PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Cachovan

Publications and source records attributed to M Cachovan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Pathogenesis of renal hypertension (author's transl)].

99 patients with a chronic renal disease (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, polycystic kidneys) with a GFR reduced to 2/3 normal and without anaemia were subjected to detailed haemodynamic investigation. The earliest haemodynamic abnormality was found even before the blood pressure became elevated. This consisted in a rise of the cardiac output. Ist most likely cause was an increase in the circulating blood volume. As the arteriolar and capacitance vessels adjusted to it, the blood pressure remained unchanged and the central venous pressure slightly decreased. Blood pressure rises, when this vascular adjustment subsides. At this moment the raised blood volume will drop to normal. These changes do not correlate with the minor fluctuations of the PRA which obviously are not responsible for the subsidance of the vascular adjustment and for the rise of blood pressure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1980

Effect of the angiotensin antagonist saralasin on hemodynamics in hypertensive non-uraemic chronic renal disease.

The effect of an intravenous infusion of saralasin in a rising dosage on blood pressure, central haemodynamics, forearm blood flow and venous distensibility was tested in 11 subjects with chronic non-uraemic renal disease. Only 1 subject had an elevated resting plasma renin activity, and in him saralasin produced a drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressures due to a decrease of the total peripheral vascular resistance whereas the plasma renin activity markedly rose. Among the remaining 10 subjects, whose plasma renin activity was within the normotensive range, blood pressure rose transiently in 3, with the lowest dose of aralasin, due to an increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance. Both these parameters returned to the control level when continuing the infusion and increasing its dosage. Excluding this initial period from the analysis, no relevant change, even with a more than tenfold increase in the saralasin dosage and a duration of the infusion of 1 h, was found in the following: blood pressure, cardiac and stroke index, heart rate, total peripheral vascular resistance, central and peripheral venous pressures, forearm blood flow and vascular resistance, forearm blood volume and venous distensibility. The haemodynamic response to the Valsalva manoeuvre remained unaffected by saralasin. It is concluded that angiotensin plays an active role in changing the haemodynamics and in elevating the blood pressure in subjects with chronic non-uraemic renal disease only in those cases where plasma renin activity is raised.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent (labetalol) on haemodynamics in hypertension.

1 The effect of an intravenous bolus of labetalol (0.6--1.6 mg/kg body weight) on central and peripheral haemodynamics was studied in nine subjects with essential hypertension and in eleven subjects with chronic renal disease and hypertension. 2 The BP reduction amounting to 20/13 mmHg was entirely due to the lowering of the total peripheral vascular resistance. This also included the vascular resistance in the muscles. 3 This peripheral vasodilatation was not counteracted by a reflex increase of the cardiac output. 4 The reflex tachycardia and overshoot of BP in Valsalva's manoeuvre were largely abolished. 5 Central and peripheral venous BPs, vascular volume of the forearm and venous distensibility did not show any significant change after treatment with labetalol. 6 In spite of the lowering of the vascular resistance of the forearm by labetalol, forearm blood flow was not significantly affected due to the parallel decrease in the perfusion pressure. 7 Plasma renin activity fell after labetalol in all instances.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of diazoxide on capacitance vessels.

Haemodynamic changes after an i.v. bolus of diazoxide 300 mg were studied in 11 hypertensive subjects. A hypotensive effect due to a fall in total peripheral vascular resistance was found in all of them, but changes in the peripheral circulation were less regular. A uniform change in forearm blood volume, blood flow, vascular resistance and venous distensibility was not found after diazoxide. This is interpreted as being due to a reflex increase in sympathetic activity, which counteracts the direct vasodilator action of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of oxyfedrine and intervall training in intermittent claudication (author's transl)].

In 23 patients suffering from intermittent claudication due to chronic occlusions of the femoral artery proved on angiography, a double-blind study was performed to compare the effects of treatment with oxyfedrine and interval-training and of interval-training alone. The claudication distance, physical work capacity and physical work intensity were measured on the treadmill before, during and after 10-weeks training period in each case. After training, the walking ability improved in both groups, however, quantitatively being more pronounced in the oxyfedrine group. In the placebo group, the increase in physical work intensity was mainly caused by the improvement of walking ability in patients with higher levels of performance at the beginning of the training. In the oxyfedrine group, on the other hand, a continuous and regular increase in physical work intensity was found at all levels of performance and during the whole training period. For the differences found, blood supply lowering mechanisms after physical training and improvement of collaterals after combination oxyfedrine and physical training are discussed. The possibility of additive action of the pharmacologic treatment and physical training are pointed out.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Central and peripheral haemodynamic effects of angiotensin.

In 10 normotensive subjects intravenous infusion of angiotensin was followed by a significant increase in the arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, central venous pressure and by a marked reduction of the intravascular forearm volume and venous distensibility. Forearm circulation time was shortened. The cardiac index, heart rate, forearm vascular resistance and the forearm blood flow did not change significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of intravenous angiotensin II on the peripheral circulation with particular reference to its bearing on general haemodynamics.

1. Central and peripheral haemodynamic effects of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II have been investigated in ten normotensive subjects. Angiotensin II was given at the rate of 0-12-5-0 microng/min. 2. The pressor response to angiotensin II was accompanied by a significant increase in the total peripheral resistance, central venous pressure and by a marked reduction of the intravascular forearm volume and venous distensibility. Forearm circulation time was shortened. 3. Cardiac index, heart rate, forearm vascular resistance and the forearm blood flow did not change significantly in the whole group but in the individual subjects some of the variables changed markedly in either direction. 4. Direct action of angiotensin II on the vessels and its central and peripheral sympathomimetic aciton as well as the role of the baroreflex as responsible causes for haemodynamic changes after angiotensin II are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Clinical and haemodynamic study of a new vasodilator drug L6150 (3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-hydrazinopyridazine) in man.

1. L6150 is a highly effective vasodilator which produces an acute reduction of blood pressure when administered intravenously. 2. This is due entirely to a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance. 3. On oral administration it can effectively lower blood pressure in mild hypertension and is effective in combination with other hypotensive agents with different mechanisms of action.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Influence of interval training on the physical capacity and peripheral circulation in patients with intermittent claudication].

Physical performance on treadmill and calf blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) were determined in 6 patients with symptoms of intermittent claudication before and after a 10-weeks period of intervall training. Arteriosclerotic occlusions of femoral artery were proved on arteriography in all cases. After training, a significant improvement of the claudication distance and the work performed on the treadmill on an average of 44% were stated, whereas nnd. The peripheral blood flow at rest and after 3 minutes circulatpressed as area under the blood flow curve during reactive hyperaemia) on an average of 54%. The benefits of a controlled home-training program as the necessity of investigation at maximal stress, when assessing the haemodynamic effects of physical training, are pointed out.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Forearm and digital blood flow after arteriovenous anastomosis (author's transl)].

Forearm and digital blood flow were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in 7 patients with terminal renal failure before and 8 days after surgically created arterio-venous end-to-end fistula similar to the method of Brescia and Cimino. The forearm blood flow rose significantly from 3.30 +/- 1.75 to 6.98 +/- 4.74 ml/min - 100 ml. Total forearm blood flow increased from 32.9 +/- 16.8 ml/min to 69.8 +/- 45.8 ml/min. Digital blood flow was not significantly altered. The relatively low fistula flow was due to the early postoperative measurement since it increased later.

Adult↗