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Biomedical subjects

M Bedu

Publications and source records attributed to M Bedu.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Acute altitude-induced edema of the lung].

High-altitude pulmonary edema has the following clinical features: it occurs in young healthy subjects exposed to altitudes usually above 3,000 m; it is favored by rapid ascent, exercise, cold, and sleep; it can give a deceptive clinical picture because of the patchy distribution of the edema. Hemodynamically, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs without increase in wedge pressure or left atrial pressure. Under treatment (rest, oxygen, diuretics), the condition rapidly improves. The physiopathological mechanism of this non-cardiogenic edema is complex and not yet fully defined: PAH essentially stems from hyperreactivity of the pulmonary circulation towards hypoxic arteriolar vasoconstriction, increase in pulmonary blood volume, and pulmonary microthrombosis. Postulated mechanisms involving mixed intra-alveolar edema with high pressure and increased permeability are based on transarterial leakage, over perfusion with endothelial injury, and an increase of permeability in relation to histamine and vasoactive polypeptides. Prevention relies, for a large part, on the identification of HAPE-prone subjects, slow ascent to high altitude, moderate physical activity, warm clothing, and prior administration of acetazolamide.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative statistical study of global and local functional respiratory data in 2 groups of patients with pulmonary or pleural tuberculosis].

Two groups of patients with unilateral tuberculosis, either pulmonary (36 cases) or pleural (75 cases) were studied. The clinical and functional results were compared statistically. These two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, tobacco consumption, the radiological unilaterality of their disease and the global reduction of respiratory function (assessed by VC, FEV1, TPC and TLCO), which can be considered to be essentially due to the local disease. In both groups, the radiological image (extent of the lesion, shape of the lesion) is the only clinical factor statistically related to the functional values. The two groups differ in terms of two functional parameters which reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms in the affected lung. The group with pulmonary tuberculosis presents an obstructive ventilatory syndrome (reduction of the FEV1/VC ratio and increase in the RV/TPC ratio), which reflects the bronchial involvement in the disease. The group with pleural tuberculosis presents a pulmonary distention (increased RV/TPC ratio), which is related to disturbed transmission of the pleural pressure to ventilated alveolar zones. Secondly, in the group with pulmonary tuberculosis, the ventilation and perfusion deficits are equivalent, while in the pleural tuberculosis group, the ventilatory deficit is predominant. Thus the global reduction in ventilatory function which is the same in the two group is caused by fundamentally distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in the two groups of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Air-conditioner disease. Results of an industrial medicine survey (author's transl)].

The results of a survey conducted in a company employing 1850 persons working in air-conditioned premises are reported. One hundred and five persons were examined, including 790 who mostly complained of respiratory disorders and 20 controls. Regular check-ups during the last two years have failed to reveal any serious disease. The most frequent complaints were rhinitis and tracheitis, especially among female employees. No alveolitis was observed. The finding of Bacillus subtilis in samples of ambient air and air-conditioner filters in conjunction with the presence of precipitating antibodies against crude extracts from these samples, suggested that the respiratory disorders might have been due to this microorganism. A multifactorial analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between clinical symptoms and immunological disorders. The air-conditioner disease, therefore, may present as a benign condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Recent findings on occupational allergic alveolitis].

Occupational allergic alveolitis may be observed in agricultural or industrial environment. The presence of serum precipitins to specific antigens remains a valuable symptom. But other immunologic tests, such as inhibition of leucocyte migration, may be performed in doubtful cases or for retrospective diagnosis. It shows the role of delayed hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of the disease. The functional investigation confirms the alveolar involvement but also reveals in some cases (by flow/volume curves and compliance tests) evidence of small airways disease. The broncho-alveolar lavages show the high percentage of lymphocytes (mainly T lymphocytes) in in the cell population recovered and a very typical phospholipid profile in the supernatant (total absence of lecithin whereas the two other fractions phosphatidyl-inositol and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine are considerably enhanced). The tensioactive properties of the phospholipids were investigated by fluorescence polarisation technique. High values of microviscosity were found in patients. These findings provide a new diagnostic guidance and a new therapeutic approach of these diseases.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1979

[Tracheo-bronchial and pulmonary depositions as measured by radioactive tracers. Study on healthy and pathological subjects (author's transl)].

The result of a study done on 52 subjects including a thorough ventilatory functional test and the radioisotopic measurement of inhaled particles deposition, by working out the TB/P ratio, revealed that: 1. giving aerosol needs an exacting technique when used for quantitative aims; 2. ratio TB/P is increased in patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases, because of a predominantly tracheo-bronchial deposition of particles; 3. in patients with a satisfactory ventilatory function the TB/P ratio is increased; on the other hand in patients with ventilatory disorders, the ratio is normal. The repartition of particles deposition between the compartments TB and B depends therefore not only on factors involving ventilatory functional values but also on the physiopathological factors not included in them.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1979

[Correlations between chest X-rays, clinical data, and lung function tests (flow-volume curve) in asbestos workers (author's transl)].

