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Biomedical subjects

M Bay

Publications and source records attributed to M Bay.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

N-terminal proBNP and mortality in hospitalised patients with heart failure and preserved vs. reduced systolic function: data from the prospective Copenhagen Hospital Heart Failure Study (CHHF).

UNLABELLED: Preserved systolic function among heart failure patients is a common finding, a fact that has only recently been fully appreciated. The aim of the present study was to examine the value of NT-proBNP to predict mortality in relation to established risk factors among consecutively hospitalised heart failure patients and secondly to characterise patients in relation to preserved and reduced systolic function. MATERIAL: At the time of admission 2230 consecutively hospitalised patients had their cardiac status evaluated through determinations of NT-proBNP, echocardiography, clinical examination and medical history. Follow-up was performed 1 year later in all patients. RESULTS: 161 patients fulfilled strict diagnostic criteria for heart failure (HF). In this subgroup of patients 1-year mortality was approximately 30% and significantly higher as compared to the remaining non-heart failure population (approx. 16%). Using univariate analysis left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), New York Heart Association classification (NYHA) and plasma levels of NT-proBNP all predicted mortality independently. However, regardless of systolic function, age and NYHA class, risk-stratification was provided by measurements of NT-proBNP. Having measured plasma levels of NT-proBNP, LVEF did not provide any additional prognostic information on mortality among heart failure patients (multivariate analysis). CONCLUSION: The results show that independent of LVEF, measurements of NT-proBNP add additional prognostic information. It is concluded that NT-proBNP is a strong predictor of 1-year mortality in consecutively hospitalised patients with heart failure with preserved as well as reduced systolic function.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

NT-proBNP: a new diagnostic screening tool to differentiate between patients with normal and reduced left ventricular systolic function.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether measurements of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can be used to differentiate patients with normal and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in an unselected consecutive group of hospital inpatients. SETTING: City general hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: During a 10 month period 2230 admissions to a city general hospital (80% of targeted patients) had an echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function, a comprehensive clinical evaluation, and blood analysis of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) within 24 hours of admission. Exclusions resulted from lack of informed consent or failure to obtain the required evaluations before death or discharge from hospital. Echocardiography was unsatisfactory in 37 patients, so the final number studied was 2193. RESULTS: A raised NT-proBNP (>or= 357 pmol/l) identified patients with an LVEF of 40% was more than 97%. This probability rapidly decreased to 70% as the measured NT-proBNP increased to 150% of the predicted value. CONCLUSIONS: A single measurement of NT-proBNP at the time of hospital admission provides important information about LVEF in unselected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

In vitro study of human alveolar macrophages inflammatory mediator transcriptions and releases induced by soot FR 101, Printex 90, titandioxide and Chrysotile B.

Soot FR 101, Printex 90 and Chrysotile B are frequently found in indoor air pollutants phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AM) involved in inflammatory pulmonary processes as, e.g. in cytokine secretions. The transcription factor NF-kappaB has a role in the trans-duction pathway of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. We therefore investigated whether the transcription factor NF-kappaB and subsequent inflammatory cytokine secretions by AM are induced by exposure to these particles compared to the inert TiO2. AM were incubated for 90 min at particle concentrations of up to 100 microg/10(6) cells. Sequential reverse transcription and semiquantitative cDNA amplification (RT-PCR) was used to measure NF-kappaB and cytokine mRNA expressions. Compared to control exposures these particles induced an up to 4.6-fold increase in gene expression of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (p < 0.01), resulting in up to 12.9-fold enhanced transcription rates of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha (p <0.05). The particles and fibre dependent increases in mRNA reached maximum levels at 90 min post exposure. After an exposure time of 8 hrs, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha proteins, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), were significant elevated in supernatants of AM, revealing an up to 30.5-fold increase in TNF-alpha secretion rates (p <0.01). Our results suggest that exposure of human AM to soot FR 101, Printex 90, TiO2 and Chrysotile B induce the transcription and production of proinflammatory cytokines via NF-kappaB and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of airway disease and lung parenchymal injury.

Asbestos, Serpentine↗
PubMed1997

[Ambulatory knee arthroscopy in arthroscopic surgery under local anesthesia].

