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M Bonneau

Publications and source records attributed to M Bonneau.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork meat quality of Meishan, Pietrain, and crossbred gilts.

Seventeen to twenty-three females of lean (Pietrain, PI), fat (Meishan, MS), or intermediate genotype (PI x [3/4 Large White x 1/4 MS]), referred to as crossbred (CR), were injected between 60 and 100 kg live weight with 6 mg/d of porcine somatotropin (pST) and compared to similar numbers of control females receiving the vehicle only. Average daily gain increased similarly in the three genotypes (125 g/d). Feed conversion ratio tended to decrease to a higher extent in MS (-2.0 kg of feed/kg of gain) than in the other two genotypes (-1.1 and -.9 kg of feed/kg of gain for CR and PI, respectively). A significant genotype x treatment interaction was also observed for backfat thickness (BF) and fat, muscle, and bone development. Effects of pST in PI, CR, and MS pigs were, respectively, -6.2, -9.6, and -16.1 mm for BF and 3.0, 6.8, and 11.8% carcass muscle. The influence of pST on physical measurements of meat quality was rather low, although desirable effects (P less than .05) were obtained on the reflectance and water-holding capacity of PI and CR. Intramuscular fat content was reduced by approximately 1% in MS and CR but not in PI. The metatarsals of pST-treated animals had a higher water content (except in PI), a lower mineralization, and a lower breaking strength (except in MS). The existence of breed variations in the response to pST might result in changes of the relative merit of crossbreeding schemes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

[Two novel reciprocal translocations involving chromosome 6 in the domestic pig].

In the present study 2 new reciprocal translocations are described in two hypoprolific boars. The first one, a Gascon/Meishan boar, has produced a mean value of 7.37 +/- 0.69 piglets, vs 12.41 +/- 0.22 piglets per litter in contemporaries. The second one, a Pietrain/Large-White boar, has produced a mean of 5.42 +/- 0.69 vs 12.41 +/- 0.22 piglets per litter in contemporaries. Each of these animals carries a new chromosome translocation involving chromosomes 6, 8 and 15, respectively. The first translocation seems to be a de novo occurring abnormality. The economic consequences of these abnormalities are discussed. Carrier of the gene HAL, the abnormal chromosomes 6 involved in these translocations are important, and could useful markers in gene mapping and flow cytometry studies in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of synaptonemal complexes in two fertile heterozygous boars, both carriers of a reciprocal translocation involving an acrocentric chromosome.

An electron microscopic study of synaptonemal complexes in two heterozygous fertile boars, one a carrier of a 4;14 reciprocal translocation and the second a carrier of this translocation associated with a 3;7 reciprocal translocation, is reported. The results showed heterologous pairing in almost all quadrivalents, as well as a lack of XY-quadrivalent association. This seemed to be a common feature of translocations in pigs, even if at least one acrocentric chromosome is involved, and may represent a significant meiotic mechanism that prevents spermatocyte loss, while the production of genetically unbalanced gametes leads to loss of progeny through abortion.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cytosol androgen receptors in guinea pig brain and pituitary.

Cytosol androgen receptors were assayed in guinea pig brain and pituitary tissues, using [3H]R1881 as ligand. These receptors had an apparent Kd of 0.04 nM and were androgen-specific (R1881 greater than dihydrotestosterone greater than testosterone = estradiol greater than progesterone). Concentrations of cytosol androgen receptors in castrated adult male guinea pigs were 12.2, 11.6, 6.9, 2.6 and 1.3 fmol per mg protein in anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, medial preoptic area, amygdala and cortex, respectively. No significant differences in receptor levels were observed between castrated adult males and females. The concentration of androgen receptors was significantly lower in the hypothalamus, medial preoptic area and anterior pituitary of castrated neonatal males than in castrated adult male guinea pigs. The systemic injection of the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, had no significant influence on androgen receptor levels in castrated males in any brain area.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Effects of age and live weight on fat 5 alpha-androstenone levels in young boars fed two planes of nutrition.

