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Biomedical subjects

M Broden

Publications and source records attributed to M Broden.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Detection, significance and control of paramyxoviruses in birds].

Infection, disease and mortality due to various paramyxoviruses currently occur fairly frequently in both domestic fowl and in captive and free-living birds. These viruses are therefore of economic and ecologic significance, and may also cause zoonoses. The current legal status of the detection and control of paramyxovirus-associated diseases or epidemics are described. Prophylactic vaccination against Newcastle disease using live and inactivated vaccines, as required by the fowl disease regulations, remains of great importance in maintaining health and productivity of the fowl. Correct immunisation also includes checking the effectiveness using serological methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Altering student responses through changes in teacher verbal behavior.

Two experiments were conducted in a junior-high special-education class of eight pupils in an inner-city school. In the first experiment, the teacher doubled the number of words used by the pupils in answering questions by altering the type of questions asked. In the second experiment, the number of words used by students and the percentage of answers given in complete sentences, increased from less than 5% to approximately 90% when the teacher instructed the pupils to answer in complete sentences and asked another pupil to answer using a sentence if the first one did not do so. In both experiments, a brief return to baseline conditions brought a return to low levels of verbal responding. An analysis of which pupils were called on by the teacher, teacher praise, and in the second experiment the types of questions asked, indicated that these variables were not responsible for the increases in verbal responding.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1971

The effect of self-recording on the classroom behavior of two eighth-grade students.

The effects of self-recording on classroom behavior of two junior high school students was investigated. In the first experiment, study behavior of an eighth-grade girl in history class was recorded. Following baseline observations her counselor provided slips for the girl to record whether or not she studied in class. This resulted in an increase in study. When slips were withdrawn, study decreased and then increased once self-recording was reinstated. After teacher praise for study was increased, self-recording was discontinued without significant losses in study behavior. In the final phase, increased praise was also withdrawn and study remained at a high level. In the second experiment, the number of talk outs emitted by an eighth-grade boy were recorded during math period. Following baseline, slips for recording talk outs were issued for the first half of the period, for the second half, and then for the entire period. Talk outs decreased when self-recording was in effect and increased again when self-recording was discontinued. When self-recording was reinstituted in the final phase there was a slight, though not significant decrease in talking out when compared to the baseline condition.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1970

Effects of teacher attention on attending behavior of two boys at adjacent desks.

The effects of teacher attention on the attending behavior of two boys seated at adjacent desks were investigated. Baseline records were obtained of the appropriate attending behavior of two boys who were described as the most disruptive pupils in a second-grade classroom of a poverty area school. During the first experimental phase, the teacher systematically increased the amount of attention for appropriate attending in one of the pair, Edwin. This resulted in a dramatic increase in his attending rate and a lesser, though significant, increase in attending behavior of the second boy, Greg. During the second experimental phase, systematic attention for attending was instituted for Greg and was discontinued for Edwin. This resulted in further increases in attending by Greg and a reduction in attending by Edwin. A brief withdrawal of reinforcement for attending in both Greg and Edwin reduced attending levels for both. Following this reversal appropriate attending for both boys was systematically reinforced and attending returned to high levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1968

Instructing beginning teachers in reinforcement procedures which improve classroom control.

Systematic reinforcement procedures were used to increase study behavior in the classrooms of three beginning teachers experiencing problems of classroom control. Classroom study rates were recorded during a baseline period. During subsequent experimental periods, the teachers changed one or more reinforcement contingencies (teacher attention, length of between-period break, a classroom game) to bring about increased study rates and concomitant reductions in disruptive behaviors. A brief reversal period, in which these contingencies were discontinued, again produced low rates of study. Reinstatement of the contingencies resulted once again in marked increases in study behaviors.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organization of the program for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in France].

Nosocomial infections (NI) are infections acquired in hospitals. The aim of this paper is to describe the organization of NI control program in France. The organization of this program started in 1988 by the formation of the Infection Control Committees in hospitals. Their role has been to organize the surveillance of NI, to verify basic measures of hygiene, safety of invasive procedures, disinfection and sterilization procedures, occupational safety, and to organize the continued education of health staff members. Operational teams have also been established in hospitals. At the national and regional levels, the National and Regional Infection Control Committees were established in 1992 in order to define the national policy for the treatment of actual infection problems in hospitals and to organize the co-operation between hospitals. In addition, many research projects concerning NI have been conducted and a number of international scientific meetings regarding this subject have taken place in France. According to the two surveys conducted at the national level, in 1990 and 1996, the prevalence rate of NI was found to be 7.4 and 7.6%, respectively. The infection control program could probably be integrated, in the future, into the Hospital Risk Management Program.

Cross Infection↗