After introducing knee arthroscopy in local anaesthesia as a standard regime in outpatients, we want to describe our experiences from 403 arthroscopies performed in 401 patients, aged 15-80 years, mean 37 years. Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed successfully in 397 of 403 cases. Arthroscopic surgery was indicated in 203 patients and carried out in 188 cases. It was possible to resect 144 of 158 tears of the meniscus. In conclusion, outpatient arthroscopy of the knee with transarthroscopic surgery in local anaesthesia using high dose lidocaine and no sedation is a valuable tool, and should be used on a larger scale. It is possible to carry out diagnostic arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery in most patients, especially concerning resections of menisci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Activity and tolerance of a continuous subcutaneous infusion of interferon-alpha2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

We administered interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b) by continuous subcutaneous infusion (60,000 IU/h, or 10 million IU/week) over 3 months to 7 patients with chronic hepatitis C. All had previously responded, as assessed by normalization of transaminases to the same dose of IFN administered by intermittent injection over 6 months, but had relapsed after cessation of therapy. The continuous infusion was tolerated well at the site of infusion, and the systemic side effects were similar in type but were lesser in intensity than with intermittent dosage. Four of 7 subjects had normalization of transaminase at the end of week 12 of therapy. Serum HCV RNA and HCV by PCR decreased with treatment, and there was a prompt and sustained increase in serum beta2-microglobulin and of 2', 5' OAS activity. The level of the latter appeared to correlate with response of the transaminase. Serum IFN concentrations were low but detectable throughout therapy. After stopping IFN administration, the transaminases in responders increased again to pretreatment levels.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1996

Modulation of TNF-alpha secretions by alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes after soot-particle or asbestos fibre exposure.

Activated monocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), whose inflammatory and fibroblast activating characteristics may play a role in the maintenance of pulmonary inflammatory processes and subsequent fibrosis. Human alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were exposed to soot particles or asbestos fibres in concentrations ranging from 5-50 micrograms/1 x 10(6) cells for 8 hrs in RPMI medium. A culture was established with the exposed monocytes and the remaining cells were used to determine TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha was quantified by commercial ELISA-kits. 8 hrs exposure to soot particles and asbestos fibres induced a significant increase in spontaneous TNF-alpha release (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of monocytes was checked by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase assay, noted values ranging from 0.5%-16.2%.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1994

Drug disposition and hepatotoxicity in the elderly.

Overall, the aged liver seems to function remarkably well in the elderly. Decreased drug disposition is selective and modest and there is no compelling evidence of greater susceptibility to drug-induced or other types of injury. Drug-drug interactions and concurrent derangements accompanying advanced age may, however, contribute to adverse drug effects. Still, the aged, consume about three times as many therapeutic agents as other people. Most of these are metabolized in the liver before excretion. With increasing age, hepatic blood flow falls and so does hepatic volume. Moreover, binding of some agents normally carried on albumin may decrease. In contrast, increasing age has relatively modest effects on hepatic drug metabolism and these are highly selective. In the healthy aged, hepatic drug elimination is only modestly, if at all, impaired and this is likely to especially affect agents dependent on liver blood flow. Other factors that affect drug elimination in the aged are drug-drug interaction and the frailty and functional impairment of many elderly, as a result of poor diet, infection, multiple hospitalizations, or other events. Decreased host defense systems in the aged liver may lead to decreased adaptation to stress and slower regeneration after injury.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Steroid priming of the luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone.

Perifusion experiments were performed to study the stimulatory effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) on the release of LH from anterior pituitary tissue. Exposure of pituitary tissue from normal male rats to LH-RH (5 ng/ml for 5 min) induced a small release of LH; in tissue from ovariectomized rats receiving no pretreatment, the release was more than three times greater and in tissue from gonadectomized male or female rats pretreated with oestradiol benzoate and progesterone, the release was six times greater than that observed in normal rats. Further exposure of pituitary tissue from gonadectomized steroid-pretreated male and female rats to LH-RH (5 ng/ml) induced an increase in the level of LH even greater than that seen after the initial exposure (priming action of LH-RH); in tissue from ovariectomized rats receiving no pretreatment, less LH was released than after the first exposure to LH-RH and in tissue from normal male rats the response was unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

On the rapidity with which LRH induces release of LH and FSH from perifused anterior pituitary tissues of the rat.

In a series of perifusion (superfusion) experiments, data were obtained which indicated that LRH and K+, when effective, induced increase in LH and/or FSH release within about one minute after arriving in the vicinity of the test rat pituitary tissues. Hormone release stimulating effects of LRH or high K+ continued for some time after washout of test agent. To secure these data perifusion flow was set at 2.5 or more ml/min., each test solution was pulsed for two minutes only, effluent samples were collected at 15 second intervals shortly before, during and after each pulse, and both mixing and dead space time were minimized by introducing each new test solution directly in front of the tissue chamber, via a 4-way or 5-way pulse control stopcock through which two streams of perifusion fluid (Control and Test) passed continually. LH and FSH in effluent samples were estimated by radioimmunoassay.

Animals↗