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Biomedical subjects

M Butler

Publications and source records attributed to M Butler.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Phospholipid changes in synaptic membranes by lipolytic enzymes and subsequent restoration of opiate binding with phosphatidylserine.

A study has been made of the role of phosphatidylserine in stereospecific opiate binding to neural membranes, utilizing specific lipolytic enzymes to attack the lipid. At very low concentrations phospholipase A2 from bee venom will preferentially hydrolyze C22:6-fatty acid; and even after a few percent of the total phosphatidylserine is hydrolyzed, opiate binding is greatly inhibited. The addition of brain phosphatidylserine will restore opiate binding; however, when the inhibition approaches 50% restoration is only partial. Exposure of membranes to phosphatidylserine decarboxylase will partially inhibit opiate binding; and the binding returns to the control level after the addition of phosphatidylserine. The partial inhibition of opiate binding by low concentrations of Triton X-100, which presumably remove lipids, can be partially reversed by phosphatidylserine. The binding of 3H-naloxone, an opiate antagonist, is similar to agonists in its behavior towards phospholipases and phosphatidylserine; however, binding of naltrexone, also an antagonist, is far less responsive. It is concluded that the phosphatidylserine associated with the opiate receptor is the C18:0, 22:6-diacyl form, which is closely associated with protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The behaviour of f2 coliphage in activated sludge treatment.

A model activated sludge treatment plant was used which was functionally very similar to a full-scale plant. It was inoculated with f2 coliphage and the titres of virus in the influent, the mixed liquor and the effluent were monitored regularly. The distribution of the virus in the solids and liquid fractions of the mixed liquor was in the ratio of 18:82 and 20.4% of the influent virus was recovered in the effluent. After inoculation was stopped the titre of virus in the solids fraction of the mixed liquor remained high and unaltered for up to 70 h, whereas the value for effluent reverted to the low background titre originally present. These results are discussed in relation to those reported for poliovirus and it is concluded that f2 coliphage is not a suitable model for studies of the behaviour of human enteroviruses.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural features of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in tracheal explants under transmission and stereoscan electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural features of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in tracheal explants were examined using the transmission and stereoscan electron microscope. The organisms were characteristically cocco-bacilliform except when in close contact with the host cells when they assumed an elongated and irregular form characteristically terminating in a bleb which was often embedded in the cell surface. In such organisms there were peripherally aligned fibrillar structures oriented towards the bleb which may have a functional relationship with a probing or moving habit of the mycoplasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Changes in granulopoiesis detected by in vitro colony formation in acute lymphatic leukaemia.

Patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL) could be divided into two groups at diagnosis--those whose peripheral blood and/or bone marrow exhibited in vitro colony formation and those in whom it did not, but this finding did not appear to correlate with any clinical or haematological parameter, or with prognosis. The colonly-forming potential of patients with ALL in their first full remission, early relapse or second remission did not deviate significantly from previously established normal values, but the colony-forming potential of patients in early remission was very significantly reduced. No loss of colony-forming potential of normal marrow cells was noted when they were cultured with cells from patients with ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Communicating cancer control to the public.

A fifty-year historical review of public communications research, an analysis of factors influencing communication effectiveness, descriptions of fifteen cancer public communication programs, and recommendations for future cancer communications programs are presented. The programs described were specific to five cancer sites, were targeted to six types of audiences and included several types of educational objectives and communication modes. Recommendations include greater use of social science literature and evaluative designs in program planning; cooperative research to provide data suitable for educational diagnosis; and standardization of evaluation results to document effectiveness of techniques and strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Age differences in vitamin B6 status of 617 men.

The effect of age on vitamin B6 metabolism was studied in 617 community-dwelling subjects, ages 18 to 90. These are, for the most part, clinically healthy, educated men whose intake of nutrients is not limited by economic factors. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) was used as the primary criterion of vitamin B6 status. About one-third of the subjects were taking supplementary vitamins on their own initiative. The amount of pyridoxine-HCl varied from 0.1 to 105 mg/day. The average plasma PLP of the men not taking a supplement (N = 414) was 12.3 +/-0.3 ng/ml, with 25% of the values below 7.5 ng/ml and 7% below 5 ng/ml. There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma PLP with age of 0.9 ng/ml per decade. For those taking a supplement, the average plasma PLP was 20.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, with only 8% of the values below 7.5 ng/ml and none below 5 ng/ml. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity in plasma (PGOT) and erythrocytes (EGOT) was determined on all subjects. The ratio of EGOT with in vitro stimulation by PLP to EGOT actual (alpha-EGOT) was also studied. These studies provide the most extensive normative data on vitamin B6 status available on men in the adult years of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Dapsone in rheumatoid arthritis.

After a preliminary period of observation, 71 patients with consistently active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were given dapsone 50 mg daily for one week, then 100 mg daily. There was a significant improvement in subjective clinical state and there were significant falls in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the ESR; the Rose-Waaler titre (RW) did not fall. The results were compared with those in 78 patients who had gold. Subjective clinical improvement was slower with gold, but from six weeks the pattern of changes in clinical score, CRP and ESR was similar for both drugs. The RW fell during gold treatment. The results suggest dapsone is effective in RA; over-all it appears to be slightly less effective than gold but much less toxic.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Amino acids attached to transfer ribonucleic acid in vivo.

1. tRNA was extracted from rabbit liver by both the phenol and diethyl pyrocarbonate methods under conditions preventing deacylation of the amino acids attached in vivo. 2. After deacylation 12 amino acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, by using the flame-ionization and nitrogen-sensitive thermionic detectors. 3. Comparison of the distribution of 12 amino acids attached to tRNA with those contained in total tissue protein and in the free pool showed little correlation. 4. Results for the enzymic charging assay for tRNA in vitro did not correlate satisfactorily with the analysis of amino acids attached to tRNA in vivo. Marked differences were ntoed in comparison made between our own and other published results.

Amino Acids↗