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Biomedical subjects

M C Allwood

Publications and source records attributed to M C Allwood.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Assessment of trace element compatibility in total parenteral nutrition infusions.

The application of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy to detect elements collected from TPN mixtures on membrane filters has been investigated. Many simple total parenteral nutrition mixtures prepared aseptically in large bags can be stored for extended periods. Trace elements are normally excluded from such bags, because not enough is known about their long-term stability and compatibility in total parenteral nutrition mixtures. Assessing the compatibility of many trace elements by conventional methods that rely on detecting concentration changes is extremely difficult. Analysis of precipitates from total parenteral nutrition mixtures confirmed that the proposed method was capable of identifying a number of elements from the mixture in complex precipitates, including calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper and selenium.

Electron Probe Microanalysis↗
PubMed1991

The stability of four catecholamines in 5% glucose infusions.

The stability of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and dobutamine in 5% glucose infusion minibags stored at 5 degrees C was determined. Results indicated that noradrenaline (16 and 40 mg/l) and dobutamine (1 and 5 g/l) were relatively stable with t/95% values in excess of 30 days. Adrenaline and dopamine were less stable. The t/95% values were approximately 20 and 14 days respectively.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1990

BIPP--how does it work?

The antibacterial activity of BIPP and its constituents against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured by growth inhibition tests. BIPP was found to have negligible antibacterial activity. In addition, no release of iodine from BIPP was detected over a 4-week period. It is proposed that much of the evident antibacterial activity of BIPP may be a reflection of the meticulous surgical debridement that accompanies its use. In addition, BIPP makes the impregnated gauze impervious to blood and body fluids ensuring little nutrition for bacteria to thrive in its interstices.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1990

Effect of ciprofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine was studied in six healthy male volunteers before and during a 6-day course of 750 mg oral ciprofloxacin b.d. Antipyrine clearance was significantly decreased and the half-life significantly prolonged (P less than 0.05) during ciprofloxacin treatment. No significant difference in the apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine was observed. The results of this study suggest that ciprofloxacin is a potent inhibitor of hepatic drug metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The compatibility of calcium phosphate in paediatric TPN infusions.

The addition of calcium phosphate to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusions is investigated with particular reference to factors affecting the solubility of the salt. Recommendations are made about the most appropriate method for adding calcium phosphate to paediatric and neonatal TPN products.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1977

The potential for contamination of intravenous infusions by airborne skin scales.

Skin scales may be attracted onto the surface of administration set connector needles before insertion into infusion containers. Viable microorganisms associated with skin scales may therefore gain access to the infusion by this route. A technique is described for creating an environment of airborne skin scales. This environment is used to examine the attraction of skin scales onto the surface of administration set connector needles and three other materials. After exposure, skin scales are found adhering to the surface of each material examined. The attraction of skin scales onto administration set connector needles is dependent on the time of exposure to the environment. Results suggest that intravenous infusions can be contaminated by this route when the infusion and administration set is assembled.

Air↗
PubMed1976

Intravenous infusion bottle plugs as a source of microbial contamination.

A technique was described for the artificial contamination of the upper surface of intravenous infusion container plugs with viable micro-organisms. This technique was employed to assess the adequacy of decontamination of two designs of plug by the use of antiseptic swabbing. Results indicated that the MRC plug surface was more difficult to sterilize than that of the Travenol plug. The possibility of contamination of the infusion fluid during insertion of the giving-set needle was examined. Results indicated that there was a risk of contamination through the administration-set port of the MRC plug if swabbing was inadequate.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed1975

Pressure changes in bottles during sterilization by autoclaving.

A method is described to measure changes in pressure inside a bottle during autoclaving without disturbing the integrity of the seal. Experiments showed that, in a perfectly sealed bottle, the pressure rose to a maximum of 58.2 psi absolute. If the rubber linear was unable to maintain the seal, air leaked slowly from the bottle both during the heating-up and the early sterilization period.

Drug Packaging↗