PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M C Camargo

Publications and source records attributed to M C Camargo.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Predictors related to the occurrence of a measles epidemic in the city of São Paulo in 1997.

A matched case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for measles during an epidemic that occurred in 1997 in the city of São Paulo, in the Brazilian state of the same name. Measles cases from the city of São Paulo from 1 January 1997 to 15 August 1997 were included in the study. The criteria for case definition were age below 30 years, having received no measles vaccine 5-21 days before the onset of rash, and laboratory confirmation by IgM antibodies detection. From a bank of confirmed measles cases, 130 cases for each of five age ranges (under 1 year, 1-5 years, 6-20 years, 21-24 years, and 25-29 years) were picked at random according to a systematic criterion proportional to the number of cases in seven areas of the city. Data were collected through a home survey, and for each measles case studied two controls matched by age and place of residence were selected. The matched conditional logistic regression analysis for the potential risk factors from the univariate analysis showed that the best predictors for acquiring measles during the epidemic were: lack of measles vaccination, previous contact with a measles-like disease at home or on the job, having been born either outside the state of São Paulo or in a rural area, being employed, and spending time in a semiclosed institution, such as a nursery, day care center, or school. The risk factors were not homogeneous for the different age groups. The data in the present survey suggest that, in addition to lack of vaccination, other risk factors should be considered when planning a measles vaccination strategy for a developing country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Caffeine daily intake from dietary sources in Brazil.

A survey on the potential intake of caffeine was carried out in Campinas, SP, Brazil, in the summer of 1993. The survey was based on a representative sample of 600 individuals, 9-80 years old, who were asked about their habitual usage of coffee, tea, chocolate products and carbonated beverages. Caffeine levels in the products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV-visible detector at 254 nm. Individual daily intakes (mg/kg b.w.) of caffeine were calculated from the consumption data generated by the survey and the caffeine content of the analysed products. Of all those interviewed, 81% consumed soft drinks regularly, 75% coffee, 65% chocolate products and 37% tea. Of the analysed products, coffee showed the highest amount of caffeine. The average and median potential daily intake of caffeine by the studied population were, respectively, 2.74 and 1.85 mg/kg b.w. Coffee, tea, chocolate products and carbonated beverages accounted for median individual daily intakes of 1.90, 0.32, 0.19, and 0.19 mg/kg b.w., respectively. These data show that coffee is the most important vehicle for caffeine intake within the studied population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Serological survey for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in stray dogs in the S. Paulo State, Brazil].

A serological survey was made in 973 stray dogs caught near green areas in S. Paulo county by the indirect immunofluorescence test. No positive serum was found, however autochthonous human cases of ACL that occurred in the county show the circulation of the parasite in the environment. This fact, associated with the existence of the vectors and the apparent absence of infected dogs in the areas studied, suggest that stray dog plays an insignificant role in the spread of the parasite. The cycle of the parasite in São Paulo county has been maintained by wild animals, hence the dog would be an accidental host just as humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and septicemia by serum counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

We compare the results obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid with microbiologic methods for 3,298 patients suspected of bacterial meningitis and/or septicemia at Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, in a retrospective study of the period from July 1998 to July 1994. Of the 415 patients (12.6% of the total cases studied) who were positive by the serum test, only 249 (7.6% of the total cases studied) were also positive when cerebrospinal fluid was assayed. Thus, 40% of the positives (5.6% of the total) were identifiable by analysis of serum but not of cerebrospinal fluid. Neisseria meningitidis accounted for 77.7% (129) and Haemophilus influenzae for 22.3% (37) of the positive results obtained only when serum was examined. These data show that although sensitivity and specificity of serum counterimmunoelectrophoresis are relatively low compared to cerebrospinal fluid counterimmunoelectrophoresis, the serum test is necessary to complement cerebrospinal fluid counterimmunoelectrophoresis data.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Protective efficacy of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis is the most common cause of epidemic meningococcal disease in developed countries. Until recently no vaccine has been available for prevention of infection with this organism. In an attempt to control epidemic serogroup B meningococcal disease in greater Sao Paulo, Brazil, during 1989 and 1990, a Cuban-produced outer-membrane-protein-based serogroup B meningococcal vaccine was given to about 2.4 million children aged from 3 months to 6 years. We have done a case-control study to estimate the efficacy of the vaccine in greater Sao Paulo. Microbiologically confirmed cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease were identified through hospital-based surveillance. Controls were matched by neighbourhood and age. Vaccination status was confirmed by inspection of vaccination cards. Between June, 1990, and June, 1991, 112 patients and 409 matched controls with confirmed vaccine status were enrolled. Estimated vaccine efficacy varied by age: 48 months or older = 74% (95% Cl 16 to 92%), 24 to 47 months = 47% (-72 to 84%), and less than 24 months = -37% (< -100 to 73%). Our results suggest that the Cuban-produced vaccine may be effective for prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease in older children and adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evidence that a putative anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody may actually be recognizing circulating immune complexes.

Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting with affinity-purified antihistone antibodies (AHA) from serum of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were obtained. One of them, 8B3, was initially considered to recognize idiotypic (Id) determinants in AHA since (a) it reacted with AHA but not with control IgG; (b) this reactivity could be inhibited using affinity-purified AHA, but not with control IgG or whole serum; (c) affinity-isolated 8B3+ antibodies showed antihistone activity and not other activities tested so far; (d) antihistone activity due to 8B3+, but not that of 8B3- from the same serum, could be fully inhibited by the presence of 8B3 mAb in the antihistone assay and (e) serum levels of 8B3 reactivity were higher than normal in SLE patients with AHA (56%), in contrast with SLE patients without AHA (6%). From these results it was deduced that 8B3 defined a cross-reactive Id shared by a subset of AHA in SLE patients. However, the present results suggest that (a) 8B3 mAb did not recognize AHA or Ig, but did recognize a 55 kDa histone-binding protein; (b) this 55 kDa protein was present free at low concentration in all human sera, but also associated with IgG in 8B3+ SLE sera and (c) these complexes are responsible for the false positive results in the antihistone assay as shown for DNA/anti-DNA complexes. Thus, mAbs recognizing the non-Ig moiety of circulating immune complexes may resemble anti-Id antibodies with features of the so-called epibodies. These immune complexes may be responsible for false positive results and caution should be exercised in the interpretation of results.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Emergence of a new clone of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis in São Paulo, Brazil.

Serogroup C isolates of Neisseria meningitidis recovered from 121 patients with meningitis or septicemia in Greater São Paulo, Brazil, between 1976 and 1990 were analyzed with respect to serotype and multilocus enzyme genotype. The distribution of serotypes has changed since 1989 when serotype 2b started to replace serotype 2a. There were 48 distinct multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types [ETs]) and 13 distinct complexes. Among the 41 serotype C:2b:- strains analyzed, 38 (93%) were found in complex 11. The percentage of complex 11 increased from 8% in 1988 to 50 and 66% in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Although we have been in an epidemic situation due to serogroup B:4:P1.15 ET-5 complex since 1988, the appearance and increase of a new unrelated strain, C:2b:- of ET-11 complex, in 1989 and 1990 provide enough data to conclude that the presence of two different complexes, ET-5 and -11, of N. meningitidis were responsible for the high levels of meningococcal disease in Greater São Paulo during this period.

Brazil↗
PubMed1992

Ongoing group B Neisseria meningitidis epidemic in São Paulo, Brazil, due to increased prevalence of a single clone of the ET-5 complex.

Beginning in 1988, the incidence of meningococcal disease in the area of greater São Paulo began to surpass the upper confidence limit of an 8-year average incidence (from 1979 to 1986), thus characterizing a new epidemic in the region of greater São Paulo. This epidemic, which extended to 1990, was different from previous epidemics in that it was caused by serogroup B. The increased incidence of meningococcal disease was paralleled by an increased prevalence of a single group B clone, B:4:P1.15, of the ET-5 complex. ET-5 strains have been present in the greater São Paulo area since 1979; however, they have been associated with a high percentage of the group B disease only from 1987 to the present. On the basis of the increased incidence of group B disease in São Paulo, a mass vaccination program with a serotype 4:P1.15 meningococcal protein vaccine was undertaken. The impact of this vaccination program is under analysis.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Measles antibody prevalence after mass immunization in São Paulo, Brazil.

