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Biomedical subjects

M Bahmanyar

Publications and source records attributed to M Bahmanyar.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Benefit versus risk factors in prophylactic vaccination against rabies.

A reliable evaluation of the universally adopted post-exposure prophylactic treatment against rabies, initiated by Louis Pasteur, became feasible only sixty years after its world-wide application. Accumulated observations and data during that period revealed that vaccines currently used for that purpose were neither safe nor dependable in inducing protection against the invariably fatal disease. Thirty years of individual and internationally collaborative research has resulted in the discovery of a new type of vaccine and the adoption of a simple treatment procedure that is now confirmed to be both safe and practically with no failure in protection of man against rabies.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Light-microscopical diagnosis of rabies. A reappraisal.

The validity of reports suggesting that Lyssa and Negri bodies are non-specific in the light-microscopical diagnosis of rabies was investigated. With Seller's impression technique, a substantial proportion of speciments found to be non-rabid with the fluorescent-antibody technique showed structures indistinguishable from Lyssa or Negri bodies. Neither histological examination nor inoculation of animals with non-rabid Seller-positive material explained the nature of these rabies-like structures. The simplicity and reliability of the fluorescent-antibody technique and the occasional serious complications of prophylactic anti-rabies measures make the diagnostic use of Seller's method at best undesirable and at worst dangerous.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison studies on potency tests for rabies vaccines.

Eleven laboratories from eight countries and four continents took part in a collaborative study to evaluate experimental procedures to be used in selecting the new standard reference rabies vaccine prepared in human diploid cell cultures. The following procedures were used : (a) the NIH potency test in mice, (b) the antibody binding technique (by either mouse inoculation or the tissue culture method), (c) virus-neutralizing antibody levels in mice used for the NIH test, and (d) antibody induction in human volunteers treated with vaccine alone and in combination with human rabies gamma globulin. The four methods used for determination of rabies antibodies were mouse inoculation, rapid fluorescent focus inhibition, plaque reduction and complement fixation techniques. All results were expressed in International Units as compared to the standard WHO serum and vaccine preparations. In general, a close correlation was noted in results from different laboratories, and it was recommended that the future rabies standard vaccine should be evaluated by three testing procedures, the NIH test, the antibody-binding technique, and antibody levels in mice used for the NIH test.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative study on antibody determination by different methods in sera of persons vaccinated with HDCS rabies vaccine.

The comparative studies undertaken by 7 laboratories in 6 countries show that the calculation of I.U.'s did not, as anticipated, minimize but actually enhanced the variability of results of rabies antibody estimations in the sera of HDCS vaccinees. The high biological variance in the method(s) may not have been considered by individual laboratories and any neglect of fundamental biostatistical laws unfortunately diminishes the theoretical advantage of using the "International Standard (I.S.)" as a "tertium comparationis". Perhaps the intrinsic variability of the I.S. should be re-evaluated and it is conceivable that a pure IgG fraction of rabies antiserum would show less variability. Intralaboratory variation might be reduced by agreeing that only a geometric mean of the I.S., and not a single value obtained in an individual test, should be used for calculation of I.U.'s. Application of the principles of biochemical and pharmacological methods, such as test-to-test control of the I.S. and its analytical variances might well enhance the reproducibility of the results. MNT, RFFIT, PRT and CFT were unable to detect antibodies in HDCS vaccinees until 7 days after the first vaccination. The establishment of methods for detecting early antibody requires further investigation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1978

Comparative study on antibody determination by different methods in sera of persons vaccinated with HDCS-vaccine.

The comparative studies undertaken by 7 laboratories in 6 countries show that the calculation I.U.s did not as anticipated minimize but actually enhanced the variability of results of Rabies antibody estaminations in the sera of HDCS vaccines. The high biological variance in the method(s) may not have been considered by individual laboratories and any neglect of fundamental biostatistical laws, unfortunately, diminishes the theoretical advantage of using the "International Standard (I.S.)" as a "tertium comparationis". Perhaps the intrinsic variability of the I.S. should be re-evaluated and it is conceivable that a pure IgG fraction of Rabies antiserum would show less variability. Intralaboratory variation might be reduced by agreeing that only a geometric mean of the I.S., and not a single value obtained in an individual test, should be used for calculation of I.U.s. Application of the principles of biochemical and pharmacological methods, such as test-to-test control of the I.S. and its analytical variances might well enhance the reproducibility of the results. MNT, RFFIT, PRT and CFT were unable to detect antibodies in HDCS vaccinees until 7 days after the first vaccination. The establishment of methods for detecting early antibody requires further investigation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Successful protection of humans exposed to rabies infection. Postexposure treatment with the new human diploid cell rabies vaccine and antirabies serum.

Forty-five persons severely bitten by rabid dogs and wolves in Iran were treated after exposure with a new rabies vaccine produced in cultures of human diploid cells. All except one also received one injection of rabies immune serum. This treatment, in contrast to past experience with other vaccines, resulted in protection of all individuals against rabies. Thus, almost a century after the postexposure treatment of humans was initiated, an effective tool for protecting man against rabies has finally been developed.

Adolescent↗