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Biomedical subjects

M Camblor Alvarez

Publications and source records attributed to M Camblor Alvarez.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Refeeding syndrome. A review].

Refeeding syndrome is a complex clinical picture that encompass all those alterations that can occur as a consequence of the nutritional support (oral, enteral or parenteral) in malnourished patients. Refeeding syndrome is classically characterized by neurological alterations, respiratory symptoms, cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure few days after beginning of refeeding, with life-threatening outcome. Its pathogenesis includes alterations in the corporal fluids, and in some electrolytes, minerals and vitamins. In this article a review of refeeding syndrome pathogenesis and clinical manifestations is carried out, with a final series of recommendations for lowering the risk of this syndrome and for facilitate the early diagnosis and the treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Colonic metabolism of fiber].

Over the last few years, the colon has come to be considered more and more as a central digestive organ. This is where bacterial fermentation takes place to eliminate the substrates, mostly carbohydrates, that have avoided digestion by human enzymes within the small intestine. Of these, fibre plays a prominent role. As a result of this colonic fermentation, short-chain fatty acids are created and these have an important function at the level of the colon (reduction in pH, trophic effect, energy production, etc.) and at the systemic level (lipid metabolism, glycaemic metabolism, etc.) No less important are the effects of this colonic metabolism of fibre on proliferation of bacteria, thus giving fibre probiotic effects.

Colon↗
PubMed2000

[Antioxidant micronutrients and human pathology].

The harmful oxidation by free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, including, as the most significant from the epidemiological standpoint, cardiovascular disease and cancer. This paper reviews the physio-pathological foundations of this relationship and describes the possible usefulness of anti-oxidant therapy in these and other conditions.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1999

[Dietary fiber: concept, classification and current indications].

Fiber is a concept that refers to or encompasses several carbohydrates and lignine that resist hydrolysis by human digestive enzymes and that are fermented by the microflora of the colon. From a practical point of view, fibers can be divided into soluble and insoluble. There is general acceptance of the concepts soluble fiber, fermentable, viscous and insoluble fiber, and non-viscous and barely fermentable fiber. The physiological effects and therefore the clinical applications of both fibers are different. In general, the insoluble fiber is barely fermentable and has a marked laxative and intestinal regulatory effect. Soluble fiber is fermented to a high degree, showing a powerful trophic effect at the colon level. Soluble fiber is also attributed a positive role in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism due to the effects that this has at the intestinal and the systemic level on the glucose and the cholesterol metabolism. The goal of this article is to review the current concept of fiber based on the existing bibliography (it is thought that perhaps the current classification should be changed and that fiber should be talked about depending on its degree of polymerization), its physiologic effects and the possible indications that this may have from a clinical point of view, be this at the level of oral or enteral nutrition.

Dietary Fiber↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of energy expenditure in anorexia nervosa: agreement between indirect calorimatry and several equations].

UNLABELLED: Nutritional management is essential in anorexia nervosa (AN), although nutrient replenishment must be done progressively to prevent the occurrence of re-alimentation syndrome. OBJECTIVE: to compare resting enengy expenditure (REE) by means of indirect calorimetry and by different equations in AN female patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we studied 21 women admitted for AN (DSM-IV), mean age 17 years (SD 5.9), range 12-34 years. Admission stay was 55.1 +/- 20.7 days (21-91). Initial nutritional assessment included anthropometrics (BMJ, TSF, SSE, MAC, MAMC) and tetrapolar bioimpedance (HoltainBC). Indirect calorimetry (IC) was done after overnight fasting (Deltatrac II MBM-200). In 9 patients, the same study was repeated before hospital discharge. We compared REE (Kcal/24 h) measured by IC with that obtained by several equations [Fleish, Harris- Benedict, FAO, Schofield-HW (SHW), Schebendach] through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: Nutritional status significantly improved during hospital admission. Fifty percent of the recovered weight was fat mass. REE significantly increased during admission. The equations overestimated REE as compared to IC (p < 0.05), except for the Schebendach equation that underestimated REE. The agreement between direct measurement of REE by IC and its estimation through equations was poor [Fleish (ICC = 0.21); HB (ICC = 0.21), SHW (ICC = 0.19), Schebendach (ICC = 0.15)]. Through the Bland-Altman method, we observed that there was a variable bias between IC and equations, with a clinically acceptable agreement for REW values of around 1200 Kcal/day. CONCLUSIONS: 1) In our study we obtained a poor agreement between REW values measured by indirect calorimetry and those estimated by equations. 2) Through the Bland-Altman method, we observed that all equations present a variable bias as for IC, the agreement being clinically acceptable for REE values of around 1200 Kcal/day. 3) Thus, indirect calorimetry seems to be a very useful tool to calculate the energy requirements of anorexia nervosa patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Avascular necrosis of both hips and knees in a patient with ulcerative colitis treated for a long term with high-dose corticosteroids].

INTRODUCTION: Avascular necrosis represents the bone tissue death from vascularization failure, and it is mainly associated with the use of high-dose corticosteroids for a long time. CLINICAL CASE: A 25 years old female patient treated with high-dose corticosteroids for 7 months for ulcerative colitis presents with both knees pain and limited hip and knee motility. In a plain X-ray and in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) avascular necrosis was observed at these joints. Bone densitometry showed osteopenia at the femoral head and lumbar osteoporosis. DISCUSSION: We present a striking case for its large involvement of the joints (both knees and hips) with simultaneous osteoporosis and osteopenia in a young patient treated with corticosteroids for ulcerative colitis. It is necessary to recommend the judicious use of glucocorticoids, prescribing the minimal necessary dose and for the least amount of time necessary to control the underlying disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacological modulation of the appetite].

The hypothalamus plays an essential role in the regulation of the body weight of all living creatures. In it there is a convergence of signals from the nervous system and signals from the peripheral tissues, through a complex system of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. The ever increasing understanding of this field, opens up new therapeutic possibilities, both current and future, in the treatment of eating disorders.

Adipose Tissue↗