The aim of the present experiment was to determine whether age, live weight, or a combination of both, was the most important factor influencing fat 5 alpha-androstenone levels in male pigs. Three groups of 50 boars each were fed either on a liberal plane of nutrition (CTRL group) or were restricted (SW and SA groups). Fat 5 alpha-androstenone was measured three times in each pig (on biopsies at two different times and at slaughter) at either the same live weight (SW) or at the same age (SA) as CTRL boars. In addition, the genital tract was dissected at slaughter. SW boars (aged 169 days) exhibited higher fat 5 alpha-androstenone levels than CTRL boars (aged 139 days) when the first biopsy was taken at 80 kg of live weight (1.2 vs 0.8 microgram/g; P less than 0.05). By the time of the second biopsy (100 kg of live weight) and at slaughter (125 kg) there was no significant difference between the SW and CTRL groups, although the SW were 43-55 days older than the CTRL. At all three measurement times, fat 5 alpha-androstenone was lower in SA than in CTRL boars which were 21-36 kg heavier (0.5 vs 0.8 micrograms/g at 139 days; 0.9 vs 1.3 micrograms/g at 160 days; 1.2 vs 2.0 micrograms/g at 185 days; P less than 0.001). Partial correlations between fat 5 alpha-androstenone and age were significant at the first biopsy, whereas partial correlations with live weight were significant at all three times of measurement. In SA boars weighing 90 kg there was a significant correlation between fat 5 alpha-androstenone and all the developmental traits of the genital tract. In SW and CTRL pigs weighing 125 kg, fat 5 alpha-androstenone was significantly correlated with accessory sex gland development but not with testis or epididymis weight. From the present data it is concluded that both age and live weight had a significant effect on fat 5 alpha-androstenone levels in young, light boars. In older, heavier boars, age had no effect per se but live weight still had a significant influence on 5 alpha-androstenone concentrations. In boars weighing 90 kg, fat 5 alpha-androstenone level depended on sexual maturity. When the animals were sexually mature at 125 kg of live weight, 5 alpha-androstenone level depended on the individual's potentiality for steroid production, which is probably under genetic control.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Effects of age and live weight on the sexual development of gilts and boars fed two planes of nutrition.

The aim of the present study was to determine the respective influences of age and live weight on the sexual development of boars and gilts. The Large White animals used were fed on a liberal plane of nutrition close to ad libitum (CTRL group) or restricted on a live weight basis (SA and SW groups). CTRL and SW pigs were slaughtered and their genital tracts examined at 125 kg of live weight; those in the SA group were slaughtered and examined at the same age as their CTRL littermates. Control and SA boars and gilts were about 180 and 200 days old, respectively, while SW boars and gilts were about 240 and 260 days old, respectively. The SA group pigs weighed about 90 kg. Testis weight was influenced by live weight but not by age, while epididymis and seminal vesicle weights and bulbourethral gland weight and length were dependent on both age and live weight. Age had a significant influence on puberty attainment in gilts while live weight had nearly no effect. Percentages of cyclic gilts in the CTRL, SW and SA groups were 32, 79 and 20, respectively. Ovarian weight was mainly dependent on live weight in cyclic as well as in prepuberal gilts. In the latter animals, the weight and length of uterine horns and cervix were influenced by both age and live weight, whereas in cyclic gilts the only obvious effect was that of age on uterine horn weight. Season of birth (autumn vs spring) had no effect on the puberty attainment of gilts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Molecular characterization and comparison of 38 virulent and temperate bacteriophages of Streptococcus lactis.

Thirty-three virulent and five temperate phages of Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris were differentiated into three groups by DNA homology. A complete lack of DNA homology was demonstrated between the phage groups. Within each group, large parts of the phage genomes were homologous except for a few phages. One group consisted of five temperate and two virulent phages suggesting that virulent phages isolated during abnormal fermentations and temperate phages isolated after induction from lactic streptococcal starter cultures may be related to one another. We observed a good correlation between the grouping of phages by DNA homology and by their protein composition since within the same DNA homology group, the protein composition of a phage exhibited some similarities with that of the other phages of the group. Therefore, the DNA homologies seemed to be located, at least, in the region coding for the structural proteins. By immunoblotting, we confirmed the relatedness between the proteins of the phages belonging to the same DNA homology group. The important host range factor in bacterium-phage interactions appeared to be an unreliable criterion in determining phage taxonomy.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1986

[Active immunization of male pigs against gonadoliberin: effect on the secretion of gonadotropic hormones and on 5 alpha-androst-16-ene-one levels in adipose tissue].

27 boars aged 100 days were allocated to 3 experimental groups. The control group was untreated. The 2 other groups were given injections of LHRH, bound to BSA, with either Freund complete adjuvant or alumina gel. 4 immunisations were achieved at weekly intervals and a fifth injection was performed after 4 weeks. In animals treated with alumina gel, no specific antibodies were obtained. In the other hand, all 9 boars treated with FCA exhibited significant titers of specific anti-LHRH antibodies. In these animals, the neutralisation of blood LHRH induced a significant decline in both LH and FSH concentrations. Consequently, fat androstenone levels dropped dramatically, down to low levels, similar to those observed in surgically castrated males.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Human placenta-eluted gammaglobulins in immunomodulating treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Thirty-one patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis were treated with intravenous perfusion of human placenta-eluted gammaglobulins. These gammaglobulins, which are IgG eluted from placental tissue, have strong immunomodulating properties in vitro. Several clinical trials were tested to find the optimal useful dosage. A 50 percent improvement was considered a good result and was obtained in 60 percent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best results were obtained in patients receiving 1,500 mg daily seven days each month. Six subjects had a long remission of their disease after the end of treatment. The side effects were usually minor. In all patients, an immunostimulation of lymphocyte function was shown, even when they had no improvement. A control group of patients underwent perfusion with IgG from placental blood without any clinical or immunologic effect. It is suggested that the in vivo effects of placenta-eluted gammaglobulins might be mediated by polyspecific anti-HLA-DR antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A note on the metabolism of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one in the young boar in vivo.

