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M Bax

Publications and source records attributed to M Bax.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The medical examination of children on entry to school. The results and use of neurodevelopmental assessment.

In the North Paddington Primary School Study 350 children were identified at five and studied over a five-year period. The children were given a comprehensive examination on entry to school, the findings from which are briefly described. Here the results of the neurodevelopmental assessment are reviewed. Children with a high (abnormal) neurodevelopmental score (NDS) are shown to be a very vulnerable group with significantly higher rates of learning difficulty by the age of 10. The NDS alone does not give as good a prediction of such difficulty as the school doctor's clinical judgment. It is emphasised that prediction of difficulties is not an objective of the school entrant examination but clearly the clinical tests from which a NDS can be calculated provide a sound basis for clinical practice. Attention is drawn to the need for the school doctor with discretion to pass on to teachers the results of their examination that may increase the teachers' insight into their pupils and help them in their methods of teaching and care.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Differences in Ca2+ entry blockers revealed by effects on adenosine- and adrenergic- receptors and cyclic AMP levels of [2-3H]adenine-prelabeled vesicles prepared from guinea pig brain.

Three major classes of Ca2+ entry blockers, classified according to effects on cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, were tested. Vesicles prepared from cerebral cortex and stimulated by adenosine and epinephrine constituted adenosine and alpha-adrenergic receptor systems respectively. Vesicles prepared from cerebellum and stimulated by epinephrine constituted the beta-adrenergic receptor system. Experiments with adenosine were also performed with vesicles formed or incubated in the absence of exogenous Ca2+. The results indicate that Ca2+ entry blockers had a variety of effects, even within classes of drugs. Vascular-selective group A Ca2+ entry blockers such as nifedipine and nisoldipine antagonized adenosine, but the structurally-related drug nitrendipine was inactive. Inhibition was competitive with adenosine and independent of exogenous Ca2+. In contrast to receptor-binding studies requiring high ratios of the drugs to adenosine receptor radioligands, nifedipine and nisoldipine were inhibitory at equimolar concentrations with adenosine. Non-selective group A Ca2+ entry blockers such as diltiazem and verapamil were inactive against adenosine. Group B Ca2+ entry blockers, prenylamine and perhexilene, increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels of vesicles stimulated by adenosine but not by epinephrine or under basal conditions. This effect was observed only in vesicles that had been formed in the presence of Ca2+. Ca2+ entry blockers also exhibited effects on adrenergic receptors unrelated to effects on adenosine. Verapamil and prenylamine acted as alpha-adrenergic antagonists and only prenylamine acted as a beta-adrenergic antagonist. However, the vesicle system also revealed indirect blocking actions of nifedipine on adrenergic receptor systems. The actions of the Ca2+ entry blockers are discussed in relation to the special usefulness of nifedipine in the treatment of patients with defective atrioventricular conduction and also in relation to the unique ability of group B Ca2+ entry blockers to selectively inhibit Ca2+ and calmodulin activated phosphodiesterase. However, some caution must be applied in drawing conclusions relating to the cardiovascular actions of these drugs from data generated in a neuronally-derived model.

Adenine↗
PubMed1986

The school entry medical examination.

We describe our comprehensive examination of 5 year old school entrants. The examination includes a parental interview, measurements of growth and visual acuity, and an audiometric sweep test all carried out by the school nurse and a paediatric examination and neurodevelopmental assessment carried out by the school doctor. The continuing need for such an examination, at least in urban areas, is discussed and illustrated by some data from the North Paddington Primary School Study. We emphasise the practical use of the neurodevelopmental assessment.

Body Height↗
PubMed1984

Continuities of common behaviour problems in preschool children.

This paper describes the prevalence of behaviour problems in 2 populations of preschool children in London, and the continuities over time of common problems. Night waking was the most common problem under the age of 2, being reported in 21% of 1-year-olds. Just under half of these night wakers were still waking at 18 months, and from 18 months to 2 years just over half the children continued waking The continuities of feeding problems were stronger after the age of 2 years, with poor appetite being reported to persist more than food fads. Over 2 years the most common problem reported was temper tantrums, and 45% of the children having frequent tantrums at 2 years were still having frequent tantrums at 3 years. The implications for services and the need for intervention studies are discussed.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1983

The behaviour, development, and health of the young child: implications for care.

Children with recurrent physical illnesses such as infections of the ears and chest are more likely than average to have developmental and behavioural disorders as well. Specialist skills are needed for the assessment and management of these disorders; the belief that "the child will grow out of it" is rarely correct. Any reorganisation of the child health services should take account of the need for children with developmental and behavioural disorders to be treated within the community by doctors and other health workers with the appropriate skills.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Sleep.

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Child, Preschool↗