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Biomedical subjects

M Babbini

Publications and source records attributed to M Babbini.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Influence of the 2'-chloro substitution on central activity of desmethyldiazepam.

Two diazepam derivatives, the N-desmethyl and the 2'-chlor-N-desmethyldiazepam, were compared in rats using behavioral and EEG techniques. Both drugs had depressant effects upon locomotor activity, facilitated behavior suppressed by punishment, increased the number of shocks received by rats in a Sidman avoidance procedure and caused a synchronization of EEG pattern lasting more than 7 h at the highest doses. The 2'-chlor-substituted compound was much more active than desmethyldiazepam potency ratio ranking between 3.67 and 20.78 according to the test employed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Anorexic and behavioural effects of a new imidazo-isoindole derivative (mazindol) in comparison with d-amphetamine in the rat.

The effect of an imidazo-isoindole derivative (mazindol) upon motor and feeding activity and two different avoidance behaviours have been compared with those of d-amphetamine in rats. It was found that both drugs depress feeding activity in a dose-related manner and increase the motor activity of the animals. However, the ratio of the lowest motility-increasing dose and the lowest appetite suppressant dose is 0.5 for d-amphetamine and 2 for mazindol. Mazindol, like d-amphetamine, caused a stereotyped behaviour in rats when given in very high doses, but the range between the anorexic and the stereotyped behaviour dose is much higher for mazindol than for d-amphetamine. The shuttle-box avoidance behaviour suppressed by tetrabenazine is completely restored by d-amphetamine and partially by mazindol. Lever-pressing avoidance suppressed by tetrabenazine is restored by d-amphetamine while mazindol at the doses used is ineffective. It is concluded that mazindol could be an anorexic agent better suited than d-amphetamine for clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of combined treatment with nortriptiline and lorazepam on conflict behavior and motility of rats.

Lorazepam attenuated the suppressant effects of punishment on the response rate of rats in the multiple schedule of reinforcement devised by Geller and Seifter (1960). Nortriptiline alone was ineffective on punished responses. Both drugs, at certain dose levels, inhibited the nonpunished response. Combined treatment with the two drugs in a dose ratio of 1:20 attenuated the effects of punishment at all dose levels tested. The effects of the combination upon both punished and nonpunished responding was greater than might be accounted for by a simple additive effect of the individual treatments. Lorazepam and nortriptiline both induced a dose-related decrease in the locomotor activity of rats; when given together the 2 drugs antagonized each other. The results give an experimental support to the clinical observations about the usefulness of the benzodiazepine-antidepressant combination in certain depressive illnesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Changes in fixed-interval behavior during chronic morphine treatment and morphine abstinence in rats.

Rats previously trained to a fixed-interval schedule (FI 2 min) were treated twice daily with saline or morphine hydrochloride (final dose 40 mg/kg i.p.) for 44 days. On day 45 an abstinence state was induced by withdrawing morphine or by giving nalorphine (1 mg/kg i.p.). Operant behavior was recorded on alternate days during the period of chronic treatment and during the withdrawal phase (21 days). It was found that the number of lever presses decreased significantly during the first days of morphine administration but increased later over the control values. The quarter-life was not changed during this period. Morphine withdrawal and nalorphine treatment both caused a further increase in lever presses that lasted about 11 days. Again quarter-life was not changed. These results indicate that the effects of morphine on FI behavior in rats not only undergo tolerance but are actually reversed during the chronic treatment. The data obtained during the withdrawal phase are discussed in relation to the secondary abstinence syndrome described by Martin et al. (1963).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Some behavioral effects of prethcamide compared with those of its two components.

The effects of the two components of prethcamide (namely crotetamide and cropropamide) upon various behaviors in rats were compared with those of prethcamide itself to see if both were active or not and the kind of joint action shown when they were given in combination. Both crotetamide and cropropamide increase the motor activity of rats, reduce the rate of lever pressing in FR and VI food-reinforced schedules and increase the latency times in a multiple CRF-discrimination schedule. When given in combination the drugs show additive effects upon locomotor activity and FR or VI behaviors but they potentiate each other as regards the effects upon latency times in the multiple schedule. On the other hand, a clear antagonism between the two drugs has been found in the acute toxicity test.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1975

Double-blind comparison of the effectiveness of azathioprine and sulfasalazine in idiopathic proctocolitis. Preliminary report.

A double-blind therapeutic trial of azathioprine in 20 patients with acute proctocolitis was performed over a 3-month period. Azathioprine was compared with sulfasalazine in patients paired and treated in a sequential order. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, biopsy, and radiologic data were assessed by semiquantitative criteria. No significant difference in the effect of the drugs was observed. Both azathioprine and sulfasalazine produce significant improvement in clinical symptoms, some laboratory findings (ESR, serum iron), and endoscopic and biopsy findings (P smaller than 0.05). Radiologic improvement was less evident (P smaller than 0.10). On the overall final evaluation of the trial, 14 patients were improved, and 6 remained stationary or worsened (P smaller than 0.10). This short-term trial confirms previous uncontrolled experiences of one of the authors on larger series of patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Relationship between the behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of chlorpromazine and fluphenazine in rats.

The effects of chlorpromazine and fluphenazine on behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) have been studied in rats in order to find out whether quantitative surface EEG can be reliably used to assess the degree of hypnotic sedative activity of neuroleptic agents. It was found that fluphenazine is about 10 times more potent than chlorpromazine in depressing locomotor activity and variable-interval behavior of rats, while the two drugs were equally potent as regards their synchronizing action on the EEG. This is in accordance with the clinical observation that fluphenazine has less hypnotic side-effects than chlorpromazine and confirms that surface EEG can be a predictive test for hypnotic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Sedative-hypnotic properties of a new benzodiazepine in comparison with flurazepam. Pharmacological and clinical findings.

The sedative-hypnotic effects of a new benzodiazepine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (SAS 643), were compared with those of flurazepam in mice and rats as well as in a double-blind clinical trial. It was found that SAS 643 has a potency 2--4 times greater than that of flurazepam while it is about one half less toxic than the latter drug. The results of the clinical trial confirm the greater activity of SAS 643 and indicate that the new benzodiazepine causes a significantly less amount of hangover than flurazepam.

Aged↗
PubMed1972

Time-dose relationships for locomotor activity effects of morphine after acute or repeated treatment.

1. Effects of morphine sulphate (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p.) on locomotor activity of male rats were observed for 8 h after single doses in non-tolerant rats. The lower three doses had only an excitatory effect, whereas the higher three doses caused initial depression followed by a delayed excitatory effect.2. The same doses of morphine were administered daily for 30 days. No tolerance developed within this time to the excitatory effect. The locomotor excitatory effect of the higher three doses of morphine became progressively more pronounced over treatment periods of 30 days (and 48 days for 20 mg/kg), while the latency to peak activity decreased.3. An explanation of these results is suggested on the basis of two different central drug-receptor interactions affecting motility.

Animals↗