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M C Pinchon

Publications and source records attributed to M C Pinchon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Do nasal ciliary changes reflect bronchial changes? An ultrastructural study.

Ciliary dyskinesia is characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections secondary to abnormal ciliary structure and function. The diagnosis of ciliary dyskinesia is based on the detection of axonemal ultrastructural abnormalities (AUA) is respiratory mucosa samples. In most cases, the diagnosis of AUA is made on samples obtained from nasal ciliated cells with little discomfort to the patient. However, no studies have been performed in the same patient to confirm whether nasal samples reflect bronchial ciliary changes. To answer this question and to determine whether it is necessary to sample bronchial cells for the diagnosis of ciliary dyskinesia, we investigated 12 patients (between the age of 5 and 63 yr) with chronic sputum production. The presence of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and sterility was investigated to determine an inherited disorder. Two groups were established: Group 1 = six patients with an inherited disorder and Group 2 = six patients without evidence of an inherited disorder. Samples were obtained by brushing or biopsy of nasal and bronchial mucosa and were processed for transmission electron microscopy. In Group 1, the mean AUA was 65.2 +/- 11.4%. The following predominant axonemal defects were found: absence of dynein arms (DA) (four patients), central complex abnormalities (CC) (one patient), and various AUA (one patient). Nasal and bronchial samples correlated significantly for total AUA (r' = 1, p < 0.01) and for outer DA defects (r' = 0.96, p < 0.05). A good but not significant correlation was found for inner DA (r' = 0.83) and peripheral microtubule (PM) defects (r' = 0.71). In Group 2, the mean AUA was 9.6 +/- 2.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Inherited factors in diffuse bronchiectasis in the adult: a prospective study.

To evaluate the prevalence of inherited respiratory ciliary structure and underlying mucus abnormalities in the diffuse bronchiectasis syndrome, we investigated 53 subjects comprising 38 patients with diffuse bronchiectasis confirmed by high-resolution thoracic computed tomography, ten with chronic bronchitis and no diffuse bronchiectasis and five healthy nonsmoking control subjects. The clinical history was determined by means of a standardized questionnaire. Axonemal abnormalities of respiratory cilia were evaluated on bronchial or nasal mucosa samples by transmission electron microscopy (structure) and stroboscopic observation (function). Cystic fibrosis (CF) and Young's syndrome were detected by means of the sweat test and semen analysis when male infertility was suspected. Among the 38 patients with diffuse bronchiectasis, a primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) was detected in five (13%) with a high proportion (range: 55-100%) of cilia showing axonemal ultrastructural abnormalities always involving the dynein arms. The prevalence of this inherited condition was higher in North African (36%) than in European patients (4%) (p less than 0.01). After exclusion of the five patients with PCD, the patients with diffuse bronchiectasis showed axonemal ultrastructural abnormalities similar to those with chronic bronchitis. The diagnosis of underlying mucus disorders was based on two types of criterion, i.e. for CF, sweat chloride levels greater than 80 mmol.l-1, or the combination of diagnostic criteria proposed by Stern et al. Respectively, five (three Young's syndrome and two CF) and seven (one Young's syndrome and six CF) cases of inherited mucus disorders were suspected. Our results showed that PCD was highly prevalent among the adult North African patients with diffuse bronchiectasis but relatively rare in the Europeans.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of local anaesthetics (lidocaine) on the structure and function of ciliated respiratory epithelial cells.

Sampling for nasal or bronchial ciliated cells requires the use of anaesthetic agents, but such drugs may interfere with the morphological or functional results. Lidocaine is the most frequently used local anaesthetic. In order to study the morphological and functional effects of lidocaine hydrochloride, we designed an experimental study on ciliated cells from guinea pig and bovine trachea. On guinea pig tracheal specimens, different lidocaine concentrations (0.05, 0.25 and 1%) were tested. Tracheal rings were immersed in either culture medium alone (control) or in different lidocaine concentrations. Measurements of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were performed by the stroboscopic method. Tracheal rings were consecutively incubated in culture medium alone and a second set of measurements was performed. Tracheal rings were studied by light microscopy after incubation in either 1% lidocaine or in culture medium alone. On bovine tracheal specimens, a cotton wool swab impregnated with different lidocaine concentrations (0, 0.25, 1, 2.5 and 5%) was placed in contact with the tracheal mucosa. Three different kinds of samples were collected: the first one was used to study CBF, the second one (0.1 and 5%) was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the third (0.1 and 5%) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results on guinea pig specimens show a significant but reversible CBF diminution for concentrations of 0.25 and 1% lidocaine and cellular lesions for the concentration of 1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dissimilar expression of axonemal anomalies in respiratory cilia and sperm flagella in infertile men.

