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Biomedical subjects

M C Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to M C Sharma.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Biochemical alterations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in experimental acidosis in goats.

Experimental acidosis was induced in six goats aged between one and two years by administration of whole wheat grain at 100 g kg-1 bodyweight given intraruminally. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from these goats before administration of wheat grain (0 hour) and thereafter at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hour intervals. These were analysed for serum enzyme activities and physicochemical characters of CSF. Significantly (P less than 0.05) higher activities of amylase (at 12 hours), lactate dehydrogenase (12 to 48 hours), creatine phosphokinase (12 to 48 hours), aspartate aminotransferase (12 to 24 hours), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (12 to 96 hours) were found in serum samples of acidotic goats. Changes in CSF included decrease of pH and chloride content and higher glucose values. No difference was seen in the physical character of CSF collected at different time intervals from acidotic goats.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1991

Leishmanin skin test in clinical and subclinical kala-azar cases.

Leishmanin skin test was done on 25 active kala-azar (KA) patients, 41 healthy persons residing with KA patients and 14 treated cases of KA. All active cases of KA were Leishmanin test negative. Nine out of 41 (21.9 per cent) healthy household members gave positive reaction to Leishmanin antigen. These persons were previously exposed to Leishmania donovani infection which was overcome by developing cell mediated immunity. The infection in these persons remained subclinical or asymptomatic. This shows that all L. donovani infections do not progress to clinical stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of Plasmodium yoelii infection on GABA metabolism of mouse brain.

Plasmodium yoelii infection in albino mice decreased the activity of brain glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by about 30 and 48% in crude homogenate and its synaptosomal fraction, respectively. The decrease was evident from 20% parasitemia and remained more or less constant up to 80% parasitemia. The Km values of GAD in normal and infected animals were 1.2 x 10(-2) and 3.3 x 10(-2) mM, respectively, indicating a decrease in enzyme substrate affinity due to infection. The lowered GAD activity rose to slightly above normal by treatment of infected animals with chloroquine. Decrease in GAD activity reflected lower gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the infected brain; however, GABA-transaminase activity was not significantly influenced by infection. It has been proposed that impaired GABA synthesis may be due to hypoxia induced by malarial infection.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

The effect of age and sex on incidence of kala-azar.

Of 89 persons suspected to be suffering from kala-azar, the parasite could be demonstrated in 54 of them by smear and culture examination of the bone marrow aspirates. In the pre-pubertal age group (4-12 years), incidence of kala-azar in both the sexes was practically the same (P greater than 0.05). However, in the reproductive age-group (males 13-60 years, females 12-45 years), there were significantly less cases in females than males (P less than 0.05). This protection could be due to the presence of female sex hormones. The incidence of kala azar in females was 83.3 per cent in pre-pubertal age group, while in the reproductive age group, it was 35.5 per cent. The difference is statistically highly significant (P less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Increased capillary permeability mediated by a dengue virus-induced lymphokine.

The mechanism of increased capillary permeability, seen in cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), is not known. Dengue type 2 virus (DV) is known to induce production of a lymphokine, the cytotoxic factor (CF), by the T lymphocytes of mouse spleen. The data presented here show that intraperitoneal inoculation of CF in mice results in increased capillary permeability in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by leakage of intravenously injected radiolabelled iodine (125I) or Evans blue dye. Peak leakage occurred 30 min after inoculation of CF and the vascular integrity was restored by 2 hr. The increase in capillary permeability was abrogated by pretreatment of mice with anti-CF antibodies, avil (H1 receptor blocker) or ranitidine (H2 receptor blocker). The findings thus show that a DV-induced lymphokine, the CF, increases the capillary permeability via release of histamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative grading of Leishmania donovani amastigotes related to age of kala-azar patients.

Out of 370 Leishman Donovan bodies positive bone-marrow smears, maximum belonged to grade 1 + (42.4 per cent) and the least to grade 5 + (1.6 per cent). Persons belonging to 0-20 years age group were found in be statistically more susceptible to Leishmania infection as compared to persons above 20 years of age (P less than .01). The disease was least common in persons above 40 years (3.5 per cent) of age. Parasite load was found to be highest in 0-20 years group irrespective of grades of leishmania infection. Grade 5 + infection was found to be rare (1.6 per cent) and confined to 0-20 years age group. Males suffered from the disease predominantly (69.2 per cent) as compared to females (30.8 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of serology as a tool for malaria surveillance in East Champaran District of Bihar, India.

The indirect immunofluorescence test was evaluated as a tool for malaria surveillance. The population of 12 villages in the East Champaran District of Bihar with a low annual parasitic index and a low annual blood examination rate was surveyed in order to confirm the low endemicity of malaria in these villages. Two specimens of blood, one taken during the pre-transmission season and one taken during the post-transmission season, were collected for parasitological and serological studies. The paired samples showed no parasite positivity in the study population in both surveys. All the villages had very low serological titres. However, the presence of malaria antibodies in the zero to five years age group (the sentinel group) indicated that malaria transmission occurred in the study area at a very low level. The seropositivity and the geometric mean titre were lower in the pre-transmission season than in the post-transmission season, but the overall reduction in geometric mean titre, which was very low throughout the study, was not statistically significant. The study emphasizes the importance of serological tests in malaria surveillance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Blood cellular and biochemical studies in canine dirofilariasis.

Haematological studies in heartworm-infected dogs revealed low haemoglobin concentration, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a marked increase in lymphocyte percentage. Biochemical analysis of serum of dogs infected with heartworm showed increases in serum total bilirubin, serum globulin, chloride, phosphorus, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase values and a decrease in albumin content.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histological and histochemical studies on the innervation of the respiratory organs of Calotes versicolor Daud. (Agamidae, Lacertilia).

A study on the innervation of the respiratory organs of Calotes versicolor has been made using cholinesterase and silver reduction techniques. The tracheal and bronchial plexuses have been described. A number of nerve terminations along with synapses are reported. ChE activity has been observed on the periphery of the alveoli which is believed to be of importance in controlling the acetylcholine level, acting as a general tissue enzyme to prevent excessive accumulation of acetylcholine. Vascular nerve supply has been found to be largely of vagal origin.

Animals↗