In 1987, a mass immunization campaign against measles was carried out in the greater metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. During a ten-day period, 4,194,174 children from 9 months to 14 years old, representing 86% of the target population, were vaccinated regardless of their previous vaccination status. Four months later, the prevalence of measles antibodies was evaluated through a random seroepidemiological survey. The survey included all children in greater São Paulo between one month and 14 years old, irrespective of campaign participation. Blood samples were collected on filter-paper and tested for measles antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. Negative or doubtful cases were tested again using an immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Of the 8661 samples included in the study, 8146 (94.1%) were positive for measles antibody. In children aged one year or more a significant difference in antibody prevalence was observed when comparing those who were vaccinated during the mass immunization (98.0%) with those who did not participate in the campaign (91.3%). In addition, after the immunization, a marked and immediate decrease was observed in incidence rates for measles cases notified to the State Secretary of Health, falling from 222/100,000 inhabitants in 1987 to 2.7/100,000 in 1988. These data suggest that mass immunization can serve as an additional strategy for the rapid control of measles in developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of rubella antibodies in a non-immunized urban population, São Paulo, Brazil. The Division of Immunization, CVE.

The prevalence of rubella antibodies was evaluated through a random seroepidemiological survey in 1400 blood samples of 2-14 year old children and in 329 samples of umbilical cord serum. Rubella IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the sera were collected in 1987, five years before the mass vaccination campaign with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine carried out in the city of São Paulo in 1992. A significant increase in prevalence of rubella infection was observed after 6 years of age, and 77% of the individuals aged from 15 to 19 years had detectable rubella antibodies. However, the seroprevalence rose to 90.5% (171/189) in cord serum samples from children whose mothers were 20 to 29 years old, and reached 95.6% in newborns of mothers who were 30 to 34 years old, indicating that a large number of women are infected during childbearing years. This study confirms that rubella infection represents an important Public Health problem in São Paulo city. The data on the seroprevalence of rubella antibodies before the mass vaccination campaign reflects the baseline immunological status of this population before any intervention and should be used to design an adequate vaccination strategy and to assess the seroepidemiological impact of this intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B serotype 4 in São Paulo, Brazil, 1990 to 1996.

A large epidemic of serogroup B meningococcal disease (MD), has been occurring in greater São Paulo, Brazil, since 1988. A Cuban-produced vaccine, based on outer-membrane-protein (OMP) from serogroup B: serotype 4: serosubtype P1.15 (B:4:P1.15) Neisseria meningitidis, was given to about 2.4 million children aged from 3 months to 6 years during 1989 and 1990. The administration of vaccine had little or no measurable effects on this outbreak. In order to detect clonal changes that could explain the continued increase in the incidence of disease after the vaccination, we serotyped isolates recovered between 1990 and 1996 from 834 patients with systemic disease. Strains B:4:P1.15, which was detected in the area as early as 1977, has been the most prevalent phenotype since 1988. These strains are still prevalent in the area and were responsible for about 68% of 834 serogroup B cases in the last 7 years. We analyzed 438 (52%) of these strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) of rRNA genes (ribotyping). The most frequent pattern obtained was referred to as Rb1 (68%). We concluded that the same clone of B:4:P1.15-Rb1 strains was the most prevalent strain and responsible for the continued increase of incidence of serogroup B MD cases in greater São Paulo during the last 7 years in spite of the vaccination trial.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Occurrence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an agricultural settlement in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil].

During previous research on phlebotomine fauna in a settlement of the Brazilian National Agrarian Reform Institute (INCRA) on the Bodoquena Range, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, dogs were observed with clinical aspects suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis. A serological survey to leishmaniasis in 97 dogs, by indirect immunofluorescence test, showed 23 (23.7%) serum positive dogs. Samples of the parasites were identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Non fermentative gram negative bacilli isolated in a hospital laboratory].

OBJECTIVE: To report a prospective study on non fermentative gramnegative bacilli, excluded Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated at Dr. Julio C. Perrando Hospital in Resistencia (Argentina). The goal of this study was to know their frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For bacterial identifications we used biochemical tests. RESULTS: The greatest percentages of non fermentative gramnegative bacilli isolates were found in blood samples (25%), respiratory secretions and urine (23.9%). Acinetobacter baumannii (34.7%), Pseudomonas fluorescens/Pseudomonas putida (15.2%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (9.7%) and Burkholderia cepacia (8.7%) were the non fermentative gramnegative bacilli species most commonly isolated. Distribution of microorganism strains according to samples and area is also assessed. Antimicrobial sensitivity of most commonly isolated non fermentative gramnegative bacilli strain analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that non fermentative gramnegative bacilli are most frequently present in hospitalized that in outpatients and antibacterial therapy must be provided according to bacteriological information.

Argentina↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Leptospirosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hemagglutination Tests↗