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M Brunet

Publications and source records attributed to M Brunet.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

High frequency of rare alleles of the human c-Ha-ras-1 proto-oncogene in breast cancer patients.

The c-Ha-ras-1 locus in 104 breast cancer patients and 56 unaffected individuals was examined for allelic restriction fragment-length polymorphism. Four common and 16 rare alleles were detected in the combined populations. The distribution of common and rare alleles differed significantly between the two populations. The common restriction fragments represented 91% of the allele pool in the unaffected population. In breast cancer patients, these common alleles represented only 59% of the allele pool (P less than .001). More specifically, the frequency of two of the common fragments, the 6.5- and 8.0-kilobase alleles, was significantly diminished in the breast cancer population (P less than .001 and P less than .02, respectively). The frequency of rare c-Ha-ras-1 alleles and hence genotypes composed of two rare alleles was increased in the breast cancer population (P less than .001). One of the rare alleles had a significant (P less than .05) association with these breast cancer patients. These results suggest that genotype analysis of the c-Ha-ras-1 locus, in combination with other clinical parameters, may be of prognostic value in assessing the potential for cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Loss of a c-H-ras-1 allele and aggressive human primary breast carcinomas.

The human H-ras protooncogene was shown to be expressed in 16 of 22 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. The K- and N-ras protooncogenes were either not expressed or expressed at low levels. No amplification or rearrangement of the three ras genes was detected among the 104 breast carcinoma DNAs tested. These results indicate that the overexpression of H-ras in human breast tumors is not correlated with alteration of the protooncogene. In addition, we did not find any point mutation at the codon 12 of the H-ras or K-ras protooncogenes in 32 and 64, respectively, tumor DNAs examined. However, in tumor DNAs from 14 of 51 patients, heterozygous for H-ras-1 related BamHI restriction fragments, one allele was lost. This allele loss did not alter ras Mr 21,000 protein expression. Correlation with clinicopathological data showed, however, that the loss of one H-ras-1 allele in breast carcinoma DNAs is significantly linked to histological Grade III tumors, the lack of estrogen and/or progesterone receptors, and the subsequent occurrence of distal metastasis. Our results thus indicate that the loss of one H-ras-1 allele correlates with the most aggressive primary carcinomas of the breast.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Cancer of the prostate. Epidemiologic evaluation, incidence, and trends, especially in France].

With 7,172 deaths in 1982, prostatic cancer is a frequent cancer in France observed among old men, coming just after the lungs cancers and representing 9.6% of male mortality from malignant disease. Its incidence in the French regional population based on departmental registries is about 25/100.000 (age adjusted to the world standard population). The geographical distribution throughout the world shows a high incidence rate among the black american, the Scandinavian countries and low rates in the south-east of Asia. As well as incidence as for mortality low trends of increase all over the world are observed. In the clinical data from the "Enquete Permanente Cancer" (E.P.C.) the high proportion of metastatic dissemination (48%) at initial time of diagnosis, and also the high proportion of epithelial cancer (92%) emerge from a series of 1,223 prostatic cancer registered between 1975 and 1982. The 9 year-survival relative rate (32%) for the whole group lets appear a level of cure observed after the 8 years of follow-up. Few risk factors have been yet recognized so that it is not easy to identify risk population and propose them any preventions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Systemic thromboembolic accidents in the early post-operative period in patients with prosthetic valves.

Since 1975, of 2328 patients with prosthetic valves, 61 presented one or many systemic thromboembolic accidents (TEA) between the 12th and the 60th day of the post-operative period: 54 cases involved the brain and 14 involved other areas. Although the embolic accident was clinically detectable, EEG and scanner helped in detecting multiple emboli. Clinical history enables us to select high-risk cases: arrhythmias (47 cases), previous TEA (20), prosthetic dysfunction (4). However, several patients have no specific history. Mitral valves present the highest risk. The preventive value of anticoagulant therapy is unquestionable but it does not always prevent TEA, even the recurring type. One can meet all degrees, from the self-resolutive minor TEA up to massive cerebral emboli with severe sequelae. Warning signs include fever, high fibrinogen and HBDH levels. When TEA occurs in the hospital, early detection favours fibrinolytic treatment if there are no contra-indications. Whenever surgery was imminent, we used urokinase (29 cases). Despite better surgical techniques, efficient prostheses and anticoagulant treatment, TEA remain all too frequent as we do not have ideal methods for biological detection and effective prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cytochemical detection of phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities in the midgut of Centropages typicus (Copepod, Calanoid).

