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Biomedical subjects

M Bornstein

Publications and source records attributed to M Bornstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Long-term follow-up of 37 patients with retrofixation of the temporomandibular joint disk 1987-1995].

Between January 1986 and December 1995 64 patients with anterior disc displacement were operated on, the technique being disc retrofixation. Follow-up of 37 patients was possible. Successful treatment was determined using the following criteria: one single operation, the clinical examination and the patient's opinion. The operative treatment was considered as unsuccessful if the patient had to undergo more than one operation or if, postoperatively, the clinical symptoms remained unchanged or even increased. 6 out of 37 patients were operated on twice or three times, another four patients postoperatively complained of unchanged or increased clinical symptoms. Using these criteria, disc retrofixation was ineffective in 30%. Using the correct anatomic position as an additional criterion of effective treatment, unsuccessful retrofixation would be even more than 30%. As a consequence we no longer recommend this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Stability of levofloxacin in intravenous solutions in polyvinyl chloride bags.

The stability of levofloxacin in 10 commonly used infusion fluids was studied. Levofloxacin 25-mg/mL injection was diluted to 0.5 and 5 mg/mL in each of the following i.v. infusion fluids: 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection, 5% sodium bicarbonate injection, Plasma-Lyte 56 and 5% dextrose injection, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride and 0.15% potassium chloride injection, 1/6 M sodium lactate injection, sterile water for injection, and 20% mannitol injection. Ten polyvinyl chloride bags were prepared for each solution; two were stored for 3 days at 25 degrees C, two for 7 days at 5 degrees C, two for 14 days at 5 degrees C, two for 13 weeks at -20 degrees C followed by 14 days at 5 degrees C, and two for 26 weeks at -20 degrees C, all in the dark. The solutions were visually examined, tested for turbidity and particulate matter, and subjected to stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography; solution pH was determined. Levofloxacin was stable in and compatible with all but two of the diluents tested. Precipitation occurred under all conditions in 20% mannitol injection for the 0.5-mg/mL levofloxacin concentration and after storage for 13 weeks at -20 degrees C for the 5-mg/mL concentration. Levofloxacin 0.5 mg/mL in 5% sodium bicarbonate injection formed a precipitate when stored at -20 degrees C for 13 weeks and beyond. Levofloxacin 0.5 and 5 mg/mL was compatible with and stable in 8 of the 10 infusion fluids studied.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1993

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibits cyclic AMP-activated but not calcium-activated cell volume reduction in a human pancreatic duct cell line.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a defect in cAMP-regulated chloride channels in epithelial cells. The CF gene product CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, and mutant CFTR accounts for the pathology in the CF pancreas. PANC 1, a pancreatic duct cell line, has not been considered a good model for studying CFTR and pancreatic chloride transport because CFTR mRNA and protein are undetectable using standard methods. Using electronic cell sizing and cell volume reduction under isotonic conditions, PANC 1 cells were found to possess both cAMP and calcium-activated chloride conductances. Using CFTR antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, the cAMP-activated conductance could be specifically inhibited in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that PANC 1 cells express CFTR and a CFTR-independent calcium-activated chloride channel. With electronic cell sizing and CFTR antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, PANC 1 cells can provide an ideal system for the study of pancreatic duct cell physiology and pathophysiology with respect to the role of CFTR in the pancreas. These findings also suggest that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides may provide a more sensitive yet highly specific means of detecting low levels of expression of CFTR than currently available.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1992

Stability of an ofloxacin injection in various infusion fluids.

The stability of ofloxacin was evaluated in 10 different infusion fluids under various storage conditions. Solutions of ofloxacin (0.4 mg/mL and 4.0 mg/mL) were prepared in (1) 0.9% sodium chloride injection; (2) 5% dextrose injection; (3) 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection; (4) 5% dextrose and lactated Ringer's injection; (5) 5% sodium bicarbonate injection; (6) Plasma-Lyte 56 and 5% dextrose injection; (7) 5% dextrose, 0.45% sodium chloride, and 0.15% potassium chloride injection; (8) 1/6 M sodium lactate injection; (9) water for injection; and (10) 20% mannitol injection. Each solution was injected into polyvinyl chloride bags and stored at (1) 24 degrees C for 3 days, (2) 5 degrees C for 7 days, (3) 5 degrees C for 14 days, (4) -20 degrees C for 13 weeks and then 5 degrees C for 14 days, or (5) -20 degrees C for 26 weeks and then 5 degrees C, for 14 days. Samples were assayed initially and after storage by high-performance liquid chromatography and examined for visual clarity, pH, turbidity, and particulates. Ofloxacin was stable in all solutions and under all storage conditions. All of the solutions were clear, pH was stable, and particulate-matter counts were acceptable under all storage conditions (except for the 20% mannitol solution, which formed crystals at 5 degrees C and -20 degrees C). An injectable formulation of ofloxacin was stable for at least 3 days at 24 degrees C, 14 days at 5 degrees C, and 26 weeks at -20 degrees C in all tested infusion fluids. Crystals formed in refrigerated or frozen solutions prepared with 20% mannitol injection.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1988

In vitro spinal cord trauma.