Infertility by sperm immotility may be a consequence of axonemal defects, and it is sometimes associated with respiratory disease as in the primary ciliary dyskinesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory epithelium of 13 infertile patients with flagellar ultrastructural anomalies whether they suffered or not from respiratory disease. Only one patient had severe respiratory disease. The beat frequency of nasal cilia (9 to 13 Hz) was considered normal in 11 of the 13 patients. All the cilia were found abnormal in one patient. In 12 of 13 infertile men (92.3%), significant ultrastructural cilia anomalies were found (greater than 7%) even though the men did not suffer from any respiratory disease. Axonemal anomalies were found at both levels either of the same type (four cases) or only partially similar (two cases) or totally different (six cases). The most frequently abnormal substructure of cilia was the central complex (10 of 12) even in cases exhibiting a different abnormal pattern at the flagellar level. Findings are discussed according to those found in animal mutants. Our results suggest that ciliary and flagellar axonemes should be controlled both by common and by different groups of genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Are ciliary abnormalities always present in Kartagener's syndrome? A study of 16 patients].

Kartagener's syndrome is defined as the combination of bronchiectasis, sinusitis and situs inversus. Assessment of characteristic ultrastructural changes and of their clinical expression was possible by examining the ciliated cells in the airways of 16 patients (12 children). Respiratory cilia of 11/13 patients were found to have abnormal motility. Quantitative ultrastructural data were obtained for 15 patients. Findings were absolutely normal in 2 cases. In 13 cases, ciliary abnormalities affected all the cilia, the majority of them (70-90%) or some of them (20-40%) (n = 7, n = 4, n = 2, respectively). The most frequently encountered aberration was a lacking external dynein arm. Summing it up: 1) ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities do not appear consistently in Kartagener's syndrome; 2) the lack of external dynein arms of cilia is the most frequent anomalous finding: 3) the clinical expression of ciliary dysfunction varies and the exact correlation between ultrastructural data and the intensity of the clinical manifestations remains to be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Occurrence and morphology of tumors induced in nude mice transplanted with chrysotile-transformed rat pleural mesothelial cells.

Rat pleural mesothelial cells treated in vitro with chrysotile fibers have been successfully transplanted into nude mice. Three cultures (1 untreated, 2 treated) were injected at passage 75; a fourth culture was obtained from a mesothelioma induced in rat by chrysotile fibers. Overall, tumors grew in each series, but the delay between cell injection and tumor formation was 22 wk with untreated cells whereas only 1 or 2 wk were needed with treated cells, and 1 wk with cells from in vivo-induced mesothelioma. Pathological study by light and electron microscopy of tumors is reported here and showed the mesothelial nature of the cells. Comparison between the ultrastructure of the injected cells and tumor cells indicated that the morphology of injected cells was retained in tumors even if the delay in tumor formation was long. These results suggest that this model is useful for investigating mesothelial cell transformation resulting from in vitro or in vivo exposure to certain carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Unexpectedly normal cilia and spermatozoa in an infertile man with Kartagener's syndrome.

We investigated a 28-year-old, infertile male patient with the characteristic clinical signs of Kartagener's syndrome (i.e. bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus). The patient had tried unsuccessfully for 3 years to become a father, and no cause of infertility was detected in his wife. The functional capacities tested in vitro of nasal and tracheal ciliated cells, spermatozoa and neutrophils were found to be normal. The tracheo-bronchial clearance was not impaired. The ultrastructure of ciliary and flagellar axonemes was normal. This case of Kartagener's syndrome without axonemal abnormalities raises the questions of the factors responsible, on the one hand, for the patient's organ asymmetry and respiratory tract diseases and, on the other hand, for the couple's infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The interactions between asbestos fibers and metaphase chromosomes of rat pleural mesothelial cells in culture. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.

Rat pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) in culture at the exponential growing phase were exposed to 5 micrograms/ml of chrysotile (CH) or crocidolite (CR) asbestos fibers: the cells and their chromosomes were studied 48 hours thereafter by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (LM, SEM, TEM). PMCs phagocytized both CH and CR. Mild vacuolar cytoplasmic changes by LM and a few small surface blebbings by SEM were present, mainly in cells treated with CH. Metaphase chromosomes were well separated and retained surface details by SEM in the control group. Chromosomes were frequently entangled with, adherent to, and severed or pierced by long and thin curvilinear CH with occasional chromatin fibers threading over the partly severed asbestos. Similar chromosomal changes were much less frequently found in CR-treated cells; TEM confirmed the same findings. CH and CR have different physicochemical properties and also appear to have direct, intricate, but different interactions with chromosomes, as well as the cytoplasm, of PMCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In vitro growth characteristics of rat mesothelioma cells in culture.

The study reports morphological growth characteristics and chromosome analysis of neoplastic rat pleural mesothelial cells (RPMC) isolated from a mesothelioma-bearing rat. The pleural mesothelioma was induced by intrapleural injection of chrysotile fibers. Neoplastic RPMC were cultured by the standard methods used for normal RPMC. Neoplastic RPMC cultures had a population doubling time of 19 hr versus 30 hr for the normal cells. Plating efficiency in liquid medium was almost 100%. Cultures of neoplastic RPMC were anchorage-independent since 70% of the seeded cells formed colonies after one week; after the second week, colony size was enhanced but colony recovery was not. The serum dependence of neoplastic cells was less than that of the normal cells. 79 out of 100 metaphase cells analyzed had 41 to 43 chromosomes, and the modal number was 42 (38%). A large metacentric chromosome was observed in 77 of the 100 neoplastic metaphase cells analyzed, but not in any normal metaphase cells. In nude mice, the neoplastic RPMC were tumorigenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Protein transfer in hyperoxic induced pleural effusion in the rat.

