Biomedical subjects

M C Copin

Publications and source records attributed to M C Copin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

ICAM-1, E-selectin, and TNF alpha expression in labial salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of ICAM1, VCAM1, E-selectin, CD44, and TNF alpha in labial salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. METHODS: Labial salivary glands from six patients with rheumatoid vasculitis before and after treatment, six aged matched rheumatoid arthritis patients without clinical evidence of rheumatoid vasculitis, 10 patients with primary Sjögren syndrome, 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and proven secondary Sjögren syndrome, and six controls were tested with specific antibodies. RESULTS: ICAM1, E-selectin, and TNF alpha were significantly expressed in endothelial cells and perivascular cellular infiltrate only in rheumatoid vasculitis before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of ICAM1, E-selectin, and TNF alpha allows an assessment of the activity of the vasculitic process in rheumatoid vasculitis. Labial salivary gland biopsy findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and visceral vasculitis without purpura or neuropathy (that is, mesenteric, coronary, or cerebral vasculitis) would be of interest and are examples where labial salivary gland tissue is more accessible than the affected tissue.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1997

MCP-1 secretion in lung from nonsmoking patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis.

Exposure to coal dust leads to the development of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP), a disease associated with an accumulation of macrophages in the lower respiratory tract. Mechanisms controlling monocyte recruitment are still poorly understood. Since monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is recognized as a potent chemotactic factor for blood monocytes, we analysed the presence of MCP-1 in the pulmonary compartment of patients with CWP. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 16 nonsmoking control subjects and 27 nonsmoking CWP patients (16 with simple pneumoconiosis (SP) and 11 with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF)) was analysed. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were purified by adherence and BALF was concentrated tenfold by lyophilization. MCP-1 was measured in BALF and in 3 h AM supernatants using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The localization of MCP-1 in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from three patients with CWP and two control subjects. MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in concentrated BALF from patients with SP or PMF (median 370 and 555 pg x mL-1, respectively) than in those from control subjects (median 11 pg x mL-1) (p<0.001). Released MCP-1 in AM supernatants was enhanced in patients with CWP (median 83 pg x mL-1) but compared to controls (median 41 pg x mL-1) this level did not reach significance. Although significantly increased, AM counts in BALF from patients with CWP did not correlate with MCP-1 levels. MCP-1 levels in BALF correlated with MCP-1 levels in AM supernatants (p=0.47; p<0.02). In control lung specimens, MCP-1 was expressed by a few AMs, type II pneumocytes and perivascular smooth muscle cells. CWP sections were characterized by an increased number of AMs and mainly by the presence of fibroblasts (in the myogenic area of fibrotic lesions) and hyperplastic type II pneumocytes, which were strongly immunostained for MCP-1. Our data demonstrate that: 1) patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis have a marked pulmonary overproduction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; and 2) in addition to alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts (probably myofibroblasts) and hyperplastic type II pneumocytes may also be responsible for this increased level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in coal worker's pneumoconiosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Pulmonary artery hypertension caused by carcinomatous lymphangitis ].

A 58 year old man without significant past medical history developed a cough and effort dyspnoea of a few weeks. A computed tomographic scan showed bilateral interstitial disease with linear thickening of the septa and also a ground glass effect in the lung parenchyma. Echocardiography and right heart catheterisation confirmed the existence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 45 mmHg) with a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (12 mmHg). There was a rapidly progressive worsening with an unfavourable outcome. A necropsy examination showed the development of bilateral pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis secondary to an adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. There was no metastatic emboli of the vessels but there was lymphatic infiltration and the physiopathological hypothesis suggested a compression of the pulmonary arterial vessels secondary to lymphatic obstruction.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

[Juvenile xanthogranuloma localized in the parotid gland].

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of parotid gland is reported in a 9-year-old boy. This kind of tumor is thought to be very rare in salivary glands. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data showed characteristic features and excluded a Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Follow-up was uneventful after 18 months.

Child↗

PubMed1997

Retroperitoneoscopy for the diagnosis of infiltrating retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and masses.

BACKGROUND: Retroperitoneoscopy (RPS) is a form of direct vision endoscopy, used to explore the retroperitoneal space, and was first described by Bartel in 1969. METHODS: RPS was performed prospectively to diagnose infiltrating retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy or masses when needle aspiration biopsy under computed tomographic guidance (NABCT) failed to establish a definite diagnosis. RESULTS: From May 1985 to August 1995, RPS was performed in 118 patients (121 procedures). Mean hospital stay was 2.4 (range 2-5) days. The peroperative and perioperative morbidity rate was 6.6 per cent of the procedures. A precise diagnosis was obtained in 108 of the 118 patients. The sensitivity was 84 per cent for malignant lymphoma, 94 per cent for Hodgkin's lymphoma, 95 per cent for metastatic lymph nodes of carcinomas and 100 per cent for primary retroperitoneal tumours. The overall sensitivity was 91.5 per cent. CONCLUSION: RPS is an alternative procedure to NABCT when aspiration biopsy is not technically feasible because a lesion is too small to sample or failed to establish a precise histopathological diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Amyloidosis AL of the breast in an ileal carcinoid tumor].