Fetal mouse spinal cord explants were harvested and allowed to grow in Maximow chambers. Normal appearing matured cultures were subjected to a brief episode of impact trauma by dropping the flat surface of 25 to 105 mg dressmaker's pins from a height of 10 cm directly onto the exposed surface of the culture. Light and electron microscopic studies at selected posttrauma intervals revealed discrete foci of necrosis preceded or accompanied by nerve fiber changes (granular axoplasm, vesicular myelin, pleomorphic spheroids) identical with those documented in spinal cord trauma in vivo. Although no inherent calcification was observed, calcium was added to some of the traumatized cultures and it was subsequently localized by pyroantimonate in the axoplasm; within mitochondria, adjacent to neurofilaments, and in the cytosol. The study indicates that the morphologic sequence of events of spinal cord trauma in vitro are similar to those observed in vivo, and that the latter may occur in the absence of vascular injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Infection of organotypic cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia with Trypanosoma cruzi.

Although the involvement of the nervous system in Chagas' disease is well described, the mechanism of the neuronal destruction is unclear. Immunologic, toxic mechanisms and direct invasion have been advocated. Organotypic cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion derived from Swiss outbred mice were infected with the Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies were performed at regular intervals. It was found that trypomastigotes were rapidly taken up by glial and other supporting cells. Neurons were rarely parasitized and demyelination was not evident. Loss of several cytoskeletal components was seen. Dendrites were swollen and axons lost their normal filamentous structures but synaptic membranes remained intact. Mitochondrial swelling was evident even in nonparasitized neurons from infected cultures. By 7-10 days of infection the majority of neurons lost their typical morphology and were eventually destroyed by mechanisms other than direct parasite invasion. Organotypic cultures exposed to T. cruzi-conditioned medium exhibited no change in morphology. Since neurons were found only rarely to be parasitized, it is suggested that neuronal destruction is an indirect result of the parasitism of supporting cells such as glial cells and macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Moxalactam disodium compatibility with intramuscular and intravenous diluents.

The stability of moxalactam disodium with mannitol injection in combination with intramuscular and intravenous diluents was investigated. Solutions were stored in original glass containers stoppered with butyl rubber closures or in polyvinyl chloride bags. Five diluents were evaluated at an intramuscular concentration of moxalactam 1 g (as the disodium salt) in 3 ml of diluent. Twenty intravenous diluents were evaluated with moxalactam 1 g (as the disodium salt) in 50 or 500 ml of diluent. High-performance liquid chromatography, polarography, thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometric color evaluations, nephelometry, and pH determinations were performed. Solutions were assayed initially after reconstitution and stored for subsequent assay at refrigerator (5 degrees C) and room (25 degrees C) temperatures. The moxalactam disodium solutions were stable for up to 96 hours when stored at 5 degrees C or 24 hours when stored at 25 degrees C. The color, clarity, and TLC data were satisfactory for all diluent combinations tested. Polarographic, HPLC, and TLC data showed that the degradation products remained within acceptable limits when stored for 96 hours at 5 degrees C or 24 hours at 25 degrees C. The slight pH changes were within regulatory limits for moxalactam. The moxalactam disodium solutions maintained at least 90% of initial potency for up to 96 hours when stored in a refrigerator. If kept at room temperature, the reconstituted solutions should be used within 24 hours.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1980

Stability of frozen solutions of cefamandole nafate.

The chemical, microbiological and visual stability of frozen solutions of cefamandole nafate was studied. Solutions of cefamandole nafate were prepared by diluting 1 g of drug with 3 ml of Water for Injection, USP, or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP (i.m. dilutions); or with 50 or 100 ml of the latter two diluents (i.v. dilutions). Stability of samples stored in glass and polyvinyl chloride plastic containers for up to 52 weeks at -10 and -20 C was measured by microbiologic, polarographic, iodometric, nephelometric and chromatographic assay and pH was measured. In mice, LD50 tests were performed using the i.m. dilutions. I.M. dilutions of cefamandole nafate were stable for 52 weeks when stored at -20 C; at -10 C, however, some samples did not freeze completely and were turbid when thawed. I.V. dilutions were stable for 26 weeks when stored at -20 C. I.V. dilutions with D5W stored at -10 C developed a transient haze. A gradual decrease in pH, which was a function of storage time, was noted for the frozen solutions. Six months of freezing did not alter the LD50 in mice. Solutions of cefamandole nafate are stable for at least 26 weeks when stored at -20 C in glass or PVC containers.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of a congenitally blind musician.

During the last two decades the unique developmental difficulties of blind children have been the source of important psychoanalytic investigations and have enriched our clinical and theoretical understanding of the ego in both sighted and blind children. In this paper I describe insight gained from the analysis of a congenitally blind musician.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Stability of frozen solutions of cefazolin sodium.

The stability of frozen solutions of cefazolin sodium was investigated in nine commonly used diluents at concentrations of 1 g with 2.5 ml, 500 mg with 100 ml and 10 g with 45 ml in both glass and polyvinylchloride plastic containers. The diluents were: Water for Injection USP; 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP; 5% Dextrose Injection USP (D5W); D5W with 0.02% sodium bicarbonate; D5W in Lactated Ringer's Injection USP; Lactated Ringer's Injection USP; Ionosol B in D5W; Normasol M in D5W; and Plasmalyte in D5W. Frozen cefazolin sodium solutions, containing Water for Injection USP, 5% Dextrose Inection USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP as the diluents, retained more than 90% of labeled potency for up to 26 weeks when frozen within one hour after reconstitution and held at -10 C or -20 C. Frozen cefazolin sodium solutions, made with other diluents, were stable for up to four weeks when frozen within one hour after reconstitution and held at -10 C.

Animals↗