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Biomedical subjects

M Boukobza

Publications and source records attributed to M Boukobza.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Cervicofacial superficial venous malformations and developmental abnormalities of the cerebral venous system].

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral developmental venous anomalies (DVA) are uncommon trajectories of the brain venous drainage. They must be differentiated from cavernomas. Patients with head-and-neck venous malformations can have DVA in their brain, a finding much more frequent than in general population. OBSERVATIONS: Three patients had DVA in their brain; this was an incidental discovery when investigating their facial or cervical superficial venous anomalies using arteriography, CT, MRI and MRA. COMMENT: DVA are uncommon variations of the brain venous system. In a vast majority of patients, this anatomical variant appears to be tolerated well, in contrast to cerebral cavernoma that can cause intracranial hemorrhage and neurologic symptoms. We want to stress the fact that the frequency of DVA occurring in patients with cervicofacial VM is much higher than in general population. This pattern is often a fortuitous finding in the work-up of these patients and it must be known in order to stop confusing it with true cerebral venous "angioma": the carvernoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cervical occult spinal dysraphism: MRI findings and the value of a vascular birthmark.

Spinal dysraphism is easily recognized in the overt form as a meningocele or myelomeningocele. The closed form or occult spinal dysraphism (OSD) can be overlooked. It occurs predominantly at the lumbosacral level, but OSD at the cervical level, although very rare, also occurs. The value of magnetic resonance imaging investigations in preparation for surgical treatment is emphasized. We discuss the value of various midline posterior skin anomalies as indicators of an underlying developmental defect in the neural axis. Hallmarks for OSD in the inferior third of the back are well known. They can also occur at the cervical level. Among these warning cutaneous midline changes, a vascular stain alone is rarely a clue for OSD whatever the spinal level involved, and specifically in the nuchal area.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Spinal epidural haematoma: report of 11 cases and review of the literature.

Spinal epidural haematomas (SEH) are rare; most are caused by trauma, anticoagulant therapy, vascular anomalies, hypertension, blood dyscrasias, epidural anaesthesia or, rarely, spinal surgery. We report 11 cases and review the literature (16 cases). The clinical picture is that of acute spinal cord compression. MRI characteristics are quite specific. On sagittal sections, the SEH appears as a biconvex mass, dorsal to the thecal sac, clearly outlined and with tapering superior and inferior margins. The dura mater is seen as curvilinear low signal separating the haematoma from the cord. Within 24 h of onset, the haematoma is isointense with the cord on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous on T2-weighted images. Later, it gives high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Differential diagnosis must include subdural haematoma, epidural neoplasm and abscess. Complete neurological recovery rapidly follows laminectomy and removal of the clot. In three of our cases, the haematoma resolved spontaneously. MRI is the best examination for diagnostic and follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: magnetic resonance imaging.

We report the clinical and imaging features of a paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Raised CSF protein caused an unusual appearance of the spinal canal below the obstruction. No specific identifying features were encountered; paraganglioma is uncommon in this site and usually thought to be an ependymoma or a neuroma; histopathological examination is necessary for correct diagnosis.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1993

MRI evaluation of sacral cysts.

Sacral cysts or intrasacral sacral meningeal cysts constitute a well-defined entity. Their clinical presentation is protean. Few cases have been reported concerning their MR aspects. From a series of six patients, the authors present the MR images. MRI is the examination of choice to demonstrate their liquid content. MRI provides a good evaluation of the lesion, and sagittal images show the intrasacral development. MRI scan appears to be superior to CT scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Thoracic disc herniation and spinal cord compression. MRI and gadolinium-enhancement.

The authors present a study of 6 patients aimed at assessing the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with gadolinium-enhancement in the diagnosis of thoracic disc herniation. The results of MRI were compared with the findings of computed tomography, myelography and surgery. In two patients, the signal from the herniated disc was so low on all sequences that thoracic disc herniation was diagnosed only on the mass effect on the cord. The anterior longitudinal epidural venous plexus (AEVP) is displaced posteriorly and thickened in case of thoracic disc herniation. Gadolinium-enhancement of AEVP was marked in these conditions, giving a "tent-like" round configuration, or "lifted band" appearance. The exact volume and mass effect of the thoracic disc herniation were assessed by T1-enhanced images on the sagittal and axial planes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Choroid plexus papillomas of the posterior fossa in adults: MR imaging and gadolinium enhancement. Report of four cases and review of the literature.

