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Biomedical subjects

M B Rossi

Publications and source records attributed to M B Rossi.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Asymptomatic celiac and superior mesenteric artery stenoses are more prevalent among patients with unsuspected renal artery stenoses.

The prevalence of unsuspected renal artery stenosis among patients with peripheral vascular disease has been reported to be as high as 40%, but the prevalence of asymptomatic celiac and superior mesenteric artery stenoses in these patients is not known. The biplane aortograms of 205 male patients who were military veterans and had aneurysms or occlusive disease were independently reviewed, and medical records were studied to determine associated coronary disease, risk factors, and patient outcome. Fifty-six patients (27%) had a 50% or greater stenosis in the celiac or superior mesenteric artery, and seven patients (3.4%) had significant stenoses in both mesenteric arteries. Patients with celiac or superior mesenteric artery stenoses were older (p = 0.002) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.029) than those without significant mesenteric stenoses. Fifty of the 205 patients had significant renal artery stenoses, and 20 had advanced (greater than 75% diameter loss) renal stenoses. Ten of the 20 patients (50%) with advanced renal stenoses had a concomitant celiac artery stenosis, compared to 40 of the 185 patients (22%) who did not have advanced renal stenoses (p = 0.011). In the present study asymptomatic celiac or superior mesenteric artery stenoses were common among male veterans evaluated for peripheral vascular disease, but the prevalence of significant stenoses in both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries was low. The prevalence of significant celiac stenosis was higher in patients with advanced (greater than 75%) renal artery stenoses who might be considered for prophylactic renal revascularization. Lateral aortography with evaluation of the celiac artery is always appropriate in these patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Is routine CT scanning necessary in the preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy?

To evaluate the usefulness of CT scanning before carotid endarterectomy, a prospective study was performed on 469 consecutive patients considered for carotid endarterectomy during a 5-year period. All patients underwent carotid duplex scanning and CT scanning before carotid arteriography. Two hundred thirty-seven patients (51%) had transient ischemic attacks, 109 (23%) had a prior stroke, and 122 (26%) were asymptomatic. Results of the CT scan were abnormal in 68 (62%) of the 109 patients with stroke. Fifty-one of the 360 patients (14%) without a clinical history of stroke had an abnormal CT scan outcome. Of patients with a stroke documented by CT scanning, 27 had lacunar infarcts, and 92 had cortical infarcts; these findings did not change surgical management in any patient. CT scanning did not reveal any unsuspected infarcts or tumors. Two hundred thirty carotid endarterectomies were performed on 206 patients. Forty-seven patients (23%) in the operative group had abnormal CT scan findings, but the scan did not influence operative decisions or timing in any case. Seventy-two patients (27%) in the nonoperative group had abnormal CT scan results, but CT scan findings did not exclude any patient from arteriography or surgery. Three perioperative strokes (1.3%) occurred. CT scan findings did not correlate with postoperative neurologic complications. Cost of CT scanning was one-half million dollars in our study alone. Routine CT scanning is unnecessary before carotid endarterectomy and is not cost-effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Alternate Wenckebach conduction through the right bundle branch.

This case report describes a patient with chronic chagasic myocarditis who presented with a unique tachycardia-dependent or phase 3 aberrant ventricular conduction. The electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia with sequences of alternate and progressive right bundle branch block, that is, Wenckebach periods of alternate beats. We postulated the existence of functional longitudinal dissociation in atrioventricular conduction axis, responsible for the alternant normal and Wenckebach beats.

Atrioventricular Node↗
PubMed1988

Intermediate to late term results of Mustard's procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum.

Overall survival after Mustard's operation was assessed in 130 patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and an intact ventricular septum who were operated on at the Brompton Hospital in the 12 year period from January 1974 to December 1985. Actuarial analysis showed a survival at five years of 79.1% (25 deaths in 130 patients). Half the deaths occurred within a month of operation and half up to five years later. Operation under the age of three months carried a greater mortality (six deaths in 11 patients). Statistical analysis showed that these survival figures were consistent throughout the series and did not alter with the year of operation. In the light of recent trends in treatment of this lesion, it is concluded that for neonates an arterial switch procedure is now likely to carry the best chance of long term success. For the patient who presents after the age of three months, however, there may still be a place for the Mustard procedure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Conjoined twins, right atrial isomerism, and sequential segmental analysis.

Three cases of twins conjoined across the chest were examined. In one set, one twin showed right atrial isomerism and the other showed the usual atrial arrangement. The other two sets showed the usual atrial arrangement in both twins. The associated cardiac anomalies were diverse, ranging from atrioventricular septal defects to absent atrioventricular connections. Sequential segmental analysis was used successfully in each case to classify the complex cardiac anomalies. The first step was the recognition of the atrial arrangement. This was easily achieved despite the complexity of the intracardiac morphology.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Absent aortic valve leaflets.

A newborn with difficulty in feeding and with tachypnoea was admitted to the hospital. During the following days his condition deteriorated and he died at the age of 8 days. At autopsy we found an unusual association of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and absence of the aortic leaflets.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1986

Coronary arteries in complete transposition: the significance of the sinus node artery.

Hearts from 29 children with complete transposition were examined postmortem to analyze the pattern of the coronary arteries and the origin of the sinus node artery. Four patterns of origin and distribution of the coronary arteries were found. In all, the coronary arteries arose from one or both of the facing sinuses, which were termed sinus 1 and sinus 2. The patterns were left coronary artery from sinus 1 and right coronary artery from sinus 2; anterior descending artery from sinus 1 and right coronary artery and circumflex artery from sinus 2; left coronary and right coronary from sinus 2; and circumflex artery from sinus 2 and right coronary artery from sinus 1. This study highlights the patterns of the coronary arteries in complete transposition and categorizes the variability using a simple classification. It also emphasizes the surgical significance of variations in distribution of the sinus node artery.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1985

Morphological observations following "anatomical correction" for abnormal ventriculo-arterial connection.

Seven postmortem hearts from children who underwent anatomical correction for complete transposition (6 cases) and double outlet right ventricle (1 case) were examined in order to gain a better understanding of the pathological morphology in relation to the surgical procedure. Associated malformations were ventricular septal defect in all, patient arterial duct in 4 and aortic coarctation in 3. In all hearts the coronary arteries arose from the facing aortic sinuses and were relocated into the facing sinuses of the pulmonary trunk with minimal displacement. The orifices of the coronary arteries were reduced in caliber in one case. The sinus node artery arising from a lateral atrial artery was transected in one case. The Lecompte maneuver was performed in 4 cases and tension on the pulmonary trunk was observed in 2 cases. Potential right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was evident in all (including one in which it had been resected during surgery). The substrates of obstruction were anomalous parietal insertion of the outlet septum (2 cases), anomalous muscular trabeculation (1 case), rightward displacement of the outlet septum (1 case), parietal insertion of the outlet septum (1 case) and restrictive muscular infundibulum (1 case--DORV). In addition, all the complete transposition cases had hypertrophy of the parietal right ventricular wall. This study highlighted the anatomical features which could lead to poor results in the anatomical correction procedure. Some of the potential problems could be avoided by minor modifications to the technique.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Heart block and atrioventricular septal defect.

The cardiac conduction system was examined in 2 hearts which had repair of atrioventricular septal defect. The first was from a child known to have had a prolonged P-R interval and the second was from a girl who developed complete heart block before submission to surgery. The atrioventricular conduction axis was histologically discontinuous in the first case, but preserved and surrounded by hemorrhage in the second case. This study draws attention to the inherent vulnerability of the cardiac conduction axis which must also be recognized before surgical intervention.

Child↗