Biomedical subjects

M Biernat

Publications and source records attributed to M Biernat.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Sharing of home responsibilities between professionally employed women and their husbands.

A sample of 139 married couples with young children and with relatively equal status careers (wives were university professors or businesswomen) were interviewed about work and home life. Considerable, traditional inequity in the distribution of child-care tasks and chore responsibility was noted, but women were generally satisfied with their husbands' home involvement. In the academic sample, the longer hours each spouse worked, the more child care the other performed; in the business sample, child-care involvement was largely determined by the husband's work hours, income, and education. Overall, women were more self-critical than were men about their performance in home roles, and women's role performance was rated more highly by husbands than by themselves. Women professionals' continued use of traditional sex role standards and the importance of attending to both partners' perspectives in studies of married life are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Comparison and expectancy processes in human judgment.

This work explored a judgment model proposed by Manis and Paskewitz (1984a). The model suggests that prior experience with the members of a given category affects the assessment of other category members in 2 ways: (a) by providing a basis for comparison and (b) by leading the judge to expect that new exemplars will resemble those previously encountered. In 4 experiments, respondents judged the height of different people on the basis of full-length photographs. The height of the models in an induction series constituted the main independent variable. The effects of contrasting inductions (e.g., short vs. tall women) affected the judges' subsequent assessments in a test series. Both comparison and expectancy processes played a significant role, sometimes opposing one another and sometimes acting in parallel (i.e., supporting one another).

Female↗

PubMed1991

Gender stereotypes and the relationship between masculinity and femininity: a developmental analysis.

This study investigated developmental shifts in (a) the use of global gender stereotypes (base rates) and individuating gender-relevant information when making social judgments and (b) the perceived association between masculinity and femininity. Interviews/surveys of kindergartners, 3rd graders, 7th graders, 10th graders, and college students (N = 491) were conducted, in which Ss were presented with descriptions of boys or girls with stereotypical or counterstereotypical attributes and asked to judge other characteristics these boys or girls might have. The data indicated that (a) reliance on gender labels as judgment cues remains stable developmentally, (b) use of individuating information (particularly masculine individuating information) increases with age, and (c) the relationship between masculinity and femininity becomes increasingly negative with age, suggesting that gender may initially be viewed in dualistic terms but later as a unidimensional construct.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Prostaglandin E2 inhibits secretagogue-induced enzyme secretion from rat pancreatic acini.

Prostaglandins of the E type may have a potential role in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology. Because prostaglandins of the E type inhibit HCl secretion in parietal cells via a specific receptor by inhibition of adenylylcyclase, we studied whether a similar mechanism exists in the exocrine pancreas. Isolated rat pancreatic acini were incubated with various concentrations of secretagogues, such as cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8), bombesin, carbachol, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), in the absence or presence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and amylase secretion was measured. For receptor binding studies, acini and pancreatic membranes were incubated with [3H]PGE2 and either unlabeled PGE2 or other types of prostaglandins. PGE2 (10(-13) to 10(-5) M) did not inhibit basal amylase secretion. However, CCK-8-stimulated secretion was significantly inhibited. Stimulation of secretion by bombesin, carbachol, VIP, and secretin was also inhibited by PGE2, but not as pronounced as CCK-8-stimulated secretion. The formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induced by CCK-8 was markedly inhibited by simultaneous incubation with PGE2. Furthermore, PGE2 slightly but significantly reduced the CCK-8-induced efflux of 45Ca2+ from prelabeled acini. Intact acini and a membrane fraction bound [3H]PGE2 and this function could be equally competed by either unlabeled PGE2 or PGE1 in contrast to less-related prostaglandins such as PGF2 alpha, PGD2, and prostacyclin. We conclude that prostaglandins of the E type inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion stimulated by various secretagogues. This function is mediated via specific receptors for PGE. With regard to CCK-8-stimulated secretion this function may be mediated by an inhibition of formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

Amylases↗