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Biomedical subjects

M Brunette

Publications and source records attributed to M Brunette.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Recovery-oriented psychopharmacology: redefining the goals of antipsychotic treatment.

The traditional goals of psychopharmacology stem from the medical model. Rehabilitation interventions attempt to improve aspects of functioning in patients with chronic illnesses that are not responsive to biological intervention. Recovery is a concept emanating from the consumer self-help movement. It describes a move away from the patient role defined by a diagnostic label toward community membership defined by relationships and responsibilities in the community. Comprehensive care for people with psychotic disorders can include attention to each realm. This article provides an overview of the 3 models of care and describes a role for the psychopharmacologist in each as well as his or her unique potential to incorporate all 3. We outline potential synergistic benefits of integrating recovery-, rehabilitation-, and medical-model thinking into the practice of psychopharmacology and explore implications for the goals and outcomes of treatment for people with psychotic disorders.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Gender differences in homeless persons with schizophrenia and substance abuse.

The purpose of this study was to test the generalizability of previous research on gender differences between men and women with co-occurring schizophrenia and substance abuse. One hundred eight patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder involved in a study of treatment for homeless persons were interviewed for information regarding substance use, social functioning and support, comorbid disorders, victimization, medical illness, and legal troubles. We found that women had more children and were more socially connected than men. Women also had higher rates of sexual and physical victimization, comorbid anxiety and depression, and medical illness than men. We conclude that homeless women with dual disorders, like women with substance use disorders in the general population, have distinct characteristics, vulnerabilities, and treatment needs compared with men. In addition to comprehensive treatment of psychiatric and substance use disorders, gender-specific services should be developed, including prevention and treatment of victimization and related problems as well as help with accessing medical services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Long-term follow-up of rural involuntary clients.

A cohort of 72 persons who had entered a rural Oregon county's involuntary treatment system in 1979 through 1982 was followed for six years. While schizophrenia was the most frequent diagnosis, several other conditions were represented including adjustment disorders, organic mental disorders, and substance abuse. The majority (55%) of persons with organic mental disorders died as did 12% of the individuals with schizophrenia. The overall mortality rate was three times the expected figure (p = .002). During the follow-up period, only 39% of the initial cohort received treatment from a community mental health program whereas 28% were newly admitted (involuntarily) to a state mental hospital. Hospital recividism was most likely among individuals who had had prior involuntary treatment. At least in rural areas, the civil commitment system seems to serve both "infrequent" and "persistent" users. Infrequent users mainly have diagnoses of adjustment disorders and/or substance abuse. Persistent users chiefly have diagnoses of organic mental disorders, mood disorders, or schizophrenia. Modifying the involuntary treatment system to take account of this heterogeneous population's diverse needs is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fast sampling, rapid filtration apparatus: principal characteristics and validation from studies of D-glucose transport in human jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles.

Kinetic data in (brush-border) membrane vesicles which rely on the validity of the initial rate assumption for their interpretation and depend on tracer flux studies using the rapid filtration technique for their experimental measurement have been limited to some extent by the absence of techniques that would allow for real-time data analysis. In this paper, we report on our successful design of a fast sampling, rapid filtration apparatus (FSRFA) which seems to fill up this technical gap since showing the following characteristics: (i) rapid injection (5 msec) and mixing (less than 100 msec) of small amounts of vesicles (10-40 microliters) with an incubation medium (0.2-1.0 ml); (ii) fast (20 to 80 msec depending on the sample volume) and multiple (up to 18 samples at a maximal rate of 4 sec) sampling of the uptake mixture followed by rapid quenching in the stop solution (approximately 5 msec) according to a predetermined time schedule (any time combination from 0.25 to 9999 sec); and (iii) fast, automated, and sampling-synchronized filtration and washings of the quenched uptake medium (only 15-20 sec are necessary for the first filtration followed by two washings and extra filtrations). As demonstrated using adult human jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles and Na(+)-D-glucose cotransport as models, the FSRFA accurately reproduces the manual aspects of the rapid filtration technique while allowing for very precise initial rate determinations. Moreover, the FSRFA has also been designed to provide as much versatility as possible and, in its present version, allows for a very precise control of the incubation temperature and also permits a few efflux protocols to be performed. Finally, its modular design, which separates the fast sampling unit from the rapid filtration device, should help in extending its use to fields other than transport measurement.

Biological Transport↗