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Biomedical subjects

M Bräutigam

Publications and source records attributed to M Bräutigam.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Pimecrolimus cream 1% is effective in asteatotic eczema: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study in 40 patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pimecrolimus cream 1% is an effective treatment for atopic eczema. The aim was to investigate its efficacy in asteatotic eczema, a skin disease similar to atopic eczema and its associated dry skin and itching. METHODS: Single-centre, randomized, double-blind, vehicle controlled study in 40 patients with asteatotic eczema. Efficacy was assessed by eczema area and severity index (EASI), investigators global assessment (IGA), patient's self-assessment, and pruritus severity. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, EASI, the primary efficacy variable, was reduced by 62+/-7% from baseline in patients on pimecrolimus, compared to 21+/-14% in patients on vehicle (P=0.013). With pimecrolimus there was also a better control of pruritus (P=0.042) at week 4 whereas a better control of disease according to self-assessment could only be observed at weeks 2 (P=0.01) and week 3 (P=0.08). CONCLUSION: Pimecrolimus cream 1% is effective in patients with asteatotic eczema.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Miflonide/Foradil via Aerolizer compared with other anti-inflammatory and anti-obstructive therapeutic regimens].

Standard therapy of asthma consists of combined, antiinflammatory (steroids) and anti-obstructive (long acting/short acting beta-agonist) treatment via inhalation using two separate or a single inhalation device. Here, we report the results of using Miflonide (Budesonide 400 - 800 microg per day) and Foradil (Formoterol 24 - 48 microg per day) in cases of moderate and severe asthma previously treated insufficiently with another combination therapy. 80 patients with asthma previously treated insufficiently with any other combination therapy of steroid and long acting beta-agonist were included. Instead of their previous therapy all were switched to therapy with Miflonide and Foradil for eight weeks (two office visits at 4 and 8 weeks). Lung function (peak flow [l/min], FEV1 [I], FVC [I], R(tot) [kPa*s/l]) was performed at every visit. Doctors' and patients' estimation of disease severity, physical examination, drug related side-effects and the use of short acting beta-agonist aerosols were registered. Lung function parameters improved significantly compared to the run in phase prior to the change in medication (peak flow: + 18.4 %, FEV 1 : + 10.7 %, FVC: + 6.8 %, R(tot) : -18.0 %). Use of additional short acting inhalative beta-agonists was reduced. Subjectively, patients judged their general condition as improved, effectiveness as greater compared to previous medication and side effects as tolerable. The use of a combination of Miflonide/Foradil lead to an improvement in subjective and objective parameters in asthma patients that had previously been treated with a variety of other antiinflammatory and anti-obstructive therapy regimens. Reasons for this observation are beside change in medication, patients training in asthma therapy, change of application system, and increase of patients compliance.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2002

[Onset of action of formoterol in patients with moderate to severe, partially reversible airflow obstruction assessed by bodyplethysmography].

BACKGROUND: Formoterol is a long acting beta2-agonist used for the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. Compared with Salmeterol, Formoterol has a rapid onset of bronchodilation. There are only scant data regarding the comparative onset of action using bodyplethysmography in moderate to severely obstructive patients. METHODS: In a mono-center, single-blinded parallel group study 60 patients (age: 61.9 +/- 12.8 years, 65 % male) with moderate to severe (mean FEV(1) 40.6 +/- 15.3 % of predicted), partially reversible (FEV(1) post bronchodilator > 15 % from baseline) airway obstruction were treated with either formoterol 12 microg bid or salmeterol 50 microg bid over a period of two weeks. Onset of action was measured by airway resistance (sRaw) before and after two weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Compared with Salmeterol, Formoterol had a significantly faster onset of action (10 % decrease of Raw) at baseline (F: 1.4 +/- 0.9 vs. S: 15.1 +/- 34.5 min., p < 0.0001) and after two weeks of treatment (F: 6.2 +/- 21.6 vs. S: 51 +/- 135 min., p < 0.0001). Morning FEV(1) improved similarily during treatment in both study groups, when compared with baseline lung function (F: 1.38 +/- 0.64 vs. 1 +/- 0.41 l; S: 1.43 +/- 0.67 vs. 1 +/- 0.4 l, p < 0.05, both comparisons). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Formoterol produces a rapid improvement of airway resistance in patients with moderate to severe, partially reversible airway obstruction. The onset of bronchodilation was significantly faster for Formoterol compared with Salmeterol. Both drugs improved lung function similarily after two weeks of treatment. It is important to distinguish beta2-agonists not only into short- and long-acting but also into fast- and slow-acting.

