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Biomedical subjects

M C Howe

Publications and source records attributed to M C Howe.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer and its relation to prognosis and therapy.

AIMS: Histopathologists report the presence of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in up to a third of cases and are often questioned about its clinical relevance. The conclusions of previous studies have been inconsistent. This paper aims to provide an answer by examining a large series together with a comprehensive critique of the literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-nine cases of NSCLC were examined, immunohistochemically, using antibodies to chromogranin A (CGA), synaptophysin (SYN) and CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Three hundred and forty-one cases had been treated with surgical resection and the remainder with chemotherapy. The results were compared with clinical outcome. Thity-six percent of cases had positive staining for at least one NE marker. CGA was positive in 5.5% of cases, SYN in 16.5% and NCAM in 28%. There was no association between the presence of NE markers and survival in either the surgically treated group or the chemotherapy-treated group. There was also no association between NE markers and response to chemotherapy in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of immunohistochemically detected NE differentiation in NSCLC is not of prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Group treatment: goals, tasks, and economic implications.

OBJECTIVE: In 1993, a replication of a 1983 survey of occupational therapists who used group treatment in practice was administered in order to determine whether economic and demographic changes during the 10-year period altered the use of group treatment in the delivery of occupational therapy services. METHOD: The survey used in 1983 was updated with new questions regarding reimbursement and payment and was mailed to 307 practicing occupational therapists nationwide. Of the 188 respondents, who represented all areas of practice, 96 used group treatment and provided data on the 233 groups that they led. RESULTS: The two largest groups of occupational therapists who used group treatment worked in non-medical facilities (i.e., schools and community facilities). In general, group occupational therapy was activity oriented and small sized. Therapeutic goals included enhancing patients' task skills, communication and socialization skills, and physical abilities. Fifty-five percent of the 75 respondents to a reimbursement question indicated that there was no difference in the rate charged for individual versus group treatment. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapists continue to use group treatment in a variety of facilities and with many different groups. The differences between the 1983 and 1993 studies were largely due to demographics (e.g., the decrease in the number of therapists working in mental health settings.) Recent documentation of the cost-effectiveness of group treatment may promote its use in times of staff member shortages and restricted funds.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

Use of leisure time by cardiac patients.

There has been increasing evidence that psychological stress is a risk factor in the development of heart disease. How an individual copes with stress will determine its impact on his or her health. The literature proposes that the effects of stress can be minimized, reduced, or reversed by factors such as goal-directed activity, physical exercise, relaxation, or emotionally supportive relationships. An exploratory study was conducted to compare activity patterns and leisure concepts between matched groups of cardiac and noncardiac subjects. The data indicate trends in the differences between these two groups in activity patterns and in the variety of activities that characterized their leisure time. The results suggest areas for occupational therapy intervention in the treatment of cardiac patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Group work in occupational therapy: a survey of practice.

This paper documents the extent to which occupational therapists use groups in practice. A questionnaire was mailed to 300 occupational therapists nationwide. Questions included the types of groups occupational therapists lead, the facilities in which the groups take place, the patients included, the activities presented, and individual and groups goals. Results were tabulated based on the responses of 120 therapists. We established that 60% of occupational therapists in all areas of practice lead groups in treatment. Of the 209 groups described by the respondents, there was a significantly greater number of activity groups than verbal groups. Also, there were significantly more groups with ten or less members than groups of more than ten. This paper describes the ten categories of groups that were identified in this study.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Ecological systems model for occupational therapy.

This article presents a conceptual model for occupational therapy: the ecological systems model. The developing individual is viewed as an open system interacting with the environment. Both humans and their environment are interconnected, joined in shaping each other. States of health and illness can be seen as reflections of ecological adaptation. Function or dysfunction is evaluated in terms of persons' effectiveness in achieving their own goals, for their own quality of life, in their interactions in the ecosystem. If performance of necessary tasks ane roles is effective in achieving those goals and in harmony with the needs and goals of the external systems, then behavior is functional.

Goals↗
PubMed1981

The development of a work-oriented day center program.

A community-based day center for former psychiatric patients developed a new work-oriented pilot program for members who want to change and become more self-directed and independent in their living situations. After a year the pilot program was evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation recommendations, the program became a permanent and expanded part of the center's activities. The expansion included a strong occupational therapy component and a Transitional Employment Program.

Adult↗