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Biomedical subjects

M Canales

Publications and source records attributed to M Canales.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Antimicrobial and general toxicity activities of Gymnosperma glutinosum: a comparative study.

Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less (Asteraceae) is an important, and an effective herbal medicine which is wide used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Mexico. We examined and compared the antibacterial and antifungal activities through the dilution method and for general toxicity activity by the brine shrimp lethality assay of two samples of Gymnosperma glutinosum from two localities of Mexico: San Rafael-Coxcatlan (Puebla State) and Tepeji del Rio (Hidalgo State). In addition, two bioactive compounds (-)-17-hydroxy-neo-clerod-3-en-15-oic acid (1) and 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8,2',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone (2) were isolated. From the hexane extract from both places was obtained a MeOH partition M(2). M(2) of Tepeji del Rio showed the least MICs (<125 microg/ml) in the majority of the bacterial strains. Sarcina lutea was the most sensitive bacteria (MIC< 125 microg/ml). The hexane extract of both localities showed antifungal activity against all tested fungi. San Rafael's hexane extract was significant more activity than Tepeji del Rio. Aspergillus niger (IC(50)=23.79 microg/ml) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IC(50)=90.25 microg/ml) were the more sensitive fungus strains. The strongest general toxicity activity was observed with the M(2) partition from Tepeji del Rio (LC(50)=503.7 microg/ml). The results obtained in this investigation, showed differences between the antimicrobial activities of the samples of plants collected in San Rafael (Puebla) and Tepeji del Rio (Hidalgo).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Predictors of chronic kidney disease in long-term survivors of lung and heart-lung transplantation.

Renal insufficiency is common after non-renal organ transplants. The predictors of long-term renal outcomes are not well established. A total of 219 lung and heart-lung transplant recipients surviving more than 6 months after transplantation were studied to determine predictors of time to doubling of serum creatinine and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with death as a competing risk. Median follow-up was 79 months (range 9-222 months). Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 96.3+/-34.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. One hundred twenty-two recipients (55%) doubled their serum creatinine, 16 (7.3%) progressed to ESKD and 143 (65%) died. The majority of recipients who survived >6 years had a GFR<60 mL/min at both 1 and 7 years. Most of the loss of renal function occurred in the first year post-transplant. Older age at transplant, lower GFR at 1 month and cyclosporine use in the first 6 months predicted shorter time to doubling of serum creatinine when death was handled as a competing risk. Based on this prevalence data and using GFR decay and death as study endpoints, we offer sample size estimates for a prospective, interventional trial that is aimed at slowing or preventing the progression of kidney disease.

Creatinine↗
PubMed2005

Informant consensus factor and antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants used by the people of San Rafael Coxcatlán, Puebla, México.

Using ethnobotanical techniques, the medicinal flora used by the inhabitants of San Rafael Coxcatlán, Puebla was determined. During the field work, two types of interviews were applied (free listing and semi-structured) to 60 informants, who supplied consistent information concerning the use of 46 species of medicinal plants. Further analysis showed 13 categories of different medicinal use. An informant consensus factor was calculated and 16 species were selected due to their utilization in the treatment of diseases of possible bacterial origin. Of these 16 plants, sequential extractions were made with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The obtained extracts were used to assess their antibacterial activity against 14 bacterial strains; 75% of the plants presented antibacterial activity. The medicinal species Jatropha neopauciflora Pax (Euphorbiaceae) and Juliania adstringens (Schldl.) Schldl. (Julianiaceae) were those that showed the biggest activity. Moreover, these species also had the highest informant consensus factor values.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae).

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae) was examined by GC and GC-MS. Eighteen constituents were identified. Carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, isocaryophyllene, beta-bisabolene and alpha-bisabolol were found to be the major components. The oil exhibited antibacterial activity against fourteen Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

Macrolide resistance phenotypes of commensal viridans group streptococci and Gemella spp. and PCR detection of resistance genes.

One hundred and sixty viridans group streptococci (VGS) and 26 Gemella spp. resistant to erythromycin were studied to detect macrolide lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) phenotypes and to investigate resistance rates to other antibiotics. The M phenotype was most prevalent in both bacterial groups (59.6% in VGS, 69.2% in gemellae) and the iMLS(B) phenotype was found least often (9.3 and 13.9%, respectively). All isolates with M phenotype had the mef(A/E) gene, being prevalent the mef(E) subclass. cMLS(B) and iMLS(B) strains contained the erm(B) gene, alone or in combination with the mef(A/E) gene. Thirteen isolates were intermediately resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin and 11 strains showed low susceptibility to telithromycin. Linezolid was active against all the isolates tested and tetracycline resistance was the major one in VGS (41.6%) and Gemella spp. (46.2%).

Acetamides↗
PubMed2004

In vitro activity of telithromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and comparator antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.

We have studied the prevalence of the different macrolide, lincosamide, streptograminB (MLS(B)) phenotypes among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates erythromycin- and/or oxacillin-resistant; and also the activity of other antimicrobial agents including telithromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and vancomycin. We found that 64.86% of S. aureus were oxacillin-resistant. While the most prevalent MLS(B) phenotype among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was constitutive MLS(B) (cMLS) (83%), among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) it was inducible MLS(B) (iMLS(B)) (90%). Kanamycin resistance was more frequent than resistance to other aminoglycosides, being 100% for MRSA. Telithromycin was only active against iMLS(B), MS and erythromycin-susceptible isolates, although resistance rates were found among iMLS(B) MSSA (2.78%). Quinupristin/dalfopristin showed greater activity, with resistance rates of 2.5% for MRSA and 1.53% for MSSA. Both vancomycin and linezolid were fully active against all the isolates tested, with the highest MIC value being 2 microg/ml and 4 microg/ml, respectively. Among MRSA strains, 81.67% displayed resistance to five or more antimicrobials. This multiresistance was more frequently found among cMLS(B) strains (96.38% MRSA resistant to 6-9 agents).