Bronchodilator Agents↗
PubMed2002

Body-weight-independent dosing of cyclosporine micro-emulsion and three times weekly maintenance regimen in severe psoriasis. A randomised study.

BACKGROUND: Body-weight-dependent (BWD) treatment of psoriasis with cyclosporine A (CsA is well established. It has recently been reported that this is not necessary for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate the efficacy and safety of a CsA micro-emulsion administered in a new body-weight-independent (BWI) protocol and to compare it to a BWD dosage regimen in the treatment of severe psoriasis. (2) To investigate the duration of disease remission after intermittent treatment of psoriasis with CsA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 122 adult patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis (PASI > or = 12) were included in this study which consisted of two treatment periods: period I was a randomised parallel-group comparison of daily CsA doses of 100-300 mg (BWI) or 1.25-5.0 mg/kg (BWD) for 12 weeks; period II was a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled extension treatment of patients, who had responded (>75% PASI recovery) to the treatment in period I and continued the treatment on their last effective dose or placebo 3 times weekly for a further 12 weeks. RESULTS: In period I, the increase in creatinine in the BWI group (2.7 micromol/l) was proven to be non-inferior to that of the BWD group (3.5 micromol/l) at a non-inferiority limit of 5 micromol/l (p < 0.05). The PASI decreased with BWI dosing from 22.0 to 3.0 and with the BWD scheme from 19.5 to 2.5 (p = 0.98). In period II, the relapse rates were 40.5% (17/42) with intermittent CsA and 56.9% (29/51) with placebo (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: BWI dosing is as effective and safe as conventional BWD dosing for the short-term treatment of severe psoriasis. There was a tendency toward a prolongation of remission with intermittent CsA treatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

[Primary PTCA or thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction?].

In acute ST-elevation infarction two different reperfusion strategies--thrombolytic medication and acute coronary angiography--have proved to improve the prognosis. The clinical course for patients with ST-elevation infarction is described in relation to whether they received thrombolytic medication or underwent acute coronary angiography with the aim of mechanical revascularization. The one-year mortality was high (20 percent) regardless of treatment strategy. In terms of morbidity there were no clear differences between the two treatment groups.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Low-dose cyclosporin A microemulsion in children with severe atopic dermatitis: clinical and immunological effects.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for severe childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). By starting at a low dose, the therapeutic safety should be further increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate low-dose CsA in childhood AD with respect to clinical outcome and modulation of T-cell dysregulation. In an open prospective study, 10 children (age: 22-106 months) with severe AD (mean objective SCORAD score > 40 on two baseline measurements at a minimum interval of 2 weeks) were treated with CsA solution for 8 weeks. All patients received a starting dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day, which was increased stepwise in non-responders to a maximum of dose of 5 mg/kg/day. Disease activity was monitored using the SCORAD index. The frequency of cytokine-producing peripheral blood T lymphocytes was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining, and T-cell numbers were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Twenty healthy age-matched children were included as controls for the immunological data. Nine of the 10 patients had a SCORAD reduction of at least 35%. In seven patients this was achieved with low-dose CsA at 2.5 mg/kg/day (n = 4) and 3.5 mg kg/day (n = 3). Seven of the nine responders experienced no relapse within the 4-week follow-up period. At baseline the percentage of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-positive CD3(+) cells was higher in the patient group than in the controls. After CsA treatment there was a significant reduction in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, and HLA-DR-positive CD3(+) cells. Hence, in severe pediatric AD, CsA microemulsion, when started at a low dose (2.5 mg/kg/day), improves clinical measures of disease, reduces T-lymphocyte cytokine production, and regulates T-cell activation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

One week terbinafine 1% cream (Lamisil) once daily is effective in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis: a vehicle controlled study. LAS-INT-06 Study Group.

Duration of therapy is an important factor determining patients' compliance in dermatomycosis clinical practice. We undertook a prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel group study to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of once daily treatment with terbinafine 1% cream for 1 week, compared to its vehicle, in adult patients with interdigital tinea pedis. Efficacy was assessed in terms of mycological cure, total clinical signs and symptoms scores, and clinical response, 1 day and 1, 5 and 7 weeks after end of treatment. Terbinafine 1% cream was significantly more effective than its vehicle in achieving and maintaining mycological cure for 7 weeks: 91.4% vs. 37.1%, P < 0.001. Terbinafine was also significantly more effective than its vehicle in reducing total clinical signs and symptoms scores, and in achieving clinical response. We conclude that terbinafine 1% cream, applied once daily for 7 days, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for interdigital tinea pedis in nonimmunocompromised patients. The short duration of treatment needed to achieve mycological cure has important implications for patient compliance and for control of infection within the community.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2001