An ileal tumor was detected in a patient with monoclonal plasmocytosis of the bone marrow (IgA Kappa). The pathological examination showed a carcinoid tumor with amyloid stroma. Immunotyping of the amyloidosis showed that it was stained with the antibody directed against light chain kappa, though the amyloidosis was located within a carcinoid tumor.

Amyloidosis↗

PubMed1996

Detection of enteroviral RNA by polymerase chain reaction in endomyocardial tissue of patients with chronic cardiac diseases.

Enteroviruses are suspected to be etiologic agents in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of enteroviral (EV) heart infection in patients with chronic cardiomyopathy was determined through detection of specific EV genomic sequences using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by slot blotting. Endomyocardial biopsies from the explanted hearts of 19 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 14 patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD) were examined. EV genome was detected in 11 of 19 patients with DCM and in 8 of 14 patients with CCD. Ventricular biopsies from the control group, which included 35 healthy heart patients and 33 patients with myocardial infarction, were negative by EV RT-PCR. The percentage of patients showing presence of EV-RNA was almost similar in the DCM (57.9%) and CCD (57.1%) groups. The present study demonstrates that enterovirus RNA sequences persist in the myocardium in a significant proportion of patients suffering from end-stage ischaemic and dilated cardiac diseases and supports the hypothesis of a possible direct link between EV infection and the pathogenesis of chronic heart disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Plasma cell granuloma of the lung: difficulties in diagnosis and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The nature of plasma cell granuloma of the lung is still not well defined. Its diagnosis can be difficult, and its long-term prognosis is uncertain. METHODS: Four patients, aged 4 1/2 to 45 years, had resection of a circumscribed plasma cell granuloma. In 1 of them, it was associated with a carcinoma. The fifth patient was treated by irradiation for an invasive form of plasma cell granuloma, which was diagnosed as malignant lymphoma 1 year later. The plasma cell granulomas had a similar polymorphic pattern and were polyclonal at immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The 3 patients treated by lobectomy, including the patient with an associated carcinoma, were alive and well at 12, 12, and 11 years postoperatively. The patient treated by pneumonectomy had recurrence 9 years later and died 11 years after operation: irradiation was not effective. The patient with lymphoma was treated by chemotherapy and was alive and in remission 5 years later. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The results of biopsy can be inconclusive, and an associated malignancy can be missed. Complete resection remains the best treatment. The long-term prognosis is unpredictable, and late and fatal recurrences are possible.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Bronchogenic cysts of the lung.

BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation of lung bronchogenic cysts (BC) is variable, from respiratory distress at birth to late appearance of symptoms. METHODS: This study of BC was based on a retrospective review of 41 cases: 21 infants and children and 20 adults, aged 1 day to 68 years. The diagnosis was antenatal in 4 cases. Three infants required mechanical ventilation, and 2 had their cyst drained before resection. Twenty infants and children and 17 adults underwent operations. RESULTS: Compression was the most important complication in infants and children. Cough, infection, and hemoptysis occurred later in life; 80% of the total population was symptomatic. Seven cysts were infected. There were no deaths after resection, and there was no recurrence of symptoms during the follow-up period (13 months to 21 years). CONCLUSIONS: Bronchogenic cysts originate from the foregut. Differentiation from other acquired or congenital lesions can be difficult. It is uncertain what proportion of BC remain asymptomatic. More than half of patients are diagnosed after the age of 15 years, and complications may appear late. Clinical findings and plain chest radiograms are often sufficient for diagnosis. Lobectomy is the standard treatment, whereas drainage is a temporary, palliative, and risky procedure in cases of life-threatening compression. We conclude that a symptomatic BC is an indication for resection and that the long-term prognosis of an asymptomatic BC is unpredictable. Thus, there is a role for preventive operations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Postresection irradiation for T2 N0 M0 non-small cell carcinoma: a prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Stage I nonirradiated T2 N0 non-small cell lung carcinoma has a postoperative prognosis not very different from stage II irradiated T1 N1 carcinoma. The hypothesis was that more locoregional malignant sites are overlooked in T2 N0 M0 than in T1 N0 M0 tumors, considering the better prognosis of this last group, and that T2 N0 cancer might benefit from postresection irradiation. METHODS: From 1985 to 1991, 163 non-small cell lung carcinomas were classified T2 N0 M0 and randomized for irradiation or nonirradiation after operation. After revision of all the cases, 132 were included in this study: 60 were irradiated and 72 were not irradiated. All were followed up. The study was closed in October 1995. Statistical analysis was then performed considering volume, location, cell type, survival, and recurrence in the two groups. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen patients were followed up during a minimum of 5 years: the survival was 44.2%. There was no significant difference considering cell type or irradiation. There was no recurrence-free survivor beyond 5 years with a tumor invading the visceral pleura. At the close of the study (follow up, 4 years 3 months to 10 years 1 month), 49 of 132 patients were alive. The median survival was 3 years 11 months. Fifty-nine patients had died of local (21) or distant (40) recurrences (2 patients had both local and distant recurrence). There was again no significant difference considering cell type or irradiation, either in the survival or in the mode of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Stage I T2 N0 M0 non-small cell lung carcinoma tends to manifest distant metastasis. Prospective studies of stratified systemic adjuvant therapy should improve the present moderate result of radical resection in this group of tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Aberrant expression of a human mucin gene (MUC5AC) in rectosigmoid villous adenoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Rectosigmoid villous adenomas (RVAs) account for approximately 10% of all colorectal tumors. They have distinct pathological features, including abundant mucus secretion, possible malignant transformation, and multiple recurrences after conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of any changes in mucin gene expression in RVAs. METHODS: In situ hybridization was used to examine mucin messenger RNA expression in a series of 22 patients with an RVA. Five normal rectal and colonic mucosae and five rectal adenocarcinomas were used as controls. RESULTS: In the 22 RVAs, we found an overexpression of MUC2 and an aberrant expression of MUC5AC. This MUC5AC expression was more intense in RVAs with low-grade dysplasia than in those cases with high-grade dysplasia. Moreover, in 4 cases, it was detected at a distance from the tumor in areas previously considered as normal by endoscopic and histological examination. CONCLUSIONS: MUC5AC seems to be a specific marker for RVAs and thus may be useful for the early detection of RVA recurrences after endoscopic laser treatment.

Adenoma, Villous↗

PubMed1996

Coxsackievirus B3-induced chronic myocarditis in mouse: use of whole blood culture to study the activation of TNF alpha-producing cells.

The pathogenesis of CVB3-induced chronic myocarditis remains unknown. Activated monocytes and macrophages may maintain ongoing inflammation during a persistent CVB3 infection and possibly represent the major mechanism leading to chronic myocarditis. We decided to study the activation status of cells by studying TNF alpha secretion in vitro using whole blood culture in CVB3-induced murine chronic myocarditis. Seven DBA/2 +/+ mice and 18 NMRI nu/nu mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5x10(5) pfu of CVB3, and mice were mock-infected. Thirty-one days post-infection, all mice were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained from the heart, and the heart was removed. Enteroviral genomic detection by RT-PCR, virus isolation and histological analysis of heart samples were performed. Heparinized whole blood (25 microliters) was cultured for 4 hr and 24 hr in sterile 96 well-plate containing 225 microliters RPMI in the presence or the absence of activators (LPS + PHA). The TNF alpha levels in the whole blood from mock-infected DBA/2 (n = 4) and NMRI nu/nu mice (n = 5) were not different. A moderate increase of TNF alpha was observed in three out of five DBA/2 mice with negative CVB3 that had no histological abnormalities in myocardium. An increased level of TNF alpha was found in the sole DBA/2 mouse with positive CVB3 detection and chronic myocarditis. An increased level of TNF alpha was found in one out of nine NMRI nu/nu mice with positive CVB3 detection and chronic myocarditis and in one out of seven mice with positive CVB3 detection exempt of lesions in myocardium. In other infected mice, the level of TNF alpha was normal. Enteroviral genome was not detected in the blood from infected mice at 31 days post-infection. The increased TNF alpha level in some mice may be designed for a beneficial inflammatory and immune response, however, an exaggerated release may be associated with an adverse effect. The normal TNF alpha level in whole blood cultures from mice with chronic myocarditis does not exclude enhanced cytokine production at infected loci such as myocardial tissue. This is the first report to use whole blood cultures to study the production of cytokines in virus-induced disease in a small animal model.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection technique in the diagnosis of emphysema: histopathologic-CT correlation.

