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Biomedical subjects

M Bhatt

Publications and source records attributed to M Bhatt.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Disseminated cysticercosis. New observations, including CT scan findings and experience with treatment by praziquantel.

Although the symptom complex of disseminated cysticercosis has been well recognized for over half a century, it is not clearly included in recent disease classifications. Three such patients are described whose main features were uncontrolled seizures, progressive dementia, behaviour disorder, muscular pseudohypertrophy, and a relative paucity of localizing neurological signs or signs of raised intracranial pressure. Radiographic calcification in muscles was not seen. A CT scan of the brain showed numerous small discrete lesions. Their attenuation density values were appreciably less than that of calcium and they enhanced slightly with contrast. Magnification revealed that these were scolices within cysticerci. There was no enhancement of the cyst wall and no pericystic oedema. CT scan of muscles showed similar cysticerci producing a 'honeycomb' appearance. This is the first CT demonstration of widely disseminated living cysticerci in brain and muscles. It was confirmed histologically. In the absence of palpable cysticerci, the clinical diagnosis can be missed, although no other disease in its full form presents in this manner. The symptoms are mainly caused by the space-occupying effect of the large number of cysticerci rather than by adjacent tissue swelling such as is seen in the presence of dying parasites. Praziquantel was ineffective and hazardous, causing some known and some previously unreported responses and reactions. All 3 patients died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Neonatal neurobehavioral tests following cesarean section under general and spinal anesthesia.

The Scanlon Group of Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Tests (E.N.N.S.) was administered to 150 babies delivered by elective cesarean section. Fifty of the mothers were induced into general anesthesia with thiopental, 4 mg. per kilogram, and 50 with ketamine, 1 mg. per kilogram. Fifty mothers received spinal anesthesia with 6 to 8 mg. of tetracaine. All mothers receiving spinal anesthesia were given 100 per cent oxygen by a transparent face mask and all undergoing general anesthesia received N2O-O2 (6L:6L) until delivery of the baby. All mothers were healthy and all babies weighed 2,500 grams or more, were apparently normal, and had Apgar scores of 7 or more at one minute to 10 at five minutes. Spinal anesthesia was associated with the greatest percentage of high scores on both the first and second day for overall assessment, pinprick response, tone, rooting, sucking. Moro response, placing, alertness, and total decrement (habituation) scores. There was a statistically significant difference between all the scores for spinal compared to the other two groups. The scores were lowest following a thiopental induction and intermediate with ketamine although the difference did not reach statistical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind comparison of the neurobehaviour of neonates following the administration of different doses of meperidine to the mother.

The Early Neonatal Neurobehavioural Scale (E.N.N.S.) tests, first described by Scanlon, et al.1 were administered to 920 neonates on the first and second days of life. Meperidine was not given to 389 mothers, 50 mg was given to 358 mothers and 75 to 150 mg to 173 mothers within four hours of delivery. The delivery was conducted under chloroprocaine epidural anaesthesia in 280, ketamine-nitrous oxide general anaesthesia in 180, thiopentone-nitrous oxide general anaesthesia in 180 and lidocaine pudendal block in 280. All babies were over 2500 grams in weight with an Apgar score of at least 8 at one minute and 10 at five minutes. All were delivered from healthy women 18 to 35 years of age following a normal labour. The evaluator was unaware of the anaesthetic management, the method of delivery or the perinatal risk factors. There was no significant difference between the mothers and babies in the three meperidine dosage groups for maternal parity, maternal age, birth weight, number of forceps deliveries or duration of labour. Administration of meperidine was associated with a broad spectrum depression of most items on the E.N.N.S. on both the first and second days of life. The depression was greatest with the highest dose of meperidine. The depression produced by anaesthetic agents and meperidine were additive and the highest scores on this scale were obtained in those babies delivered under chloroprocaine epidural anaesthesia without meperidine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Neonatal neurobehavior in the first 48 hours of life: effect of the administration of meperidine with and without naloxone in the mother.

The early neonatal neurobehavioral scale was administered to three groups of newborns at 2, 4, and 24 hours of age. Group 1 consisted of 28 babies whose mothers had received no narcotics during labor, group 2 of 33 babies whose mothers had received meperidine hydrochloride alone during labor, and group 3 of 40 babies whose mothers had received meperidine followed by 0.4 mg of naloxone hydrochloride intravenously approximately 15 minutes before delivery. Babies who were not exposed to meperidine showed a statistically significantly greater percentage of high scores than those exposed to meperidine alone for all items on the neurobehavioral scale at 2 and 4 hours and for all items except tone and Moro response at 24 hours. Similarly, babies whose mothers had received meperidine and naloxone showed a significantly greater percentage of high scores than those whose mothers had received meperidine alone at 2 hours of age. At 4 hours a difference was found for tone and rooting and at 24 hours for overall score, placing, and total decrement score. It is concluded that naloxone given intravenously to the mother reverses the effect of meperidine on neonatal neurobehavior for approximately two hours after birth. At 4 and 24 hours, however, the neurobehavior of neonates exposed to meperidine and naloxone is depressed almost as much as that of babies exposed to meperidine alone.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detecting simulated amnesia for autobiographical and recently learned information using the P300 event-related potential.

To investigate whether the P300 (P3) event-related potential (ERP) can be used as an index of the intactness of recognition memory in subjects trying to simulate amnesia, two groups of subjects (n = 12 and n = 15) were instructed to simulate amnesia and one group of control subjects (n = 14) did not simulate amnesia while taking three recognition tests, during which ERPs were recorded. The three tests consisted of three different types of memory items: (1) the subject's birthday (birth), (2) the experimenter's name (name), (3) a word list of 14 nouns (words). The memory item was presented in a random series with other, similar in type, non-memory items. In group tests, memory items evoked larger amplitude P3s than non-memory items (p < 0.001). Within-subjects tests were used to determine whether the P3 amplitude in response to memory items was larger than the P3 amplitude in response to non-memory items for each individual. There was no difference between the sensitivity of the best within-subjects tests for amnesia simulators (birth = 0.9, name = 0.85, words = 0.53) versus non-simulators (birth = 1.0, name = 0.81, words = 0.5) averaged across the three test types. This suggests that P3 used as an index of the intactness of recognition memory may be useful in cases of suspected malingering.

Adult↗