In order to study the kinetics and pathways of protein transfer in pleural effusion, rats with pleurisy associated with hyperoxic pulmonary edema were injected either intrapleurally or intravenously with tracers. 125I-Albumin was used to obtain quantitative data. Anti horseradish peroxidase used as a morphological tracer, allowed a precise localization of the pathways used for the transfer. It has been possible to demonstrate that, in this model, the pleural effusion is produced by a plasma exudation accumulated in the lung interstitium, transferred through the visceral pleura and resorbed by the lymphatics of the parietal costal and diaphragmatic pleurae.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural abnormalities of respiratory cilia. Descriptive and quantitative study of respiratory mucosa in a series of 33 patients.

Ultrastructural abnormalities of human respiratory tract cilia have been studied in 33 patients: 21 were adults, 18 with chronic bronchitis, and 12 were children, two with situs inversus. Abnormalities, such as the lack of a few dynein arms or the loss of a peripheral doublet were observed quite frequently in both children and adults. However, congenital abnormalities associated with the "immotile cilia syndrome" were rare and were observed in only three of the children and none of the adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Immotile cilia disease with neonatal disclosure. Ultrastructural study].

Recurrent bronchopulmonary and E.N.T. infections in a 2-month old child with complete situs inversus suggested an immotile cilia syndrome. Electron microscopy of the respiratory epithelium cilia demonstrated an ultra structural abnormality (defective radial spokes) typical of this recently discovered syndrome. This case is similar to 3 other cases in infants reported in the literature. It shows that the clinical manifestations of ciliary dysfunction may occur soon after birth and that early detection is desirable for optimal treatment. The type of abnormality detected and the percentage of cilia affected demonstrate that the syndrome is congenital and not acquired and provide information of the degree of ciliary dyskinesia. The genetic aspects are discussed. A diagnosis of "immotile cilia" syndrome should systematically be envisaged in infants with recurrent pneumonia or otitis of unknown aetiology, or when the clinical context (situs inversus, family history) is suggestive of the conditions.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Electron-microscopic immunohistochemical study of the localization of immunoglobulin G in the choroid plexus of the rat.

The localization of autologous antiperoxidase immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied in the choroid plexus of Lewis rats immunized against horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This experiment was performed to study the permeability of the choroid plexus to intravascular IgG. It was shown that autologous IgG was present in the extravascular spaces. The transendothelial transfer appeared to occur mainly via the fenestrations and some interendothelial junctions. No transfer of IgG at the level of epithelial cells toward the cerebrospinal fluid was demonstrated. Interstitial spaces in contact with the connective-tissue cells of the choroid stroma were strongly labeled. The significance of these spaces remains hypothetical and raises the question of the fate of IgG from the interstitial space.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Permeability of the blood-air barrier to antiperoxidase antibodies and their fragments in the normal rat lung.

The permeability of the blood-air barrier to antiperoxidase (HRP) IgG antibodies (160,000 daltons), F(ab')2 fragments (100,000 daltons) and Fab fragments (50,000 daltons) was studied in the normal rat. The use of isologous and heterologous immunoglobulin G or IgG fragments injected intravenously allowed a sequential study. It was shown that these proteins transfer from the vascular bed towards to interstitium. Evidence was obtained that these proteins crossed the endothelium through interendothelial spaces or structures suggesting transendothelial channels. The alveolar epithelium was found to be an efficient barrier for heterologous and isologous proteins, raising the question of the origin of serum proteins found in the alveolar surface material. Heterologous anti-HRP IgG antibodies and their Fab fragments were also administered intraalveolarly. The alveolar epithelium was found permeable to Fab fragments but not to IgG molecules, suggesting that some serum proteins present in the alveolar lining fluid can be transepithelially reabsorbed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Non-ventilatory functions of the cells of the respiratory system].

The physiology of the respiratory system was limited until recently to study of the structures subjected to simple physical laws and involved in gas exchanges only. Today, the airways and lung itself are conceived as complex living structures adapted to defence against exogenous, microbiological, organic and inorganic substances which reach the respiratory epithelium, contained in the 10 to 12 m3 of air entering and leaving the lungs daily. In addition, the considerable surface area represented by the endothelium of the pulmonary circulation is a site of synthesis and elimination, the implications of which are increasingly important in the area of the metabolism of endogenous substances: prostaglandins, vasomotor substances and the bioconversion of drugs and toxic agents. This is an increasingly large area of research and investigation, the clinical applications of which appear to be more and more frequent and important.

Arachidonic Acids↗