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection technique in the detection of emphysema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 29 patients without radiographic evidence of emphysema and who were undergoing lung resection, focal spiral computed tomography (CT) was performed in the lobe to be resected. Ten contiguous 1-mm-thick CT scans and sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection images with slab thicknesses of 3-, 5-, and 8 mm were generated. From each image, the presence and extent of emphysema were recorded before histopathologic analysis was performed. To familiarize readers with the appearance of normal lung parenchyma on sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection images, five asymptomatic volunteers underwent scanning with a similar protocol. RESULTS: Emphysema was present on both thin-section CT scans and sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection images in 13 patients. In all cases, sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection images improved conspicuity of small areas of hypoattenuation. When thin-section CT scans were negative (n = 16), sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection images enabled identification of focal zones of hypoattenuation in four cases with histologic confirmation of emphysema. Sensitivity of thin-section CT (62%) and sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection technique (81%) were significantly different (P < .01); specificity for both was 100%. Emphysema was easier to detect on 8-mm-thick slabs because of better suppression of vascular structures. CONCLUSION: The sliding thin slab, minimum intensity projection technique enabled improved detection of mild forms of emphysema.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis versus incontinentia pigmenti: is pigmentary incontinence really a distinctive feature?

This report describes a 3-year-old boy who presented with skin lesions characterized by multiple streaks of hyperpigmentation following Blaschko's lines since 6 weeks of age. The clinical features are consistent with the diagnosis of linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (LWNH), but differ substantially from this entity by the pigmentary incontinence observed on both the paraffin and electron microscopy sections. Despite the presence of pigmentary incontinence, the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) can be ruled out on the basis that the patient is a male, with none of the characteristic anomalies present in this syndrome, and that he never presented with inflammatory or eruptive skin lesions. This observation suggests that pigmentary incontinence may not differentiate IP from LWNH as conclusively as previously reported in the literature.

Age of Onset↗

PubMed1996

Relationship between microbiologic and histologic features in bacterial pneumonia.

To investigate the relationship between the lung damage resulting from pneumonia and the local bacterial burden, we conducted a study comparing histologic and bacteriologic findings in pigs infected with bacterial pneumonia while free of antibiotic therapy and previous or concomitant lung disease. Seventy-eight lung specimens were obtained from 17 animals. The main findings are the following: (1) histologic lesions of pneumonia as well as parenchymal bacterial burden were unevenly distributed within the lungs and even within the lung segments; (2) specimens showing histologic evidence of pneumonia had significantly higher bacterial counts than specimens with bronchial infection and specimens with neither bronchial nor lung infection; (3) there was no significant difference in bacterial counts between lesions defined as pneumonia, confluent pneumonia and abscessed pneumonia; (4) we could not define a clearcut threshold for quantitative cultures to discriminate the presence or absence of pneumonia. This study providing experimental insights into the relationship between microbiologic and histologic features in bacterial pneumonia confirms previous findings in humans. Although, for investigational purpose, lung cultures can be helpful in determining the bacterial etiology of pneumonia, these data do not support the use of quantitative cultures for establishing a definite diagnosis of pneumonia.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Acute respiratory failure due to tracheobronchial involvement in Crohn's disease.

We present a case of tracheobronchial involvement in Crohn's disease, associated with respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation. Bronchoscopy revealed small, diffuse, whitish granulations and erythematous mucosa. Histopathology disclosed ulcerative bronchitis and noncaseating tuberculoid granuloma. The patient improved under a 6 week oral corticosteroid treatment followed by inhaled corticotherapy, without relapse of pulmonary symptoms.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

Familial peeling skin syndrome with eosinophilia: clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study of three cases.

OBJECTIVE: The clinicopathologic features of a rare familial form of congenital blister are analyzed to assess what factors could lead to the cutaneous split. METHODS: Three consanguinous newborn babies had a congenital ichthyosis with eosinophilia and elevated total immunoglobulin E. The type and level of the split were studied on skin biopsies performed on the first day of life. RESULTS: The level of the split was located within the corneocytes. Isolated eosinophilic granules were found at this site. Desmosomes and the dermoepidermal junction were intact. Blisters and eosinophilia resolved in 3 weeks, and there was no recurrence during 4 and 6 years of follow-up in two of the patients. CONCLUSION: Peeling skin syndrome is a rare blistering disorder of the newborn that should be recognized because it has a good prognosis. Eosinophils may play an important role in the cutaneous split of this congenital ichthyosis.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1996

[Treatment of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis using a GnRH agonist].

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare and exclusively female disease which is oestrogen dependent and has a serious prognosis. We present two cases of young women aged 30 and 33 with the same clinical history of renal angiomyolipomas and recurring pneumothoraces. The computerised tomographic scans of the lung were strongly suggestive of LAM (there were fine wall cysts which were disseminated throughout both lung fields). The histological proof was provided by lung biopsy which was carried out during a thoracotomy for pleurectomies. The first patient who is currently asymptomatic and in excellent general health, was treated for three months with tamoxifen (Nolvadex), then for 20 months with 3.75 mg per month of triptoline (Decapeptyl), an agonist of GnRH. The second patient received triptoline in the same dose. After 40 months of treatment this patient was asymptomatic with satisfactory lung function tests. Agonists of GnRH (gonadotropic release hormone) seem to provide a useful alternative in the treatment of LAM.

Adult↗