The metabolism of plasma 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one (androstenone) was studied in two young boars weighing about 100 kg in which a single dose of tritiated androstenone was injected intravenously. The peripheral blood of one boar was continuously sampled for 6 h after injection; the total radioactivity per liter of plasma increased up to 14 min after the injection, and then declined rather slowly since plasma radioactivity was still measurable 7 days after injection. The metabolic clearance rate of androstenone was calculated to be about 80 000 liters per day. This quick disappearance of plasma androstenone was probably mainly due to storage in fatty tissue and, to a lesser extent, to catabolism into 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 alpha-ol, 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-ol and particularly into unknown more polar compounds of which there were at least three. Radioactivity was mainly eliminated in the urine in the form of the same unknown polar compounds.

Androstenes↗
PubMed1982

Immunomodulating effect of human placenta-eluted gamma globulins in rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients who had active and severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with human placenta-eluted gamma globulins (PEGG) composed of purified IgG eluted from trophoblastic cells. A control group of RA patients received retroplacental gamma globulins with no clinical effects. Seven of eleven treatments with PEGG showed good (4 patients) or very good (3 patients) clinical results. All patients had immunologic modifications demonstrated by a significant increase in active E-rosette-forming cells and mitogen responsiveness. The precise mechanism of immunomodulating effect of PEGG should be further investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Relationships between fat and plasma androstenone and plasma testosterone in fatty and lean young boars during growth and after hCG stimulation.

The effect of weight of fatty tissue on fat and plasma androstenone and on plasma testosterone relationships in the young boar was studied. For this purpose, hCG stimulation of steroid testicular production was performed in 12 boars and fat androstenone concentration subsequently measured. In addition plasma androstenone and testosterone were determined in 8 of them, previously cannulated. The results show that: 1) although plasma testosterone response to hCG stimulation was similar in all boars, fat and plasma androstenone responses were very variable between boars, 2) weight of fatty tissue appeared to have little influence, if any, on androstenone exchanges between plasma and fatty tissue and 3) plasma androstenone/testosterone ratio appeared to be less variable within boars than between boars. The data show that there is probably some between-boars-variability in the respective rates of elimination of testosterone and androstenone.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Relationships between fat and plasma androstenone and plasma testosterone in fatty and lean young boars following castration.

The effect of weight of fatty tissue on fat and plasma androstenone and on plasma testosterone relationships was studied in the young boar following castration. For this purpose, 9 boars were castrated at 175 days of age, plasma steroid levels were determined daily up to 10 days after orchidectomy and fat androstenone concentration was measured 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after castration. The results show that the apparent half-life of stored androstenone is very variable between boars (range: 4 to 14 days) and do not depend on the weight of fatty tissue. The rate of elimination of plasma androstenone is also very variable between boars. The rate of disappearance of fat androstenone following castration does not depend on the rate of androstenone release from fatty tissue to peripheral plasma but is more likely dependent on the intensity of plasma androstenone catabolism and elimination. Therefore, fat androstenone concentration in the intact boar is almost only depending on the equilibrium between the respective rates of testicular production and elimination.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

[The action of antilymphocyte serum in severe aplastic anemia (author's transl)].

The etiology of aplastic anemia is unknown. A stem cell lesion caused by a toxic or a virus or a microenvironment defect are the main hypothesis. An auto-immune origin has been recently suspected but never proved. To demonstrate the auto-immune origin of the disease. We have treated 17 patients with severe aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte serum (ALS). Nine patients showed no improvement and seven patients died within two months of infectious or hemorrhagic complications. In contrast, eight patients had a prompt rise of granulocytes and reticulocytes counts. Although the hematological reconstitution is not complete. This eight patients are still alive between 4 months and 15 months after treatment. This study shows that A.L.G. may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte globulin and androgens.

The etiology of aplastic anemia is unknown. A stem cell lesion caused by a toxin, virus or microenvironment defect is the main hypothesis. An autoimmune origin has been recently suspected. In an attempt to demonstrate the autoimmune origin of the disease, 17 patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). Nine patients showed no improvement, developed infectious or hemorrhagic complications and died within 1 to 7 months. In contrast, eight patients had a prompt rise of granulocyte and reticulocyte counts. Although the hematological reconstitution is not complete, these eight patients are still alive between 11 months and 24 months after treatment. This study shows that ALG may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