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Biomedical subjects

M Brátová

Publications and source records attributed to M Brátová.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Intestinal permeability in patients with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis.

PURPOSE: Mucositis represents one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, and may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in stomatitis, dysphagia, dyspepsia, or diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intestinal permeability in patients with stomatitis during treatment with oral granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, Leucomax). METHODS: Ten patients with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis and 21 control cancer patients were included in the study. Intestinal permeability in patients with stomatitis was evaluated before and after the treatment with oral GM-CSF (200 micrograms for 4 consecutive days) by measuring urinary lactulose, D-xylose, and mannitol after oral challenge in collected urine using capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS: Mean grade of stomatitis (3, range 2-3) improved during treatment by a mean of 1 grade (range 0-2, sign test P < 0.05) with an improvement observed in eight of ten patients. Lactulose excretion, lactulose/mannitol, and lactulose/xylose ratios were markedly elevated in the patients with mucositis compared with 21 control cancer patients (1.60 +/- 1.04%, 0.2446 +/- 0.2937, and 0.3877 +/- 0.6808 vs 0.35 +/- 0.20%, 0.0332 +/- 0.0148, and 0.0255 +/- 0.0086, respectively, Mann Whitney U-test, P < 0.001). After treatment, lactulose excretion, lactulose/mannitol, and lactulose/xylose ratio decreased significantly (1.60 +/- 1.04 vs 0.63 +/- 0.42%; 0.2446 +/- 0.2937 vs 0.1303 +/- 0.1149; and 0.3877 +/- 0.6808 vs 0.1126 +/- 0.1146, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lactulose excretion after oral challenge, lactulose/mannitol, or lactulose/xylose ratio may be useful markers for intestinal involvement in chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Improvement of oral mucositis was associated with a significant decrease of intestinal permeability to lactulose. Testing of intestinal permeability by the present method may be useful to evaluate the effect of therapeutic interventions in patients with chemotherapy-induced mucositis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2000

Bioanalysis of PUFA metabolism and lipid peroxidation in coronary atherosclerosis.

Twenty eight men (age 34-77 years) who underwent an elective coronary angiography for coronary artery disease (CAD), were studied. They were divided into group A (luminal narrowing < 50%; n = 11) and group B (luminal narrowing > 50%; n = 17). Capillary gas chromatography was used for determination of fatty acids. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), other parameters were determined spectrofluorometrically and spectrophotometrically. Severe coronary atherosclerosis in group B was associated with higher serum low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids C14:0, C16:1 and C22:6n3 were significantly higher in group B (P < 0.05). We found significantly higher plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) C18:3n6 in group B, whereas plasma linoleic acid was not changed significantly. There was a significant increase of IDL-C18:0, LDL-C14:0 and HDL-C22:6n3 PUFA in group B. We conclude that disturbances in saturated fatty acids (SUFA) and PUFA metabolism are associated with coronary atherogenesis. Such abnormalities may include enhanced extrahepatic transport of C14:0 SUFA via LDL and its incorporation into cell membranes, and enhanced clearance of anti atherosclerotic C22:6n3 PUFA via serum HDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Selection criteria for treatment of severe hyperlipoproteinemias with LDL apheresis].

LDL (low density lipoprotein) - apheresis has been established as an alternative management of severe hypercholesterolaemia after failure of conventional diet and drug therapy. General indication criteria for LDL-apheresis have yet been established. Indication guidelines in USA, Europe and japan are based on whether coronary heart disease is present and on the degree of lDL cholesterol elevation after treatment with diet and maximal drug therapy. It is reasonable to consider LDL apheresis therapy for: 1. patient with coronary heart disease and LDL cholesterol 4.9 mmol/l (190 mg/dl); 2. patients without coronary heart disease, but at high risk for disease (due to an LDL cholesterol above 6.4 mmol/l (250 mg/dl), a first-degree relative with premature coronary heart disease, and the presence of one or more additional risk factor. The therapeutical goal with present coronary heart disease is lDL cholesterol less than 3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl), with asymptomatic coronary heart less than 5.2 mmol/l (200 mg/dl). In addition, LDL apheresis is recommended for the management of all patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia due to the very high risk of coronary heart disease and the poor response to usual lipid-lowering treatments. In the end present two typical cases, treated by LDL-apheresis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Hypocholesterolemic effect of pravastatin is associated with increased content of antioxidant vitamin-E in cholesterol fractions.

