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Biomedical subjects

M Brady

Publications and source records attributed to M Brady.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Self-fulfilling effects of stigmatizing information on children's social interactions.

The stigmatizing effects of negative expectancies were examined in observations of interactions between children with and without a behavior problem. Ss were 68 pairs of unacquainted boys in Grades 3-6. In each dyad, a normal boy was either told that his partner had a behavior problem or given no expectancy; this expectancy manipulation was crossed with the partner's actual diagnostic status with respect to hyperactivity. The perceivers' expectancy that their partner had a behavior problem as well as the actual diagnostic status of the target adversely affected the boys' interactions. Behavioral data suggest how the expectancies were communicated to the target. The processes underlying interpersonal expectancy effects and the ways in which a childhood stigma can act as a self-fulfilling prophecy are discussed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1992

Drug screening of newborns by meconium analysis: a large-scale, prospective, epidemiologic study.

A large-scale, prospective drug screening of newborns by meconium analysis was done to determine more accurately the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of drug use in a high-risk urban, obstetric population. Every other neonate delivered in a perinatal center from November 1988 to September 1989 was prospectively enrolled and their meconium was analyzed by radioimmunoassay for the metabolites of three commonly abused drugs--cocaine, morphine (opiates), and cannabinoid. In 3010 subjects studied, 44% were positive for cocaine, morphine, or cannabinoid; 31% were positive for cocaine, 21% for morphine, and 12% for cannabinoid. In contrast, only 335 (11%) mothers admitted to illicit drug use: 52% of their newborns had a positive urine drug screen and 88% had a positive meconium drug screen. Prevalence of drug use among the pregnant women varied per month. A profile of the pregnant addict in the population studied was noted (P less than .001): service patient, single, multigravid (greater than 3), and little or no prenatal care. The major problems associated with drug use during pregnancy were principally noted in the group that was exposed to cocaine and opiates and in the group where the mothers admitted to the use of illicit drugs. On the other hand, a large number of neonates who have been exposed to drugs in utero, particularly those whose mothers denied the use of drugs, appear normal at birth and may not be recognized. Improved detection of these newborns at risk can be achieved with a high index of suspicion and meconium drug analysis.

Cannabis↗
PubMed1988

Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in teenage males.

This study examined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the urethra in asymptomatic teenage males in a juvenile detention setting. Gonorrhea cultures, chlamydia smears using the direct immunofluorescent antibody (DFA) technique, and 15-20 ml of a first-catch urine (FCU) sample were obtained. Of the 227 adolescent males screened, 205 had experienced sexual intercourse. Twenty-seven (13.2%) of the sexually active adolescents had positive DFA smears for C. trachomatis. Three (1.5%) had positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures. A urine leukocyte count of greater than 10 per high-power field gave a 91% specificity but only a 26% sensitivity for a positive DFA. The high prevalence of chlamydia in this population and the relative low cost of the DFA screen for chlamydia make this a useful procedure for discovering unsuspected disease, particularly in a high-risk population. The FCU screen for leukocytes was of limited value in identifying asymptomatic infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Single, high-dose intravenous dexamethasone as an antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy.

The antiemetic effect of graded, single high-dose intravenous dexamethasone was studied in 27 patients receiving combination chemotherapy with either doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) or cis-platinum (100 mg/m2). A total of 57 cycles were individually evaluated, utilizing a detailed rating system. Nausea and vomiting did not occur in 20 of 57 cycles; in 17, the chemotherapy was doxorubicin-based, and in 3 it was cis-platinum-based. Of the 37 cycles associated with nausea and vomiting, 32 contained cis-platinum and 5 doxorubicin. The average dexamethasone dosages for doxorubicin and platinum-containing combinations were 40 and 95 mg/m2, respectively. Side effects included a dose-dependent sensation of perineal pruritus (11 patients, 17 cycles) lasting for several minutes, and subjective feelings of increased appetite and well-being. Dexamethasone administered intravenously 15 min prior to chemotherapy in a dose of 40 mg/m2 apparently provides highly effective antiemetic protection for patients receiving treatment cycles containing doxorubicin; however, for patients receiving regimens containing cis-platinum, the antiemetic effect of dexamethasone as a single agent is limited.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immune interferon is a growth factor for human lung fibroblasts.

A number of immunologically mediated lung disorders are characterized by the presence of fibrosis. In these studies, we demonstrate that immune (gamma) interferon, as well as interleukin-1 (IL-1), can function as a growth factor for human lung fibroblasts. Interleukin-2 has no effect on the proliferation of these cells. Interferon increases the proliferation of lung fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner and functions as a progression factor by complementing the growth-promoting effects of a characterized competence factor such as fibroblast growth factor. These observations suggest that interferon, as well as IL-1, may play an important role in the fibrotic response as well as the immune response in the lung.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1975

A new, surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine. I. Studies on immunogenicity in hamsters.

The ability of a new, surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine to induce serum antibody in hamsters, and to protect these hamsters against subsequent homologous virus challenge, is reported. In addition, similar studies in hamsters have also been carried out using the surface antigen material prior to adsorption to the aluminium hydroxide carrier. The new, adsorbed vaccine is at least as effective as inactivated saline influenza virus vaccine in inducing serum antibody and protection in hamsters; the unadsorbed surface antigen material, however, did not confer protection to hamsters challenged subsequently with homologous virus.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

A new surface-antigen-adsorbed influenza virus vaccine. II. Studies in a volunteer group.

A group of 23 volunteers were each inoculated with 600 CCA of a new form of influenza virus A/England/42/72 vaccine; this vaccine consisted of purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens adsorbed to alhydrogel. No significant reactions to the vaccine were reported. Twenty-two volunteers produced increased titres of serum HI antibody, and all showed increased titres of NI antibody after immunization. Thus, for volunteers with no pre-immunization serum HI antibody, the geometric mean titre of serum antibody increased from 1/5 to 1/196 after immunization. Ten volunteers developed local neutralizing antibody after immunization; this antibody response was detected most frequently in volunteers who showed the greater serum antibody response to immunization, and in nasal washings with the higher concentrations of protein and IgA. Ten weeks after immunization, the vaccinees and a group of matched controls were inoculated intranasally with attenuated A/England/42/72 virus. Evidence of infection with the challenge virus was found in 14 of the control subjects and in one of the vaccinees. The results indicate that the surface-antigen-adsorbed vaccine induced high titres of serum antibody, and gave significant protection against challenge infection.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1967

Fluoridation.

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Fluoridation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

AIDS in children.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