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Biomedical subjects

M B Love

Publications and source records attributed to M B Love.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Community health workers: who they are and what they do.

Community health workers (CHWs) are community members who serve as frontline health care professionals. They generally work with the underserved and are indigenous to the community in which they work-ethnically, linguistically, socioeconomically, and experientially. This article presents the results of a survey of 197 systematically selected health care providers in eight Bay Area counties. The authors found that 25% of the health care providers in these eight counties hire CHWs. The hiring projections indicate that opportunities are expanding for these frontline professionals; the majority of growth is in public health departments and community-based organizations. The majority of CHWs are women (66%) of color (77%) with a high school degree or less (58%). A total of 44% earn an annual salary of $20,00 to $25,000; 30% make more than $25,001. AIDS and maternal and child health are the two major content foci of CHW work.

California↗
PubMed1995

Patient advocacy at the end of life.

Caring for the competent, fragile, elderly patient at the end of life is becoming increasingly challenging. This case explores several ethical areas of concern that arise when caring for patients who have written durable powers of attorney for health care decisions and face life or death choices. Areas covered are informed consent with the elderly patient, the family's right to be involved in decision-making, futility of treatment, and the nurse's role as patient advocate during times of difficult decision-making. Recommendations for increased nursing intervention during these times are incorporated.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed1991

Normative beliefs about factors that affect health and longevity.

Since the release of the Surgeon General's report, Healthy People, the general public has been barraged with health information and advice by the popular media. Accordingly, this article introduces a method for examining the public's beliefs about the importance of behavioral risk factors associated with health and longevity. The factorial survey approach--a technique appropriate for studying normative beliefs--seems uniquely suited to measuring the degree of public consensus regarding complex social phenomena. Data collected using this experimental vignette methodology suggest that there is much public agreement about the sources of good health. Information described in hypothetical vignettes about smoking, body weight and alcohol consumption are judged most important in promoting health and longevity even when controlling for other behavioral factors such as exercise activity, diet, amount of rest, stress, personality type, and coping strategies. The implications of these findings are briefly discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

Teaching effectiveness in the radiology residency: a method of evaluation by residents.

Feedback from the residents can provide a valuable means to acknowledge good teaching by the faculty and a strong stimulus to improve weak teaching performances. As there were no published reports that describe a quantitative and systematic method to achieve this type of evaluation in the radiology residency, we developed a questionnaire of 62 elements that asked each resident to rate each member of the faculty and also to rate the program overall. Residents supplied a scaled response to each question using a rigid protocol that maintained anonymity. Several computer programs were written to process the large volume of data. Statistical evaluation of the data demonstrated that the method is capable of reproducing the residents' assessments with a high degree of accuracy and consistency.

Internship and Residency↗
PubMed1989

Isolated avulsion fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus: report of two cases.

Isolated avulsion fractures of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus are exceptionally rare. Two cases are reported here, each involving a 12-year-old boy. The mechanism of injury appears to be a strong external rotatory force applied while the arm is at maximum external rotation and approximately 60 degrees of abduction. In children and adolescents the fracture most likely occurs through the apophyseal plate of the lesser tuberosity (traction epiphysis). In adults, clinical differentiation from the far more common calcific peritendinitis of the rotator cuff can be difficult. Whereas large, displaced fractures can be easily demonstrated on anteroposterior radiographs with internal and external rotation of the humerus, the axillary view is often necessary to detect smaller fragments with little displacement.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of chronic afferent loop obstruction: a case report and review.

The computed tomographic findings in a case of chronic afferent loop obstruction are presented. Multiple cystic abdominal masses which merge caudally are demonstrated. They display uniform diameter, thin rims, and attenuation numbers of water density. We agree with others who have advocated computed tomography as the investigative method of choice for this diagnosis.

Afferent Loop Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Pelvic inflammatory disease: sonographic-pathologic correlation.

A retrospective analysis of the sonographic findings in 65 women with pelvic inflammatory disease was correlated with pathologic findings at surgery and laparoscopy. Abnormal sonograms could be classified into one of the following three groups: Type I pattern (endometritis); Type II pattern (focal mass); Type III pattern (total pelvic distortion). A simulated uterine appearance, the "pseudouterus sign," was observed in three patients with previous hysterectomy. Various pathologic entities of the pelvic inflammatory disease spectrum could not be reliably distinguished sonographically.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous psoas abscess.

Although its historical significance is well established, Mycobacterium tuberculosis today is considered an extremely rare cause of psoas abscess. Nontuberculous bacterial infection, most commonly secondary to an intraabdominal process but at times appearing without an identifiable source, is responsible for the vast majority of psoas abscesses. The recent resurgence of tuberculosis may portend another change in the etiologic trend of psoas abscess. It is essential that the emergency physician not only recognize the potentially subtle presentation of psoas abscess, but also include tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of infectious causes of this entity. A case of tuberculous psoas abscess in an HIV-negative man is presented. A review of the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, epidemiology, and treatment follows, highlighting the similarities and differences between tuberculous and nontuberculous psoas infection.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normative beliefs of health behavior professionals regarding the psychosocial and environmental factors that influence health behavior change related to smoking cessation, regular exercise, and weight loss.

PURPOSE: To examine the degree of consensus among health behavior change professionals regarding the personal and environmental factors they believe most strongly influence health behavior decisions related to smoking cessation, regular exercise, and weight loss. DESIGN: A factorial survey design was implemented. This method combines the positive elements from simple sample surveys and factorial experiment designs. A total of 44 independent psychosocial and environmental variables are used to randomly construct vignettes, or short stories, to collect dependent variable data. SUBJECTS: A probability sample of 311 health behavior change professionals was selected from the Society for Public Health Education, Inc., the Society of Behavioral Medicine, and faculty from the 1986 Harvard University Symposium on Health Promotion in the Work Place. MEASURES: Judgment ratings on the probability that the person described in each vignette would initiate the behavior in question. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis indicates that the multidimensional model explained approximately one half of the variance in the judgments across the three health behaviors (smoking cessation, R2 = .52; weight loss, R2 = .49; and regular exercise, R2 = .49). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a high degree of consensus among the sample regarding the personal and environmental factors that influence health behavior judgments. Here, the subjects perceive both behavioral intentions and self-efficacy as the most powerful determinants of judgments to initiate weight loss, regular exercise, and smoking cessation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