Metabolic studies support the findings that antioxidants inhibit atherosclerosis. Treatment with vitamin E reduced both the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to in vivo lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis and smooth muscle proliferation. Thus the aim of present study was to examine metabolic consequences of reduced plasma LDL-C during hypolipidemic therapy and the distribution of antioxidant vitamin E. A group of 10 patients (4 men, 6 women, age 35-65y) with familial hypercholesterolaemia was treated using pravastatin (Lipostat Bristol Myers Squibb, 40 mg daily at 6:00 PM). Blood samples were examined before treatment, after 4 and 8 weeks of therapy. After ultracentrifugation, samples were analyzed for lipoprotein fractions and the content of vitamin E and cholesterol. Pravastatin reduced both total cholesterol (9.85 +/- 0.74 vs. 6.81 +/- 0.51 mmol/1; p < 0.01), LDL-C (6.42 +/- 0.45 vs. 4.51 +/- 0.45 mmol/l; p < 0.01), light LDL1-C (4.56 +/- 0.50 vs. 3.11 +/- 0.34 mmol/l; p < 0.05) and dense LDL2-C (1.86 +/- 0.27 vs. 1.42 +/- 0.17 mmol/l; ns). Serum vitamin E was reduced during hypolipidemic therapy in the fraction of total, LDL1, LDL2, and VLDL-cholesterol. However, the ratio of serum vitamin E/total serum cholesterol (4.57 +/- 0.32 vs. 5.12 +/- 0.37 mmol/l/mmol/l; p < 0.05) and ratio of LDL2-C vitamin E/LDL2-C (3.92 +/- 0.07 vs. 4.64 +/- 0.37 mmol/l/mmol/l; p = 0.08) increased in comparison to pre-treatment values. We conclude that pravastatin therapy may possess anti-atherogenic properties which involve not only its hypocholesterolemic effect, but also its favorable effects on the distribution of LDL subclasses and the content of antioxidant vitamin E in atherogenic lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Intestinal permeability in patients with food allergy].

The authors examined the intestinal permeability using the lactulose mannitol test in 13 women, mean age 45.7 years with a confirmed food allergy before they were on an elimination diet. The intestinal permeability did not differ significantly in these patients as compared with healthy volunteers. The intestinal permeabiity test with lactulose and mannitol thus cannot be recommended on the basis of these results for the diagnosis of food allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Screening for organic acid disorders.

The detection of organic acidurias is a part of our screening programme for inherited metabolic diseases. Adapted procedure is differentiated and involves several steps: 1) thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the case of an abnormal finding followed by 2) gas chromatography (GC). The next step of the investigation, using 3) gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GS-MS) is reserved for more complicated and dubious analyses. In acutely sick patients and in the case of discrepancies between TLC results on the one hand, and clinical symptoms, supported by other laboratory findings on the other, the GC or GC-MS-analysis is performed immediately. Some examples of metabolic disorders, identified by this procedure, are presented.

Acids↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for the anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

The effects are described of adding either the dried fruiting bodies of the oyster fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, or an ethanolic extract of it, to the diet of normal Wistar male rats and a strain with hereditary hypercholesterolaemia. Addition of the dry oyster fungus to the diet significantly increased, by more than two-fold, the triacylglycerol (TAG) level in the plasma of both groups of rats compared with their respective controls. In contrast, the ethanolic extract did not significantly change TAG levels. Values for total cholesterol and its high- and low-density lipoprotein fractions in the plasma, as well as the calculated atherogenic index, did not show any significant change. Levels of liver cholesterol were significantly lowered by the dried oyster fungus in both hypercholesterolaemic and normal groups of rats, and by the ethanolic extract in normal rats. A significantly increased phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratio in the aortas of both groups of rats, after the administration of either dried oyster fungus or the ethanolic extract of it, suggests a favourable anti-atherogenic effect for both.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Dystrophic changes in the macular pigment epithelium as a sequela of exudative diabetic maculopathy].

This work is concerned with the treatment of diabetic exsudative maculopathy using hypolipemic and laser therapy. It shows correlation between the decrease of lipemia and the reduction of the area of hard exsudates in the central region of retina after the hypolipemic therapy. But the corresponding improvement of the vision could not be reached because in 31.2% of cases there were permanent changes of the pigment epithelium of central retina in the original locations of the hard exsudates.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Kinetics of phenols in body fluid compartments during hemodialysis.

On the basis of direct quantification of hemodialysis (HD), the kinetics of phenols (Ph) were followed in 13 patients on regular HD treatment. The average plasma levels of Ph before and after HD were 627 +/- 109 mumol/L and 416 +/- 81 mumol/L, respectively. The total amount of Ph removed during 5-h HD was 7,481 +/- 1,894 mumol. For calculation of the generation rate (G), a new formula has been derived not requiring knowledge of the corresponding volume of distribution. The G of Ph was 2.9 +/- 0.7 mumol/min on average. The mean dialysis clearance (K) of Ph was 48.2 +/- 10.2 ml/min.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil in patients with hepatopathy.

