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Biomedical subjects

M Balutsov

Publications and source records attributed to M Balutsov.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Pulmonary surfactant system].

The lung surfactant system (LSS) has a complex morphological and biochemical structure. LSS contains two components: cellular and non-cellular. The cellular component comprises three types of alveolar epithelium cells (type I, II, and II pneumocytes), alveolar macrophages (AM) and Clara bronchiolar cells. The non-cellular component consists of alveolar surfactant (AS), hypo(epi)phase and alveolar epithelium cell glycocalix. AS represents phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates mono-molecular layer. AM lamellar bodies (LB) and tubular myelin (TM) are disposed in the hypophase. LB and TM represent the depot-forms of lung surfactant (LS). Lung surfactant (LS) has a complex biochemical structure and comprise the following components: phospholipids, neutral lipids, glycolipids, surfactant-specific proteins, plasmaproteins, enzymes, carbohydrates and aminoacids. LS is synthesized in type II pneumocytes and Clara cells. LS catabolism is mainly effected by AM. The LSS has a fundamental role in the physiological functions of lungs. Through its antiatelectatic and antioedematic functions, LSS sustains the basic physiological functions of lungs--alveolar ventilation and gas diffusion through the alveolar-capillary wall. Besides this, LSS performs several protecting functions--antioxidant defense, non-specific defense mechanisms, immunodulatory action, cytotoxicity agents metabolism and others. The injury of the structure and functions of LSS is an important pathogenic mechanism in the pathogenesis of different lung diseases. Practically, a pathological process in lungs, which is not related to changes in LSS structure and functions, does not exist. Recently developed surfactant replacement therapy with natural and synthetic surfactants has an important place in the therapy of several lung diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[The role of cell adhesion molecules and proinflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of endotoxin adult respiratory distress syndrome].

The Gram-negative bacterial sepsis that is resistant to therapy results in the development of septic shock and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It is established that the adult respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS) as a component of MODS is the reason for high mortality in these patients. The basic pathogenetic link between ARDS and the septic shock are the lesions of the alveolo-capillary membrane. They result from the sequestrated neutrophil cells in the lungs. Neutrophil extravasation is manifested by the following steps (stages): 1) weak initial adhesion; 2) rolling; 3) stable adhesion; and 4) extravasation. These processes are mediated by cell adhesion molecules that belong to four classes: selectins, selectin ligands, integrins and immunoglobulin superfamily. Thus cell adhesion molecules mediate the sequestration of neutrophil cells in the lungs and the damage of the pulmonary surfactant system.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Contemporary views on the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis].

Atherosclerosis is caused by a large range of exogenous and endogenous risk factors and does not result simply from the hypercholesterolemia and the accumulation of lipids. Atherogenesis is a dynamic multifactor and multi-stage inflammatory process, where different cells, cytokines and growth factors interacte as results of endothelial cell damage. This process is characterized by a focal subintimal deposition of lipids and lipoproteins in "foam cells" with a further development of chronic focal inflammation and expanditure of fibrosis, stenosis of the arterial lumen and development of further organ complications. The same are found in 50% of the patients, affected by atherosclerosis and are at the root of the death-rate in USA and Europe.

Arteries↗
PubMed2000

[The role of bacterial endotoxins, receptors and cytokines in the pathogenesis of septic (endotoxin) shock].

Sepsis, resistant to therapy, results in the development of septic (endotoxin) shock. The latter is caused by the endotoxins of different Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin (bacterial lipopdisacharide--LPS) interacts with cells through specific membrane or plasma soluble endotoxin receptors (sCD14, mlD14, LBP, CD13/CD14, CD16, CD116/CD18, L-selectin, etc.). Endotoxin interaction with the mCD14 receptor of the monocytes, macrophages and the neutrophils results in the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines--tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukines 1 and 6 (IL-1 and IL-6, etc), antiinflammatory cytokines--interleukines 10 and 12 (IL-10 and IL-12), cell adhesion molecules (P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, etc.) and inducible enzymes: inducible NO synthase (iNOS), inducible phospholipase A2 (cPL-A2), inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2). All pathologic processes in the structure and function of human body during endotoxin shock are a result of the disbalance of a number of mediators with a proinflammatory and antiinflammatory effects.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed2000

[Pulmonary repair after adult respiratory distress syndrome].

