Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Benkö.
A slowly growing subgroup 2 bovine adenovirus (BAV) strain designated Ruakura 78-5371 was isolated from a yearling heifer with systemic adenovirus infection. Cross neutralization tests and restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA showed the virus to be distinct from the other 9 recognised types of BAV. It is proposed that this strain should be regarded as the prototype strain of the new type BAV-10.
An embryonic calf thyroid cell culture was established as a permanent heteroploid cell line, which is now in its 150th subculture. It allowed replication of all nine bovine adenovirus serotypes at its 15th as well as its 60-150th passages. All viruses induced typical cytopathic effects. Yields obtained on the permanent calf thyroid line were, on average, 0.8 log10 lower than those obtained on primary calf testicle cells.
The DNA of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) strain isolated from calf encephalitis in Hungary was analysed with restriction enzymes. The cleavage pattern of the encephalitis strain Na/67 differed from those of all the other Hungarian BHV-1 isolates investigated so far. The EcoRI and HindIII cleavage patterns of virus strain Na/67 were found to be similar to the patterns of two other encephalitis strains (N569 and A663 from Australia and Argentina, respectively) characterized earlier. Strain Na/67 is the first isolate in Europe which showed the restriction enzyme pattern of BHV-1.3 previously supposed to be characteristic of encephalitis strains.
Molecular cloning of the HindIII fragments of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) strain HB144, isolated from infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Hungary, and of an infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) reference strain (K22) is reported. So far 52% of the IBR viral genome and 28% of the IPV viral genome have been cloned. The analysis of differences between the strains is currently in progress.
Similar open reading frames (ORF) overlapping the thymidine kinase (TK) gene on the opposite strand or being close to it have been identified in 8 herpesviruses (Jacobson et al., 1989). Study of the DNA sequence of BHV-1 TK gene published by Mittal and Field (1989) and Kit and Kit (1986) revealed the existence of a similar ORF in this virus genome, too.
Direct filter hybridization (DFH) was applied as a simple method of nucleic acid hybridization to diagnose bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection without previous purification of nucleic acids from the specimens. The DNA of BHV-1 was cleaved with the restriction endonuclease Pst I and randomly cloned into pKH47 plasmids. The clones were labelled with 32P or biotin and selected on uninfected and infected cells for the highest specific activity to detect BHV-1 infection. Two clones, which detected about 10 infected cells, were selected for the diagnosis of BHV-1 in cattle. On specimens collected during experimental and natural disease, the DFH showed to be in concordance with the standard method of virus isolation. This simple hybridization technique proved to be a sensitive and rapid alternative to virus isolation. Specific diagnosis of BHV-1 infection can be made even in simply equipped laboratories within 10 h.
Eight reference strains of the nine accepted bovine adenovirus serotypes were compared by means of restriction enzyme (RE) analysis of the viral DNA. The study was carried out with the aim to identify RE giving restriction patterns which are particularly feasible for identification of new isolates and useful for their classification into subgroups. The BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII and PstI enzymes were feasible for identification of strains. The classification of bovine adenovirus (BAV) into subgroup 1 (BAV-1, 2, 3 and 9) and subgroup 2 (BAV-4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) was supported by (i) the significant difference in genome size between members of subgroup 1 (ranging from 32.73 to 37.67 kb) and members of subgroup 2 (ranging from 28.78 to 31.18 kb); and (ii) the observation that the nucleotide sequence recognized by EcoRI is less frequent in the genomes of subgroup 1 members - yielding 4-7 RE fragments - than in the genomes of subgroup 2 members - yielding 10-16 RE fragments.
The evaluated data of the anaesthesia protocols of 91 caesarean sections are presented. The narcosis of caesarean sections was introduced by using 1 mg/kg ketamine. Relaxation was achieved by administration of 1 mg/kg fazadinium. To maintain anaesthesia, fentanyl or repeated doses of histamine, were used after removal of the fetus. Anaesthesia was adequate in each case, the patients were amnesic concerning the operation. They recovered well. During anaesthesia, circulation was characterized by the elevation of pulse rate and of systolic pressure. The mean value of the above parameters kept on differing significantly from the initial values throughout the anaesthesia. However, the extent of increase had not reached the difference observed by other authors. The method is considered to be safe and easy to perform since ketamine and fazadinium are anaesthetics well adaptable for use just in this sort of patient material. The analgetic, anaesthetic and amnestic effect of ketamine is fairly good. It does not generally produce circulatory depression rather acts inversely. It does not depress the vital functions of the fetus either and, at the same time, due to its long action, it provides adequate anaesthesia for prolonged removals as well. The rapidly acting fazadinium produces fast relaxation similar to that produced by succinylcholine, while its effect is not associated with the side-effects of the former agent, i.e. hyperkalaemia, fasciculations. As a result of the latter, it is a useful aid in preventing the always threatening aspiration in the anaesthesia of caesarean sections.
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