Effect of low-dose cyclosporin a microemulsion on disease severity, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production in severe pediatric atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The release of cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] by skin cells is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low-dose cyclosporin A (CyA) on clinical symptoms and cytokine secretion in severe pediatric AD. METHODS: Ten children with severe AD (SCORAD index >50) were treated for 8 weeks with CyA. The initial dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day was titrated to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day until a SCORAD reduction of >or =35% was achieved ("treatment response"). After stopping CyA all patients entered a 4-week follow-up period. Cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha) from patients' PBMC was assessed by ELISA before and after CyA treatment and was compared with 18 healthy nonatopic controls. Only the data of patients, who responded to CyA and did not experience a relapse during the follow-up period, were evaluated for this paper. RESULTS: Seven patients responded to CyA without relapse during the follow-up period. The median SCORAD index in these patients improved from 71 at baseline to 22 after CyA treatment (p < 0.001). AD patients' PBMC produced more IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha than PBMC of controls. Suppression of IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-8 (p < 0.05) production was observed after CyA treatment. TNF-alpha levels were unchanged by CyA in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in severity of pediatric AD with CyA is associated with decreased production of IL-6 and IL-8, but not TNF-alpha by PBMC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Gd(3+)-loaded polyion complex for pH depiction with magnetic resonance imaging.

In clinical diagnosis, gadolinium (Gd) ion/low molecular weight chelater complexes have been used as MRI contrast agents that disperse throughout a particular tissue and cause a brighter appearance in MRI. In order to provide a novel imaging concept for MRI, a contrast agent in which the T(1)-relaxation shortening activity (R(1) relaxivity) changes in response to the pH differences was studied. We prepared a polyion complex (PIC) consisting of a polyanionic Gd-chelater, poly(diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N", N"-pentaaceto, DTPA) (1,3-propanediamide) (denoted as 1a) loaded with Gd ions at a [Gd]/[DTPA unit] ratio of 0.2 (denoted as 1b), and a polycation, poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (denoted as 2). The stoichiometric (based on ionic groups) mixture of 1b and 2 formed complex coacervates from pH 5 to pH 8. The R(1) relaxivity of Gd(3+) in the complex was considerably influenced by the pH, and the relative signal intensity changed from 4 at pH 7.2 to 11 at pH 5.0, as determined by an MRI phantom study. The pH responsivity of the complex solution varied with the composition of the PIC (i.e., the mixing ratio of 1b and 2), allowing us to modulate the pH sensibility. The ionic charge balance and swelling of PIC seemingly were related to the pH-dependent R(1) relaxivity change. It is expected that the PIC-based MRI contrast agent may provide a novel category of MRI methods and be useful in improving the detectability of an MRI-based diagnosis.

Cations↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of the efficacy of two air-based contrast agents in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences of the in vivo efficacies of Levovist(SH U 508 A) and Albunex, air-based contrast agents (CAs) with different shell materials, by direct comparison. METHODS: SH U 508 A, 300 mg/ml, and Albunex were injected intravenously at doses of 0.1 and 0.15 ml/kg, respectively, into the same dogs (n=6). Contrast enhancement in the left ventricle was evaluated visually and by off-line measurement of brightness. RESULTS: Both CAs yielded good peak contrast, while the duration of contrast enhancement with SH U 508 A was seven times that with Albunex. With Albunex, reduction of contrast enhancement at end-systole and in the late phase of diastole during one heartbeat was observed, and a positive correlation was observed between contrast enhancement and heart rate. Contrast enhancement was nearly constant during one heartbeat with SH U 508 A. CONCLUSION: SH U 508 A yielded consistent and longer contrast enhancement in the left ventricle than Albunex under the same conditions.

Air↗
PubMed2000

Steroidal sigma receptor ligands affect signaling pathways in human spermatozoa.

In human spermatozoa, Ca(2+) entry is stimulated by progesterone or prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)). The regulation of cation currents by progestins involves sigma receptors, and sigma binding sites are abundant in testis. We examined the effects of sigma ligands on human spermatozoa. Ca(2+) entry induced by progesterone or PGE(1) was not altered by the sigma ligands haloperidol and ditolylguanidine. However, the steroidal sigma ligands RU 3117 and RU 1968 had distinct effects. Stimulation by RU 3117 resulted in activation and homologous desensitization of the sperm progesterone receptor but not of the PGE(1) receptor. Because haloperidol and ditolylguanidine did not affect RU 3117 and progesterone actions in spermatozoa, we conclude that sigma receptors are not involved. However, RU 1968 potently inhibited both the progesterone- and PGE(1)-induced Ca(2+) entry and acrosome reaction. At higher concentrations, RU 1968 also inhibited hormonal Ca(2+) signaling in fibroblasts. Despite suppression of Ca(2+) mobilization, inhibition of phospholipase C by RU 1968 was not observed. Furthermore, RU 1968 did not impair the binding of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate to its endoplasmic reticulum receptor. Because RU 1968 preferentially inhibits signaling pathways in spermatozoa, the future development of more selective drugs structurally related to RU 1968 may be a novel approach for pharmacological contraception.