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a particulary dangerous form of acute respiratory failure. The processes of reparation of the lungs start in the course of several hours following the acute pulmonary damage and ARDS. They imply: 1) lysis of intraalveolar fibrin, phagocytosis of the necrotic products and resorption of the edematous fluid from the alveolar lumen and the pulmonary interstitium. 2) reparation of the pneumocytes and the bronchiolar Clara cells. 3) reparation of the pulmonary interstitium (pulmonary fibrosis and sclerosis). These processes of reparation in the lung are modulated by cell adhesion molecules of the integrin group and a number of growth factors (PDGF, AMDGF, EGF, FGF, IGF-I). Apoptosis is the main factor that controls the correct outcome of the processes of pulmonary reparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of an extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats].

The effect exerted by Hippophaë rhamnoides L. extract on the healing of experimental wounds in rats is studied histomorphologically in dynamics. The animals are divided up in three groups, as follows: group one--controls, group two--controls treated with indifferent carrier (carbopol gel), and group three--experimental, treated with carbopol gel containing extract of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. The wounds induced are standard, oval to elliptic with diameter about 3 cm. In groups I and II they are subjected to daily daubing over a 10-day period. The study of cytologic smears at 8, 24 and 48 hours, and biopsy performed on the 10th day show that in group three the epithelization is more intensive and occurs earlier, and granulation tissue differentiation (mature collagen fibers, profuse vascularity) is quicker, by comparison with groups one and two. The markedly expressed stimulating effect on the healing process is explained with the rich content of vitamins (A, C, E etc.) and microelements (sulfur, selenium, zinc, copper etc.) in the extract used.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1991

[Dynamic biochemical, metrometric and histomorphological studies in isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy and its regression in rats].

Isoproterenol, administered intraperitoneally in rats in a dose of 2 mg/kg of body mass for a period of 20 days, induced myocardial hypertrophy. After its stoppage a period of regression occurred, during which the myocardium recovered practically to its initial state. Complex studies of connective-tissue components (collagen, glycosaminoglycans, total nonfibrillary protein, total protein, structural, glycoproteins), metrometric data-the coefficient R (1 g of myocardium/199 g of body mass) and histomorphological investigations were performed. The same studies were done on rats of a control nontreated group and of experimental groups-on the 0 day. 7th, 14th and 42 day. It was established there was a gradual recovery to normal values of collagen, total nonfibrillary protein and the coefficient R, which were highest on the day 0. Progressive diminution, e.g., normalization of both the connective tissue components and of the volume of myocardial cells was found histomorphologically, in which the changes were mostly manifested on the day 0, as well. The complex studies of the connective tissue with isoproterenol MH proved that the changes of MH in this tissue correlated with the stages of MH respectively its regression.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of thyroid- and parathyroidectomy on stress-induced changes in the primary humoral immune response of white rats].

The influence of the immobilization stress (24 h) was studied on male white rats of Wistar strain, examining the primary humoral immune response on the background of thyroid- and parathyroidectomy. It was established that parathyroidectomy induced immunodepression, but the effect of immobilization stress, used just next to immunization with sheep erythrocytes intensified immunodepression. Furthermore application of stress after immunization with sheep erythrocytes (during the effective phase of the immune response) induced immunostimulation. These differences in stress-induced immunological changes could be explained by the peculiarities of neuroendocrine and immunological status during the variants of stress action.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of immobilization stress on primary humoral immune response in white rats].