Ultrastructural study of the midgut of Calanoid Copepods revealed the presence of several cell types in all species. In a previous report we described and assigned a function to each of these cell types. In order to affirm the validity of those assignments we undertook an investigation of enzymatic activity especially of phosphatase and arylsulphatase. By cytochemical methods, alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in R-, R'-D- and B-cells, with labelling being observed on the apical plasmic membrane level in all four, and in B-cells on the pinocytotic vesicle membranes. Acid phosphatase and aryl-sulphatase activities were only detectable in B-cells; the most frequently labelled structures were located in the vacuolar system, dictyosomes and Golgi vesicles, although Golgi structures occasionally reacted to acid phosphatase. Nome of the dense bodies observed in B-cells reacted to arylsulphatase. Similarly they were unevenly labelled during acid phosphatase tests. Hence it may be assumed that dense bodies are not involved in hydrolases. It is possible that these enzymes originated from vesicles generated by the Golgi saccules surrounding and joined to the vacuoles, thus bypassing the lysosome I stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prognostic index for clinical Stage I cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Thirteen variables were evaluated for their significance in predicting the survival of 148 patients in a retrospective study with clinical Stage I cutaneous malignant melanoma. The variables studied were histological type, tumor thickness, level of invasion, mitotic activity, pigmentation type, existence of ulceration, presence of lymphocytic infiltration, cell type, sex and age of the patient, site of melanoma, and wide local excision preceded or not by contact radiotherapy and associated or not with lymphadenectomy. When these variables were individualized, only seven were significantly related to survival: histological type; tumor thickness; level of invasion; mitotic activity; pigmentation type; existence of ulceration; and sex of the patient. Multivariate analysis based on Breslow's version of the Cox proportional-hazards model was performed on a group of 110 patients. This analysis demonstrated that 5 of the original 13 variables (i.e., mitotic activity, tumor thickness, sex, lymphadenectomy, and site of primary melanoma) could be used to develop a prognostic model. A Gompertz distribution which provided for an appropriate smoothing of the Breslow model estimates was used to derive a simple prognostic index and to predict the survival of individual patients. Fifty-four patients in a prospective study were subsequently evaluated with the Gompertz model in order to test the prognostic accuracy of the model for the five variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Oogenesis in Centropages typicus (Copepoda, Calanoida)].

We carried out a complete study of oogenesis in Centropages typicus using structural, ultrastructural and cytochemical data. The usual stages of oogenesis, i.e. germinative phase, premeiosis, primary and secondary vitellogenesis, were found. The latter two stages were the most typical. Primary vitellogenesis consisted of endogenous yolk accumulations; these substances, probably of lipoprotein or lipoglycoprotein nature, were produced at the granular endoplasmic reticulum level and then stocked in the reticulum cavities. During secondary vitellogenesis, endogenous yolk production continued, but we mainly observed the development of exogenous yolk accumulation (lipid droplets and protein globules) in the ooplasm. These accumulations resulted from the fusion of very numerous pinocytotic vesicles arising from the oolemma and containing substances probably brought to the oocytes by the hemolymph. The effect of various proteases on the vitellus globules caused a more or less marked digestion of their contents, tending to prove their protein nature. The end of vitellogenesis was marked by the appearance of vacuolar formations with dense lamellae which could correspond to cortical granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Prognostic histopathological features of cutaneous malignant melanomas. New statistical approach (author's transl)].

