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Biomedical subjects

M Blaha

Publications and source records attributed to M Blaha.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Radiologic changes in chronic heart failure.

The relationship between chest X-ray findings and NYHA classification or haemodynamic parameters (ejection fraction, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes by echocardiography, right atrial pressure--RAP, pulmonary artery pressure--PAP and pulmonary wedge pressure--PAWP by right heart catheterization) was evaluated in 44 and 22 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, respectively. In chest X-ray, the cardiothoracic index (CTI) and authors' own classification of pulmonary congestion (PCG) of classes 0, 1 and 2 were used. A significant correlation was found between CTI and NYHA classification or haemodynamic parameters, and between PCG (classes 0 and 2) and echocardiographic parameters or right heart pressures (EDV, ESV, RAP, PAP, PAWP), but there was no significant relationship between X-ray and left ventricular ejection fraction. For a PAWP higher than 18 mmHg and PCG class 2, the sensitivity of X-ray was 86% and specificity 80%. The authors conclude that chest X-ray provides reliable information about the haemodynamic parametres, comparable to echocardiographic and catheterization data.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1992

[Transesophageal stress echocardiography].

The authors submit their initial experience with the work protocol of transoesophageal loading echocardiography, which they used in 148 patients. The method is meant in the first place for individuals where the records of classical transthoracic echocardiography in 10-25% are difficult to visualize by echocardiography or patients who for any reasons cannot be subjected to common loading examinations. The informative capacity of this method is almost 100%. It makes it possible to evaluate every accurately filling and ejection indicators as well as changes in the motility of cardiac walls.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1992

[Echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricle in mild hypertension treated with physical exercise].

The authors submit findings of haemodynamic changes during long-term treatment of mild hypertension by physical training. Using this method, blood pressure was normalized in all subjects. The authors conclude that physical activity has a similar impact on the haemodynamics of mild hypertension as drugs which reduce the tension of the sympathetic nerve. A surprising finding was the diminution or complete disappearance of cardiac hypertrophy in this treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antihypertensive effect of isradipine on blood pressure at rest and during exercise.

After three months of treatment with isradipine, 20 patients with mild hypertension had reduced their resting blood pressure (BP) from 157/103 to 132/85 mm Hg and their BP during isometric exercise from 192/124 to 166/105 mm Hg. The isradipine dose necessary to normalize BP (both at rest and post-exercise) was 1.25 mg twice daily (2 x 1/2 tablet) in 50% of patients and 2.5 mg twice daily (2 x 1 tablet) in 25%. In the remaining 25% of patients, isradipine was combined with 1 mg/day bopindolol. There were virtually no accompanying side effects; in particular, reflex tachycardia was negligible or absent. It is concluded that isradipine is a reliable antihypertensive treatment in mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[Use of the postural test in stress echocardiography].

The authors introduced and evaluated the clinical importance of the echocardiographic positional test for the detection of left ventricular insufficiency after exercise. They found that in decompensated ischaemic patients, contrary to healthy subjects, left ventricular ejection indicators deteriorate. Latent left ventricular weakness in ischaemic patients without clinical signs of heart failure is revealed by positional reduction of the rate of shortening of the circumferential fibre. The authors conclude that this test does not fully replace the work load examination. The change of position is, however, a simple, preliminary functional test which may be useful in patients with ischaemic heart disease for checking treatment, rehabilitation and the selection of subjects for further aimed examinations.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Diastolic function of the left ventricle in incipient hypertension].

The authors provide evidence that changes of diastolic indicators precede in incipient hypertension the impaired left ventricular function. In marginal hypertonics and in particular in stage 1 hypertonics they found by echocardiography that, as compared with healthy normotonic subjects, sings of impaired relaxation in the early diastole. This is apparent from the significant prolongation of the time constant of relaxation at rest and the maximal speed of relaxation which are due to the early filling of the left ventricle. To increase the sensitivity of the echocardiographic examination of left ventricular functions the isometric loading test proved useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Echocardiographic orientation evaluation of the function of the left heart ventricle].

The authors discuss the possibility to make use of a simple echocardiographic indicator of left ventricular function--the angle formed by the anterior cusp of the mitral valve and the line of the interventricular septum, assessed from a four-chamber tracing (angle M). Based on echocardiographic examination of 87 subjects they established their own standards. They consider values above 30 degrees as pathological, suggesting impaired left ventricular function. The M angle correlates significantly with invasive (final diastolic pressure in the left ventricle, ejection fraction) and with non-invasive (top speed of shortening of the circumferential fibre) indicators of left ventricular function. The authors assume that this simple, quick screening of left ventricular function will prove helpful, in particular in subjects where visualization by one-dimensional echocardiography from a parasternal approach is difficult. In practice it can be also applied for evaluation of left ventricular function during loads, in particular in dynamic echocardiography.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical effects of isosorbide dinitrate in the transdermal spray (TD Spray Iso Mack) form].

The authors report on their experience with the transdermal spray, TD spray Iso Mack. Using a graded ergometric test, the authors examined 11 patients with angina on exertion before and 60 minutes after administration of 60 mg of the effective substance by the transdermal route. The average threshold of ischaemia and work tolerance increased significantly and the ECG depression of segment S-T receded. In an open trial six patients were investigated with angina on exertion during three-week treatment with the spray--twice a day 60 mg by the transdermal route--as compared with standard treatment. The number of attacks and consumption of sublingual nitroglycerin decreased significantly. Five patients were subjected to haemodynamic examination before and repeatedly after application of 60 mg of the spray. A significant drop of the filling pressures occurred which persisted for 6 to 8 hours.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in blood pressure in mild forms of hypertension after long-term physical training].

The authors submit the results of a long-term study of the treatment of mild hypertension by physical training. Its advantage, as compared with medicamentous treatment, is the physiological effect on the organism, its financially unpretentious character, and if the population is seriously informed, its wide application. The authors found in general a poor approach to physical activity, in particular among young people due to lack of information on the importance of physical activity. They conclude that physical training is the method of choice in the treatment of mild forms of hypertension. The blood pressure attained normal levels after this treatment in liminal hypertonics as well as hypertonics stage I.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Calcium antagonists and heat-induced hepatic injury.

Several laboratories have demonstrated the value of the isolated perfused rat liver as a suitable model for heat-induced hepatic injury in vivo. Membrane changes caused by perfusion of rat livers at 42 degrees C for 90 min were similar to those induced by toxic chemicals or hypoxia. In an evaluation of several categories of drugs reported to reduce cell injury, calcium antagonists (nifedipine, dantrolene, and verapamil), were evaluated for their therapeutic potential for heat injury. Isolated rat livers were perfused at 42 degrees C for 90 min with and without calcium antagonists. Livers were also perfused at 37 degrees C. Potassium and transaminase leakage, bile production and ultrastructure were used to evaluate their responses. Neither of the three calcium antagonists significantly improved any of the functional parameters measured. However, dantrolene produced dilated or vesicular rough endoplasmic reticulum in the heated livers. These changes suggest selective intracellular action on endoplasmic reticulum of heated livers. Ring-shaped mitochondria and vesicular endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the heated, verapamil-treated livers, but these could not be quantitatively distinguished from controls. Nifedipine did not appear to alter intracellular membranes, but did increase bile production.

Animals↗