Verapamil (CAS 52-53-9) is a calcium channel blocker with a vasodilatatory effect. Because of its significant first-pass effect, verapamil might be advantageous in the treatment of portal hypertension. It does not produce any excessive systemic effects, provided the doses are suitably adjusted. A decision was made to examine the pharmacokinetic parameters, independent of compartmental analysis of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil, in patients with portal hypertension. Their biological half-lives of the terminal phase were significantly prolonged as compared with the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the values of tmax and Cmax. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters of norverapamil were not significantly different from those of verapamil, except for the tmax of norverapamil, which was significantly longer in patients suffering from portal hypertension as compared with verapamil. The ratio of areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of verapamil and norverapamil was comparable in both groups of patients. No relationship between the changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters and the extent of hepatic insufficiency was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of lactoferrin in the diagnosis of pancreatopathy in patients with chronic kidney failure].

The authors investigated in patients with renal disease the lactoferrin content in duodenal aspirate. The aspirate was obtained after previous stimulation of the pancreas with pancreozymin. Lactoferrin estimation is described in the literature as a sensitive examination of changes of exocrine pancreatic secretion. The authors provided evidence that by assessing lactoferrin it is possible to detect initial changes of reduced exocrine pancreatic capacity already in subjects who are on the waiting list of chronic intermittent haemodialyzation programmes (CHIDP); maximum increase of the lactoferrin content in the duodenal aspirate corresponds with the severity of chronic renal failure. Transplantation of the kidneys leads to normalization of the amount of lactoferrin secreted by the pancreas which is evidence of normalization of pancreatic secretion. In patients with chronic renal failure lactoferrin is a sensitive marker of developing uraemic pancreatopathy.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Serum vitamin A, retinyl esters and vitamin E in nephrotic syndrome.

Serum vitamin A, retinyl esters and vitamin E were increased in a group of 33 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome without reduction of mean glomerular filtration rate. Despite hypoproteinaemia and reduced values of serum proteins with a different molecular weight, increased values of vitamin A protein carriers were found. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, prebeta und beta lipoproteins were increased, HDL cholesterol was within the reference range. Direct relationships were found between serum retinyl esters and vitamin A, and between serum retinyl esters and prealbumin. Indirect relationships were detected between serum total cholesterol and total proteins, serum total cholesterol and albumin, and serum vitamin E and albumin. The increased values of vitamin A, retinyl esters as well as its protein carriers and of vitamin E were probably a manifestation of enhanced protein and lipid synthesis in the liver as a result of albumin depletion. These results show true A and E hypervitaminosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1991

[Vitamin A and metabolic disorders of calcium and phosphorus in patients on a long-term dialysis program].

The aim of the present work was to reveal the relationship between vitamin A serum levels and some indicators of metabolic calcium and phosphorus disorders in patients in a long-term dialyzation programme. Thirty-six patients in a long-term dialyzation programme were divided into three groups. Group A comprised 11 patients who were treated for 3-9 months but without specific treatment, group B was formed by 10 patients treated for 2-5 years who were given calcium carbonate, 3 g/24 h, by the oral route for a period of six months and group C which comprised 15 patients treated for 3-10 years who were given 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Rocaltrol), 0.25 micrograms/24 h for a period of six months. At the end of the investigation a significant rise of total calcium and serum Ca2+ occurred in all three groups of patients an a significant decrease of increased value of phosphorus, C-PTH and vitamin A in serum in groups B and C. In group A which was without treatment there was a significant increase of serum C-PTH and vitamin A after six months. The concentration of retinyl esters in serum was within the reference range of there were undetectable values throughout the investigation in all patients. A direct relationship was found between total calcium and vitamin A, alkaline phosphatase and C-PTH in serum in all 36 patients at the onset of the dialyzation programme. Moreover there was a direct relationship between C-PTH and vitamin A in groups, A, B and C at the onset of the investigation and in groups and vitamin C at the end of the investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1983

[Our experiences with lactoferrin determination in the diagnosis of pancreatopathies].

Authors report on their experiences with the evaluation of lactoferrin in the duodenal juice in patients with pancreatic diseases. The duodenal juice was collected after preceeding stimulation of the pancreas by means of a cholecystokinin-secretin-Test (CCK-S-test). Authors show that the evaluation of lactoferrin in connection with the CCK-S-test can better differentiate between inflammatory and neoplastic pancreatic diseases. The estimation shows the sufficiently sensitive, simply and quickly practicable. Therefore it is recommended as a diagnostic procedure for pancreatology.

Duodenum↗