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Biomedical subjects

M Cahane

Publications and source records attributed to M Cahane.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Insulin dose and cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.

Associations between a high daily insulin dose and cardiovascular risk factors, including those of the insulin-resistance syndrome, were studied in 479 Type 1 diabetic children 6 to 18 years of age. Insulin dose increased over the first two years after diagnosis of diabetes (p = 0.0001) and was significantly higher in girls (p = 0.01). For those children with diabetes duration of more than 2 years, the insulin requirement increased up to 13-14 years of age (p < 0.05) and was higher in pubertal than pre-pubertal children (p < 0.05). For girls, the requirement was higher in puberty than in post-puberty (p < 0.05) and increased with diabetes duration (p < 0.05). Triglyceride concentrations were associated positively and significantly with the insulin dose of both boys and girls, after adjustment for age, pubertal stage, diabetes duration, and metabolic control (fructosamine levels). No other consistent associations were found between insulin dose and other cardiovascular risk factors: body mass index, central adiposity, arterial blood pressures, serum total cholesterol, apoA1, apoB, Lp(a), uric acid, or urinary albumin excretion. Parental obesity, hypertension and diabetes were not related to the insulin dose of children. The results did not differ when the population was limited to the 375 children with diabetes duration of more than 2 years. It is concluded that in these Type 1 diabetic children the insulin dose for a given level of metabolic control (our surrogate measure of insulin resistance) was related to a single cardiovascular risk factor: triglyceride concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Performing peripheral iridectomy via a scleral tunnel incision: a new approach.

A peripheral iridectomy (PI) is sometimes difficult to perform through a sclero-corneal tunnel. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a newly proposed technique for performing a PI. The results showed that a PI can be easily performed through a sclero-corneal tunnel, employing this technique.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1997

Persistent chlorpromazine deposits in donor corneal tissue after corneal transplantation.

PURPOSE: To present unusual cases with corneal graft deposits and discuss eye bank criteria concerning donors treated with phenothiazines. METHODS: We examined two patients with unusual corneal graft deposits after uneventful corneal transplantation. Donors' files and eye bank procedures were reviewed. RESULTS: Fine corneal endothelial punctate deposits were detected in both corneal grafts and did not resolve in the following 18 months. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case report documenting transplantation of corneas with chlorpromazine deposits. Delicate corneal findings can be missed before transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of capsulorhexis diameter on glare disability.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the diameter of the anterior capsulorhexis has an effect on postoperative glare. SETTING: Sapir Medical Center, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel. METHODS: Forty patients had extracapsular cataract extraction (manual or phacoemulsification) through an intact continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of various sizes. The CCC diameter was measured and the opacity of the anterior and posterior capsules was evaluated before and after dilation of the pupils. Glare test (Miller-Nadler glare tester) was performed with the eyelid in a normal position and after lid elevation. RESULTS: The diameter of the CCC ranged from 3.50 to 7.00 mm (mean 4.87 mm). The anterior capsule was always opaque in the area of contact with the IOL material. None was graded clear; 60% were graded as +3. Mean glare disability prior to pupil dilation was 12.1 +/- 8.8 (SD) and after dilation, 17.3 +/- 9.7. There was no correlation between glare disability and the diameter of the capsulorhexis, the width of the exposed opacified capsular ring, or the grading of capsule opacification (anterior and posterior). Dilation of the pupil significantly increased glare disability (P = .016), unrelated to CCC diameter. CONCLUSION: A CCC larger than 3.5 mm does not induce significant glare.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Proximity-sensor dimmer device as an aid in the reduction of operating microscope-induced retinal phototoxicity.

The length of exposure to the light source of the operating microscope is a major factor determining retinal phototoxicity. In our experience, for about 20% of the time during cataract surgery, the surgeon is not looking through the oculars. To take advantage of these times, we designed a device, a proximity switch consisting of an infrared sensor mounted between the oculars in the operating microscope. When the surgeon's forehead approaches the microscope to look through the oculars, the sensor increases the illumination; when the surgeon moves away, it is automatically reduced. The resulting decreased overall exposure to light may reduce retinal phototoxicity.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1993

[Acanthamoebic keratitis].