Acrosome Reaction↗
PubMed2000

A body-weight-independent dosing regimen of cyclosporine microemulsion is effective in severe atopic dermatitis and improves the quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine has shown to be effective in severe atopic dermatitis. Little has been reported on the new microemulsion form (Sandimmune, Neoral) in the treatment of this disease. Also, it has not been investigated whether a body-weight-independent dosing regimen of cyclosporine is appropriate for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate a body-weight-independent dosing regimen of cyclosporine microemulsion in severe atopic dermatitis by comparing high and low starting doses of treatment. METHODS: A total of 106 adults with severe atopic dermatitis were enrolled in this double-blind study and randomized to receive a starting dose of either 150 mg (low) or 300 mg (high) of cyclosporine microemulsion daily. After 2 weeks the dose could be reduced by 50% if the clinical symptom score was reduced by 50% or more. After 8 weeks the responders entered a 4-week follow-up phase and were randomized to either stop treatment or to continue on their last effective dose every second day. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of treatment the total symptom score decreased from 59.0 to 39.3 with 150 mg and from 60.7 to 33.2 with 300 mg cyclosporine (P <.05). Until week 8 there was a further decrease in the clinical symptom score to 30.8 with low-dose therapy and 25.5 with high-dose therapy. Similar positive effects could be observed in assessments of affected body surface area, itching, sleep loss, and quality of life. At week 2, there was an increase of 0.6% in serum creatinine in patients receiving 150 mg, and 5.8% in the 300 mg group (P <.01). At week 8, the effect on serum creatinine was similar, with a 1.1% rise in the low dose group and a 6.0% increase in the high dose group. Body weight had no influence on efficacy or tolerability in this study. CONCLUSION: Body-weight-independent dosing with cyclosporine seems to be feasible in the short-term treatment of severe atopic dermatitis. Although the starting dose of 300 mg/day is more effective than 150 mg/day, the 150 mg dose would be preferable for the initiation of therapy because of its excellent renal tolerability.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Short duration treatment with terbinafine for tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton or Microsporum species. The Study Group.

Thirty-five patients with mycologically proven scalp infections were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial with oral terbinafine (dose adjusted according to patient weight) for either 1 or 2 weeks. Patients were observed for 12 weeks; after 4 weeks, non-responders were offered an additional 4 weeks of treatment followed by a second observation period. The causative organisms were Microsporum canis (n = 12), Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 12) and other Trichophyton spp. (n = 11). The Trichophyton infections were treated effectively in five of nine (56%) patients treated for 1 week and 12 of 14 (86%) patients treated for 2 weeks. Three of the non-responders were treated for an additional 4 weeks, and one responded. In the Microsporum group only one of seven patients treated for 1 week and none of five treated for 2 weeks responded. However, treatment was effective in four of six (66%) patients treated for an additional 4 weeks. Mild to moderate adverse events believed to be drug related occurred in four patients in each of the two groups. Terbinafine is well tolerated, and requires 2 weeks of treatment in most patients with Trichophyton scalp infections and 4 weeks or more in Microsporum scalp infections, to achieve a successful clinical and mycological response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine 1% topical solution used for 1 week compared with 4 weeks clotrimazole 1% topical solution in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis: a randomized, double-blind, multi-centre, 8-week clinical trial.

