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Biomedical subjects

M B Hays

Publications and source records attributed to M B Hays.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with a dental orthosis.

A dental orthosis, designed to increase the size of the upper airway by advancing the mandible, was used in 68 patients to treat snoring and varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea. The orthosis increased the posterior airway space, as assessed by lateral cephalograms. Seven months (range 2 to 25) after beginning use, 75 percent of patients were using the orthosis regularly. Snoring, by report, was improved in all patients but one (p less than 0.001) and was eliminated in 42 percent (95 percent confidence interval 30 to 55 percent). Sleep quality and sleepiness were also reported improved. Apneas and hypopneas, measured before and after use in 20 patients with obstructive sleep apnea, were reduced from an average of 47 to 20 events per hour (p less than 0.001). Oxygenation and sleep disturbance were also improved. Apnea-hypopnea frequency was reduced with treatment to less than 20/h in 13 patients. Residual frequencies greater than 20/h were associated with higher initial frequencies of apneas and hypopneas. Side effects of orthosis use were minor, and no serious complications were observed. The dental orthosis is an effective treatment for the symptom of snoring and can also effectively treat obstructive sleep apnea of moderate severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Femoral neck fractures in patients receiving long-term dialysis.

The morbidity and mortality of 11 femoral neck fractures were analyzed to compare operative and conservative management of femoral neck fractures in dialysis patients. All fractures occurred in older men with severe cardiac, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal, and neurologic conditions and with advanced renal osteodystrophy. Six of the seven operated patients survived the surgery and achieved varying degrees of ambulation. Stability of the operated hip was excellent in each case. Post-operative complications included transient confusional state related to narcotics, pneumonia, decubitus ulcers, and severe hypoalbuminemia. All four patients who were managed conservatively died from complications of the fracture. Progressive deterioration was noted in each nonoperated patient, with confusion caused by narcotics and analgesics, pneumonia, hepatic coma, decubitus ulcers, severe depression, and severe hypoalbuminemia. Therefore, operative management was superior to conservative management for femoral neck fractures of patients receiving chronic dialysis with multiple medical problems and advanced renal osteodystrophy. Narcotics must be used with great caution, and efforts should be directed toward prevention of malnutrition and decubitus ulcers.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Total blood loss in major joint arthroplasty. A comparison of cemented and noncemented hip and knee operations.

Blood loss is an important aspect of any major surgery. With increased experience and increasing use of noncemented prostheses, there are indications that the total blood loss is higher in noncemented than in similar cemented arthroplasties. This report is a retrospective study of blood loss comparing cemented and non-cemented cases. In a total of 30 total hip and 37 total knee arthroplasties that were reviewed in detail, the difference in blood loss between the two groups was statistically significant. The authors give suggestions on how to reduce blood loss in noncemented knee procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fractures of the atlas vertebra. The two-part burst fracture of Jefferson.

Burst fractures of the atlas are usually diagnosed and treated as four-part fractures as described by Jefferson in 1920. Review of the literature, roentgenogram, computed axial tomography (CAT) scans, and laboratory studies, indicates that the burst fracture is usually, if not always, a two-part fracture. These findings are contrary to the accepted concept of burst fractures, and indicate that routine roentgenograms are not adequate for proper diagnosis. Also, with disclosure of the true nature of these injuries, there is indication for further consideration and study relating to treatment of these injuries.

Cervical Atlas↗
PubMed1980

Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated vaccine for the prevention of rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, and panleukopenia in cats.

An inactivated vaccine for the prevention of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), caliciviral disease, and panleukopenia has been developed. The efficacy of this vaccine for protection against FVR and caliciviral disease was assessed by vaccination of 41 cats and challenge of immunity with rrither FVR virus or feline calicivirus (FCV), strain 225. All vaccinates cats developed serum neutralizing (SN) antibody (mean SN50 1:45.5) to FVR virus, and 95% developed antibody (mean SN50 1:8.1) to FCV, strain 255. Following FVR challenge, the mean cumulative score of clinical signs was 1.1 for vaccinated cats versus 22.2 for controls. Following FCV challenge, the mean scores were 2.7 for vaccinated and 17.5 for controls. Immunogenicity of the panleukopenia fraction was demonstrated by the development of neutralizing antibody titers > 1:8 in all 21 vaccinates that were tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Physicians and airline medical emergencies.

Physician passengers on airlines are frequently called to assist the flight crew if an emergency medical situation arises. There have been numerous studies and reports pertaining to medical emergencies inflight, the various aspects of crew responsibility and reaction, and the types of emergency medical supplies available. This paper is to present the comments and opinions of physicians who have been called upon to assist the flight crew during inflight emergency medical situations. The background information is presented followed by statistics as to types of conditions encountered; physicians' responses; physicians' comments as to airline emergency medical supplies; flight crew, airline, and airport responses to medical emergencies and suggestions from physicians as to what significant changes may be indicated.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1976

Planning an airport disaster drill.

The authors have prepared this paper to serve as a guide for planning airport disaster drills, particularly at the major air carrier airports. Their recommendations are subject to change according to the needs of the individual airport and the particular circumstances that may be present. Basically, the recommendations are founded on the experience gained by participation in planning and carrying out five separate emergency or disaster drills (Oakland International Airport 1, San Francisco International Airport 2, Los Angeles International Airport 2). The authors also have been involved in a total of three additional disaster drills in California and have been involved in one way or another in an additional 19 airport disaster drills throughout the United States. The presentation is divided into segments according to activity. However, it should be noted that there is a cohesiveness necessary for disaster planning if the drill is to be successful.

Aerospace Medicine↗