Acanthamoebic keratitis is still a rare infection. It occurs in contact lens-wearers, especially when saline is prepared at home from contaminated tap water. There are periods of remission, and occasionally misleading findings resembling those of herpetic keratitis, which make the diagnosis difficult. The isolation of the acanthamoeba is not easy and special culture media are required. Early recognition and aggressive therapy with antiamebic medication and epithelial debridement, often in conjunction with penetrating keratoplasty, are needed. We describe the clinical course, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of 3 patients with acanthamoebic keratitis, 2 men aged 20 and 25, respectively and a women aged 42.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed1993

Glare disability.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of retinal detachment with intraocular expandable gas injection].

The injection of expandable gas into the vitreous is a new method for treating retinal detachment. The injected gas bubble seals the retinal break and allows absorption of subretinal fluid. In 12 patients, in all eyes treated by injection of sulfur hexafluoride, the detached retina became reattached. In 3 eyes (25%) detachment recurred. To achieve attachment again, both vitrectomy and the circling band operation were performed in 2 of them, and only the latter operation in the third. Risk factors for redetachment included detachment of the macula, retinal detachment larger than 5-o'clock-hours, and pseudophakia. Proper selection of patients for gas injection is most important.

Gases↗
PubMed1992

Cataract extraction in eyes filled with silicone oil.

A surgical technique for cataract extraction in eyes filled with silicone oil was developed that has two major objectives: removal of the entire cataractous lens and complete preservation of the silicone oil volume. A regular extracapsular cataract extraction or phacoemulsification is performed, and the incision is closed with the final sutures. All steps are performed under continuous positive pressure achieved with an anterior chamber maintainer connected to a bottle of balanced saline solution. An inferior basal iridectomy is created with a vitrectomy probe, and the posterior capsule is then slowly pulled out through the limbal incision with intraocular forceps, again under positive pressure, in an eye that is actually a closed system, without any loss of silicone. This step results in transformation of the extracapsular cataract extraction condition into an intracapsular cataract extraction condition. The described technique was successfully performed in nine eyes. In the younger patients, the whole procedure was completed through two very small limbal openings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Corneal graft rejection after neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.

Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser capsulotomy was performed in three patients with corneal graft. Acute corneal graft rejection was noted in these patients 4 weeks to 4 months after posterior capsulotomy. In one patient, enlargement of the capsulotomy opening was followed by a second episode of corneal graft rejection. We discuss the complications of Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy, and its possible role as a cause for corneal graft rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Axial length and scleral thickness effect on susceptibility to glaucomatous damage: a theoretical model implementing Laplace's law.

Laplace's law relates the pressure inside a hollow sphere with its radius and the tension in its walls. A theoretical model implementing Laplace's law in the eye globe is presented. The physical model may help to explain certain aspects in glaucomatous disk damage such as higher susceptibility of myopic eyes to glaucomatous damage and a possible explanation for glaucoma nerve head damage in low tension glaucoma.

Disease Susceptibility↗
PubMed1992

Small-incision manual extracapsular cataract extraction using selective hydrodissection.

Hydrodissection is a technique in which balanced salt solution is injected through a cannula into various layers of a cataractous lens to separate the lens lamella in a nonspecific location. Selective hydrodissection allows separation of the lens lamella at different desired anatomical layers. The technique allows the smallest possible nucleus, ie, the hard-core nucleus, to be hydroexpressed as a separate entity, requiring, correspondingly, a relatively small capsulorhexis and limbal incision. Then, in a second maneuver, the epinucleus, which engulfs the hardcore nucleus to form the adult nucleus, also can be aspirated or hydroexpressed as a whole. Selective hydrodissection permits scleral incision and stitchless surgery in planned extracapsular cataract extraction and also may serve as an intermediate step for surgeons who wish to convert to or learn phacoemulsification techniques.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1992

Transient fluorescein leakage simulating subretinal membrane: a diagnostic dilemma.

A 68-year-old woman with blurred vision had a foveal spot of fluorescein leakage that later was found to be a transient leakage. The clinical picture resembled central serous chorioretinopathy, a rare diagnosis in older patients. Other possible diagnoses (e.g., subretinal neovascular membrane or epiretinal membrane) are discussed as is the need for laser treatment.

Aged↗