This study concern 61 asbestos workers, exposed to very dusty conditions, but exposure is stopped for 4 years. Flow-volume curve shows a decrease in flow, at low-volume, particularly in old subjects, with a great dust index. In 13 subjects (21%), with normal chest radiographs, we observe a decrease in flow. This is interpreted as an airway obstruction, and it is an early effect of asbestos exposure. This obstruction concerns the small airways because the Vmax is density independent in the last portion of the VC. Flow-volume curve breathing helium oxygen mixture is not more sensitive, than breathing air. So, this test seems sufficient, to monitor the exposed workers, in epidemiological studies, and prevent repeated chest X-ray examinations which may be dangerous.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Small airway function tests; techniques of measurements. Review of the literature].

It is usually agreed that obstructive lesions in small airways are the first abnormalities in patients with chronic bronchitis. Consequently, there is now a great interest in the early detection of airways obstruction. Three techniques are described: frequency dependence of compliance, flow-volume curve and closing-volume. The results obtained in healthy subjects and in patients with obstructed airways are discussed.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validity of a V.O2 max prediction equation of the 2-km walk test in female seniors.

Walking is a useful exercise mode for most adults due to its general ease, acceptability, and safety. Therefore, many field tests based on performance in walking have been developed to predict V.O (2 max). Even if these tests are much easier to perform than laboratory tests, field tests have to be valid. The objective of the paper was to explore the accuracy and bias of a V.O (2 max) prediction equation of the 2-km Walk Test, in an active female senior group (n=18, mean age: 66.1+/-4.4). V.O (2 max) (l . min (-1)) was measured during cycle ergometry by direct gas analysis from a maximal test (step: 30 W, time: 2 min 30). V.O (2 max) related to body mass was then calculated (ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)). Subjects completed also the 2-km Walk Test (UKK Institute). V.O (2 max) (ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)) was then predicted from age, sex, body mass index, heart rate, and walking time measured during the 2-km Walk Test. Predicted V.O (2 max) and measured V.O (2 max) were highly correlated (r=0.63, p<0.01). Predicted V.O (2 max) (20.5+/-6.1 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)) was not significantly different from measured V.O (2 max) (18.7+/-3.4 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)). Prediction equation bias with its 95 % limits of agreement was - 1.8+/-4.8 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1) with a coefficient of variation of 24.2 %. In an active female senior population, the 2-km Walk Test offers a fairly accurate V.O (2 max) prediction. The training and learning effects can be neglected because when the test was repeated no significant bias was observed between the two trials.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of socioeconomic and nutritional conditions rather than altitude on the physical growth of prepubertal Andean highland boys.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of hypoxic stress on the physical growth of prepubertal Bolivian boys (10-11.5 years of age) of the same socioeconomic and nutritional conditions. The subjects consisted of 143 boys living in La Paz (altitude 3600 m, n = 67) and Santa Cruz de la Sierra (altitude 420 m, n = 76). Among the boys studied at high altitude, 23 were from a high socioeconomic background (HA1) and 44 from a low socioeconomic background (HA2). The group studied at low altitude consisted of 47 boys from a high socioeconomic background (LA1) and 29 from a low socioeconomic background (LA2). A scientific evaluation of the nutritional status of the boys was realized from specific anthropometric characteristics (height, body weight, upper arm muscle circumference, body fat mass and body mass index) and haematological (haematocrit, haemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, red cell protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation) and biochemical (total serum protein, albumin and prealbumin) parameters. At high as at low altitudes, the biometric characteristics of boys from a low socioeconomic background were significantly lower than those of boys from a high socioeconomic background. The physical growth of HA2 and LA2 boys was delayed by approximately 2 years. All the boys had biochemical and haematological parameters within the normal range. Boys from a low socioeconomic background were considered as marginally undernourished and those from a high socioeconomic background as well-nourished. Within the same socioeconomic class there was no nutritional difference between highland and lowland boys. Similarly, and this is the most important feature of this study, there was no difference for the overall biometric characteristics between highland and lowland boys of the same socioeconomic and nutritional status. Therefore, it appears that when socioeconomic and nutritional conditions are taken into account, there is no effect of hypoxic stress on the physical growth of prepubertal Andean highland boys.

Altitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the links between functional and clinical data in 212 asthma patients from 14 to 30 years old at a health spa in La Bourboule (author's transl)].

212 asthma patients, who attended their first health spa at La Bourboule, are studied. The functional data are statistically compared to those obtained from clinical examination. In this group of patients, it is found that: 1. Most of the functional tests are perturbed in proportion to the seiousness of the disease (determined by the number of days of attack per year). On the contrary, the other clinical criteria, and in particular the evolution time, do not affect the functional values. 2. The different ventilatory parameters studied are correlated two by two, for instance V 50 on the one had, FEV1, FEV1/VC or LR on the other. Finally the authors discuss the interest of V 50 and LR measurement in order to localize the bronchial obstruction in asthma at the level of either the large trunks (LR) or the small bronchii (V 50).

Adolescent↗