Four cases of benign choroid plexus papillomas of the posterior fossa in adults are reported: two papillomas developed in the fourth ventricle, one in the cerebellopontine angle, and one extended from the fourth ventricle to the cerebellopontine angle. CT, MRI and surgical findings are described. The MRI characteristics on T1 and T2-weighted sequences are compared with those already published. In three cases the tumour signal observed after gadolinium enhancement was intense and homogeneous. The paramagnetic contrast agent provided direct visualization and better discrimination of papilloma location and extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Occlusion of the vertebral artery (100 personal cases)].

Occlusion of the vertebral artery is usually due to atherosclerosis. According to the site and extension of the arterial lesions 3 clinico-pathologico-angiographic situations can be encountered: segmental occlusion (proximal: V1 or distal: V3, V4), multisegmental (mainly V1-V2, sometimes V1-V2-V3) or extensive (V1 or V4). Subsequent infarctions are localized in ipsilateral cerebellar lobes and ipsilateral lateral part of the medulla oblongata; supra-medullary involvement is rare and indicates a propagation of the vertebral thrombus into the basilar artery. Cerebellar, vestibular or cerebello-vestibular strokes and Wallenberg's syndrome are the more frequent clinical disorders. They are often preceded by occipito-cervical headache. Contrary to a common belief, the vital risk in vertebral artery occlusion is not negligible. Among 160 cases, 100 of which are personal, mortality was 25%. In fact benign segmental and proximal occlusion adequately compensated, specially when isolated, must be opposed to segmental distal occlusion and extensive occlusion. Angiography and Döppler examinations localize arterial lesions and subsequent hemodynamic disorders. The treatment is often symptomatic only. Surgery of the proximal vertebral artery may in some cases be the only hope of preventing occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Examination of epidural tumors of the spinal canal. Comparative study with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and tomo-myelography.

To delimit the vertical extension of epidural tumors of the spinal canal, tomo-myelography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most accurate examinations, MRI appearing to us to be even superior to tomo-myelography. To evaluate precisely the bone extension of tumor growth as compared with the epidural lesions, computed tomography (CT) is more accurate than the other methods mentioned. The choice between these three techniques is of great importance as an aid in selection the best therapeutic method in each particular case.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Spontaneous hematomas of the cerebellum. 28 personal cases].

Cerebellar hematomas constitute an emergency as emphasized by a study of 28 personal and 189 published cases. Accounting for 10 per cent of the total of cerebral hemorrhages, they occur mainly in patients after 40 years of age essentially as a complication of hypertension. An evocative stereotyped triad characterizes their sudden onset: severe headache, repeated vomiting, vertigo and imbalance. In their subacute and acute forms, a rapid impairment of consciousness occurs. Death is constant in such cases. Computerized axial tomography is the essential mean of accurate diagnosis and shows the subsequent consequences on other brain structures. Surgical evacuation of hematomas preceded or not by ventricular drainage is the useful procedure in most cases. Results depend on a timely decision and on the conscious level. In other cases, the spontaneous course is more favorable. Brain herniation is however possible and the presence of a vascular posterior fossa malformation must be kept in mind.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Occlusion of the basilar artery. A review with 17 personal cases (author's transl)].

Occlusion of the basilar artery is mainly of atherosclerotic origin; embolic occlusion, dissecting aneurysm, trauma and arteritis are less frequent. Pathologic and angiographic findings allow to classify basilar artery occlusions in three types: segmental (superior, medial or inferior), plurisegmental and extensive. The infarcted areas involve brain stem, especially pons and cerebellum, also diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres, in various combinations. Clinically, there is typically a prodromic stage, with transient ischemic attacks (vertigo, headaches, visual disturbances, motor deficit). Few weeks later, a decreased level of consciousness and motor anomalies are the most important signs. A fatal outcome is noted in 85,98 p. 100. Among laboratory examinations, only angiography proves the occlusion: it also shows the arterial supply (carotido-basilar reflux; inter-cerebellar anastomosis). Computed tomography usually eliminates an expanding mass of the posterior fossa. Management is only of general type. Surgical management of carotid arteries stenosis may ameliorate the anastomotic flow.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