The distribution of red cell acid phosphatase types in 3244 unrelated Polish adults is reported. Gene frequencies Pa = 0.3594, Pb = 0.5643 and Pc = 0.0763 were obtained. In a forensic case of disputed paternity an apparent mother/child incompatibility respect to red cell acid phosphatase was found, the mother appearing as type B and the child as type A. Determination of acid phosphatase activity suggested the presence of a silent gene Po. The phosphatase levels were about half the values expected as determined in 237 adults representing the different phenotypes.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of drugs from blood and tissues with XAD-2 bags.

Nylon bags containing 2-g portions of Amberlite XAD-2 resin were used for systematic analysis of drugs in biosamples. The procedure requires 10 or less grams of material, two XAD-2 bags, and enables rapid and economical isolation of most common drugs. The method was demonstrated on autopsy blood spiked withe 19 of the most common drugs, and was routinely used in cases of fatal and non-fatal poisoning. The eluates were clean and suitable for direct gas chromatographic and ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis. The procedure used appeared more convenient than XAD-2 column extraction procedures. Classic solvent extraction methods were usually less efficient.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vitreous humour as reliable material for ethylene glycol determination.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Enzymic hydrolysis of tissues before XAD-2 extraction in poisoning cases.

Samples of blood, liver and brain taken from 13 cases of fatal poisoning with barbiturates, antidepressants, phenothiazines and anticonvulsants were digested with trypsin and beta-glucuronidase. The concentrations of drugs were higher in hydrolyzed livers in barbiturate and phenothiazine poisonings. In the case of diazepam, phenytoin, carbamazepine, amitriptyline, imipramine and chloroprothixene poisonings the results obtained after enzymic hydrolysis were the same or worse than in controls. The blood levels of drugs in non-fatal poisonings with diazepam, doxepin and chlorpromazine were similar in samples digested with trypsin and in controls. All samples were extracted with Amberlite XAD-2 resin by XAD-2 Bag technique.

Anticonvulsants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The rare silent gene Po of human red cell acid phosphatase in a second family in Poland.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of short, wide-bore capillary columns in GC toxicological screening.

The usefulness of wide-bore, thick film capillary columns for routine toxicological screening was assessed. Two such columns were examined: fused silica CPSil 5CB (i.d., 0.53 mm; length, 10 m; film thickness, 5.2 microns) and glass SPB-1 (i.d. 0.75 mm; length, 30 m; film thickness, 1.0 micron). A standard packed column filled with 3% OV-1 (i.d., 2 mm; length, 1.5 m) and a medium-bore fused silica column CPSil 5 (i.d., 0.32 mm; length, 25 m; film thickness, 0.4 micron) were examined for comparison. Mixtures of alkanes and drugs, as well as biological samples from routine casework, were analyzed. Both types of wide-bore columns proved to be very useful in routine toxicological practice, due to satisfactory efficiency, high capacity, and ease of installation. The retention index values of various drugs, examined on wide-bore columns, were in agreement with the reference database obtained from packed columns.

Autopsy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of biological matrix on retention behaviour and identification possibilities of selected neutral and acidic drugs in thin layer chromatography. An interlaboratory investigation.

Samples of autopsy blood and liver were spiked individually with aminophenazone, p-aminosalicylic acid, clordiazepoxide, clonazepam, cyclobarbital, furosemide, medazepam, phenacetin, phenazone, and phenobarbital and extracted with diethyl ether at pH 5. The extracts, as well as solutions of pure drugs, were developed in three thin layer chromatographic systems: chloroform:acetone (80:20), ethyl acetate:methanol:ammonia (85:10:5) and chloroform:methanol (90:10). The investigations performed in parallel in two laboratories showed that the intra- and inter-laboratory variability of RF values is larger for drugs extracted from liver. The biological matrix affected both precision and accuracy of results. The number of analysts involved in TLC procedures also affected the intra-laboratory precision.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Corrected retention indices in HPLC: their use for the identification of acidic and neutral drugs.

Thirty-seven selected acidic and neutral drugs were analyzed by HPLC with two-step gradient elution and nine different ODS silica columns. The retention index values (RI) for drugs were calculated against a series of alkyl-arylketones and corrected according to the procedure described earlier. The correction procedure decreased the intercolumn variability of the RI values, and the differences between the RI values obtained for the reference column and other columns substantially declined after correction. The mean standard deviation of uncorrected RI values, calculated for all drugs analyzed on 9 columns, amounted to 25 RI units (range 8 to 40). After correction, the mean standard deviation was 15 RI units (range 3 to 26). The method proved to be suitable for the comparison of results obtained with commercially different ODS silica columns.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