In this double-blind clinical trial 429 patients (217 terbinafine and 212 clotrimazole) were randomized to receive twice daily terbinafine 1% topical solution for 1 week followed by a vehicle application for 3 weeks, or 1% clotrimazole solution for 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated clinically and mycologically at baseline and then at weeks one, two, four (end of treatment), and eight (end of follow-up). To be evaluable the patient needed to have a positive culture for a dermatophyte and positive KOH microscopy and a clinical diagnosis of tinea pedis (interdigital type) at baseline. Effective treatment of tinea pedis was recorded in 181 of 217 (83%) of patients treated for 1 week with terbinafine 1% solution and 174 of 212 (82%) of patients treated for 4 weeks with clotrimazole 1% solution. Mycological cure and disappearance of signs and symptoms were similar at each assessment visit in the two groups. In the subgroup of patients without any protocol violation the mycological cure rate was 95% (164 of 173) with terbinafine solution and 91% (159 of 174) with clotrimazole solution (P = 0.05). Adverse events believed to be drug-related occurred in 13 patients in the terbinafine group and 11 in the clotrimazole group (4 to 5% in each group). The events were primarily local skin reactions of mild to moderate intensity. It can be concluded that terbinafine 1% solution used for 1 week to treat tinea pedis is well tolerated and at least as effective as clotrimazole 1% solution used for 4 weeks.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Post-stroke treatment with imidapril reduces learning deficits with less formation of brain oedema in a stroke-prone substrain of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of the ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor imidapril, on the brain, when administered after the onset of stroke in a stroke-prone substrain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Learning deficits and induced lesions in the brain as well as in the kidneys and heart were investigated in detail. SHRSP were divided into two groups with or without salt loading at the age of 4 weeks. The salt loading was performed for 7-9 weeks to increase the incidence of stroke. Within 24 h after the first observation of stroke, animals were subsequently treated with 5 mg/kg imidapril orally once a day or the vehicle for up to the age of 27 weeks. Imidapril attenuated progression of neurological abnormalities such as irritability, hyperkinesia and motor dysfunction, and increased survival rate. In three-panel runway testing, learning deficits did not develop significantly in the imidapril-treated group, and was comparable to that in the non-salt-loaded/non-stroke group. Imidapril reduced oedema formation in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and also suppressed lesion formation in the kidneys and heart. Imidapril thus suppressed progression of neurological deficits with loss of learning ability following onset of stroke, and also suppressed formation of oedema in the brain and decreased the number of lesions in other organs. Imidapril-induced reduction of cerebrovascular damage, which presumably occurs in the brain after stroke, may account for the inhibitory effects of imidapril on lesion formation and learning impairment.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1998

Mechanisms responsible for resistance of sublines derived from leukemia cell lines to an antitumor agent 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine.

An agent 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (2-F-Ara-A) is a main metabolite of fludarabine, a fluorinated purine analogue with antitumor activity in lymphoproliferative malignancies. In this study, the mechanism responsible for the resistance of cancer cells to fludarabine was examined using the 2-F-Ara-A-resistant sublines JOK-1/F-Ara-A and L1210/F-Ara-A from a human hairy leukemic cell line (JOK-1) and a mouse leukemic cell line (L1210) respectively, which were established by continuous treatment of the parental cell lines with 2-F-AraA. JOK-1/F-Ara-A and L1210/F-Ara-A cells were more than 55 and 29 times more resistant to 2-F-Ara-A than were their parent cell lines, and showed a high cross-resistance to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine but not to doxorubicin or vincristine. These resistant sublines intracellularly accumulated almost the same amount of 2-F-Ara-A as did their parent cell lines. However, the amount of 2-F-Ara-ATP, a cytotoxic metabolite of 2-F-Ara-A, decreased by 2.6% (JOK-1/F-Ara-A C3), 6% (L1210/F-Ara-A C1) and 3.7% (L1210/F-Ara-A C7) relative to the levels in the parent cell lines. Enzymatically, these resistant cells hardly activated deoxycytidine (dCyd) and 2-F-Ara-A. In addition, the abilities to phosphorylate deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine were also decreased in the resistant cells in comparison with the parent cells. These findings suggest that the deficiency in activity of dCyd kinase may contribute to the resistance of 2-F-Ara-A.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Terbinafine versus itraconazole: a controlled clinical comparison in onychomycosis of the toenails.

BACKGROUND: Because of the relative clinical inefficacy of antifungal therapy in the past, onychomycosis has largely been viewed as an incurable condition. The availability of two new oral antifungal agents suggests the possibility of revising this clinical precept. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of terbinafine and itraconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenails. METHODS: This investigation was a multicenter, double-blind, parallel group study. The primary therapeutic endpoints measured were mycologic cure and clinical improvement. RESULTS: Mycologic cure rates (negative culture and microscopy) at the end of the study were 81% for terbinafine versus 63% for itraconazole (2p < 0.01). A total of 92% of terbinafine-treated patients had negative cultures at the end of the study, compared with 67% of itraconazole-treated patients (2p < 0.0001). Terbinafine was more effective than itraconazole in increasing the length of the unaffected area of the target nail: 9.44 mm versus 7.85 mm (2p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Terbinafine is more effective than itraconazole in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.

Administration, Oral↗