The influence of immobilization stress (24 h) was studied on the humoral immune response of white male rats of Wistar strain against thymus- dependent antigen(sheep erythrocytes). It was established that immunosuppression occurred during application of stress before immunization, while immunostimulation developed during application of the stress after immunization (during the effector phase of the immune response). These differences in the intensity of the immune response could be explained by the peculiarities of neuro-endocrine and immunologic changes in the tow variants of the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Pathogenic action of the duodenal contents in acute and chronic exacerbated human pancreatitis].

The authors carried out studies on 16 rabbits - 10 experimental and 6 control with implanted duodenal fistula. They poured for a period of 4 days through the fistula the duodenal content of 6 sick persons with acute and chronic relapsing pancreatitis into the duodenum of the experimental animals and the content of 2 healthy persons-to the animals of the control group. After each pouring the activity of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes was determined in sera and duodenal contents of the rabbits. The duodenum, pancreas, liver and kidneys were examined histomorphologically after killing the experimental animals. The obtained results showed that there were no changes in the enzyme activity and morphologic picture of the organs after pouring duodenal content of healthy persons. The enzyme activity was reduced in the duodenal content of the experimental animals, but in the sera was increased. Pancreatitis, duodenitis, fatty dystrophy of liver and parenchymatous dystrophy of kidneys was established histomorphologically. The authors suggest the appearance of some toxic substances in the duodenal content of sick persons with acute and chronic relapsing pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Electrocardiographic and histomorphological changes in the myocardium of rats with Selye's experimental hypertension].

The authors described electrocardiographic and histomorphological changes in white rats with coarctation hypertention, induced by the method of Selye. The electrocardiographic changes were manifested as prologation of preauricular-ventricular conduction time, dislocation of the intermediate part ST to the isoelectrical line, low, negative or biphasic T-wave at the initial stages of the experiment, but after the thirthieth day there was a pathologic Q-wave, a reduced voltage of the steap curves and manifested left type of ECG in the majority of the experimental animals. Histomorphological and histochemical study on thmyocardium revealed in the beginning of the experiment mainly lesion changes, but sign of myocardial hypertrophy and manifested difuse and/or focal myocardial fibrosis on the 30th to the 90th day of the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Morphological changes in the myocardium after thymectomy].

The authors followed in dynamics the systolic arterial blood pressure and morphometric changes in the myocardium (cardiac, index, mean number of myocardial cells per unit of area c I mm2, mean diameter of the myocardial cells of the papillary muscles and subendocardial laer of the left ventricle) in thymectomized and sham thymectomized rats. The studies were made after thymectomy and sham thymectomy on the second, sixth, twelfth and sixteenth week. The systolic arterial blood pressure in thymectomized rats was elevated gradually and reached up to 170 mmHg on the sixteenth week, but it was in normal ranges in sham thymectomized animals. The cardiac index and mean diameter of the myocardial cells were larger in thymectomized rats, but the mean number of cells was smaller in comparison with sham thymectomized animals-results showing development of myocardial hyperthrophy after thymectomy. The induced myocardial changes were probably of adaptive character and could be due to neurohormonal mechanisms and hemodynamic loading of the heart becuase of the elevated arterial blood pressure after thymectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of duodenal contents of patients with pancreatitis following its introduction into the duodenum of healthy rats].

The authors examined 18 rats--6 controls and 12 experimental. After duodenostomy by means of a puncure of the duodenal wall duodenal content from healthy persons was administered in the duodenum of control rats. In the experimental group of animals duodenal content form patients with pancreatitis was administered. Duodenum, pancrea, liver and kidneys were examined histomorphologicaly. The obtained results showed that there were no substantial deviations from the norm in the histomorphological picture of the examined organs after administration of duodenal content. In the organs of the experimental group these changes could be characterized as acute necrotic pancreatitis, acute duodenitis, acute finely dotted dystrophy of liver and slightly, manifested acute renal insufficiency. the authors suggested the occurrence of some toxic substances in the duodenal content in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