The records of 203 Cutaneous Malignant Melanomas treated at the Centre René Huguenin in Saint-Cloud from october, 1959 to december, 1978 were reviewed. The histologic data were reexamined and 155 cases were retained. Previously classified according to the histologic type and the invasion level of Clark, they were evaluated according to the thickness of the tumor by the ocular micrometer in 100 ths of a millimeter, as was done by Breslow. Other histologic data were collected for each case. Clinical and therapeutic informations and carcinologic events were gathered together. From this research, 155 cases were proved significant in accordance with Multifactorial Statistic Analysis. This study pointed out significant facts: 1) The thickness of the tumor is the utmost important factor, i.e. correlative with survival rate, recurrence and metastasis. 2) Starting with a short number of histologic and clinical variables it seems possible to draw a profile of a patient with cutaneous malignant melanoma and to obtain a precise prognosis and so prepare complementary treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Results of a survey of the risk factors involved in the incidence of female breast cancer (author's transl)].

A survey of the risk factors involved in the incidence of female breast cancer was conducted in the Hauts-de-Seine and Yvelines departments, near Paris. Two hundred and fifty thousand questionnaires were sent out; 18000 women replied. The family risk factor appeared in 15% of the replies, including 6% which concerned the closest relatives (mother and/or sister). Correlations are established between the various factors, and conclusions are drawn about the possibility of cancer detection according to graded risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Radical surgery and radiation in carcinoma of the uterine cervix and results (author's transl)].

A radical panhysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed immediately after intracavitary radiation in 240 cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In some cases external radiation was performed after surgery. The 10 years survival rate was: 76 per cent in 169 stage I, 57 per cent in 71 stage II. Twenty seven patients died from recurrence or metastasis. Iatrogenic urinary tract complications were responsible of the death in 12 cases. All these cases were submitted to external radiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relationship of presence of progesterone receptors to prognosis in early breast cancer.

The presence of progesterone receptors was found to be associated with a favorable prognosis in 98 patients with primary breast cancer. The occurrence of metastases was 3.6 times less probable in patients with progesterone receptor-positive tumors than in patients with progesterone receptor-negative tumors. There was also an inverse relationship between the concentration of progesterone receptor and the frequency of metastases. However, there was no statistical correlation between frequency of local recurrences and progesterone receptor content of the tumor. In patients displaying clinical or histological criteria of gravity, the presence of progesterone receptors allowed us to define subgroups with good prognosis. Thus, in women with progesterone receptor-positive cancers, metastases had occurred at 18 months, in only 5% of the 39 Grade III cancers and in none of the 25 cases with invaded axillary nodes. Measurement of estradiol receptor (105 patients including the previous 98 patients) was found to be less effective for guiding the prognosis of early breast cancer. Combined evaluation of estradiol and progesterone receptors did not provide any more information than did the determination of progesterone receptor alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Detachment of Descemet's membrane in cataract surgery].

Six cases are reported of detachment of Descemet's membrane as a complication of the extraction of 1253 cataracts--a frequency of 0.5%. In two of the cases faulty surgical technique was thought to be the cause of the detachment. There appears to be an anatomic predisposition for detachment in the elderly. In two patients Descemet's membrane reattached itself without postoperative sequelae. On the other hand, in spite of complete clinical reattachment of the membrane in three patients and partial reattachment in another, stromal and epithelial edema at the level of the detachment persisted and progressed to stromal opacity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Mortality due to carcinoma of the stomach between 1954 and 1974. Changes in France (author's transl)].

A study of changes in mortality due to carcinoma of the stomach in France between 1954 and 1974 was undertaken on the basis of probable levels standardised on the French population in 1968. There was a marked fall in this mortality for both sexes. In the male, the initial level in 1954 was 54.8/100 000 and the decrease was of the order of 1.35 deaths per 100 000 per year, i.e. an annual fall of -3.21%. This phenomenon was more marked during the second period (1965--1974): - 3.88%, than during the first period (1954--1963: - 2.38%. In the female, with an initial mortality rate of 31.25/100 000, the annual decrease was 31.25/100 000, i.e. an annual fall of - 3.49%. This fall was - 3.09% for the first ten year period and - 4.80% for the second period. Thus in France, in common with many other countries, there has been a marked decrease in mortality due to carcinoma of the stomach, for both sexes, and this phenomenon became progressively more notable during the period of the study.

Female↗