Acetamides↗
PubMed2003

Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla (México).

The village of Zapotitlán de las Salinas is situated in the Valley of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla, Mexico. Plant species used by the local inhabitants to treat gastrointestinal diseases were identified using ethnobotanical, ethnographic and taxonomic methods. Out of 119 interviews, 44 plant species were registered, of which the following are the most frequently used (listed in descending order): Lippia graveolens H.B. et K. (Verbenaceae), Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. (Verbenaceae), Turnera diffusa (Willd.) ex Schult. (Turneraceae), Lippia oaxacana Rob. et Greenm. (Verbenaceae), Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greenm.) Rydb. (Asteraceae), Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. et Schult. (Boraginaceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) and Acalypha hederacea Torrey (Euphorbiaceae). From these plants, hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts were prepared in order to assess their antibacterial activity against 14 bacterial strains causing the most common gastrointestinal diseases in Mexican population. All hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. There is a correlation between the frequency of mention (of plant use) and the antibacterial activity. In conclusion, the knowledge of plants most frequently used for gastrointestinal infections in Zapotitlán de las Salinas is supported by scientific rationale.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

[Is mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma a distinct entity?].

INTRODUCTION: Several publications have demonstrated that mucinous carcinomas of the colon and rectum are associated with certain clinicopathological and genetic peculiarities that distinguish them from non-mucinous carcinomas. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate whether the biological behavior of mucinous carcinomas differs from that of intestinal carcinomas in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. PATIENTS: Between January 1993 and December 2000, 215 patients. underwent surgery in our hospital for colorectal cancer. The patients were divided into two groups according to histological type: tumors were intestinal in 169 patients (82%) and mucinous in 36 (17.6%). Patients undergoing non-resective surgery and those with tumors of other histological types (n = 10) were excluded. RESULTS: The percentage of patients aged less than 50 years in the group with mucinous carcinoma was 19% (7/36) compared with 4% (7/169) in the non-mucinous group (p = 0.001). Regarding presenting symptoms, anemia was more frequent in patients with mucinous carcinoma (18.2% [n = 6] vs 5.7% [n = 8]) and a change in bowel habits was less frequent (15% [n = 5] vs 34.3% [n = 48]; p < 0.05). A total of 63.9% of mucinous carcinomas (n = 23) were located in the proximal colon (cecum, ascending and transverse colon) compared with 21.3% (n = 36) of non-mucinous carcinomas (p < 0.001). Surgical intention was palliative in 41.7% (n = 23.7) of mucinous carcinomas and in 23.7% (n = 40) of non-mucinous carcinomas (p < 0.05). The mean tumoral size was 6.2 2.5 cm in mucinous carcinomas and 4.7 2 in non-mucinous carcinomas (p = 0.001). Patients with mucinous carcinoma presented a higher percentage of nodal and distant metastases and a lower percentage of early stage tumors (p < 0.05). However, no differences were found in survival between the two histological types. CONCLUSION: Mucinous tumors were more frequently located in the right colon and in patients less than 50 years old and were more likely to be in more advanced stages than non-mucinous tumors but no differences were found in survival according to tumor type.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2001

Bridges and barriers: educational mobility of Hispanic nurses.

The lack of data on the educational mobility of the Hispanic nurse presents major barriers in designing effective strategies to diversify the nursing work force. However, such data are necessary to ensure parity of representation of Hispanics in nursing. The purpose of this project was to identify barriers and bridges to educational mobility experienced by Hispanic nurses. Focus groups were conducted in six sites throughout the country. Separate groups were conducted with Hispanic ADN nurses who had completed their BSN and with BSN nurses who had completed their MSN. Barriers encountered and identified by participants included financial burdens, institutional barriers, perceived discrimination by faculty and peers, and cultural values such as the importance of the family and prescribed gender roles. Conversely, bridges to completing degree requirements included family, peers, and faculty. Recommendations to facilitate educational mobility of Hispanic nurses are provided.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed2001

A critical analysis of compliance.

In nursing the word compliance has competing meanings. In order to understand these meanings, nursing literature was reviewed and a critical analysis of this concept was undertaken. This included an examination of how nursing was located in relation to the historical controversy surrounding the term compliance. The philosophy that undergirds this analysis is critical theory scholarship, which focuses on language as a vehicle for social control and domination. Literature was critically analyzed according to how nurse authors define the term compliance and the historical context in which the term was used. Analysis of the literature revealed three distinct categories: evaluative, rationalization, and acceptance. Each of these categories is described and the selection criteria identified. We recommend that, nurses intent on conducting future compliance research, consider emancipatory models for their investigations.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed2000

Self-dynamic structure factor of dense liquids: theory and simulation.

The self-intermediate dynamic structure factor Fs(k,t) of liquid lithium near the melting temperature is calculated by molecular dynamics. The results are compared with the predictions of several theoretical approaches, paying special attention to the Lovesey model and the Wahnström and Sjögren mode-coupling theory. To this end the results for the Fs(k,t) second memory function predicted by both models are compared with the ones calculated from the simulations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Control of ticks resistant to immunization with Bm86 in cattle vaccinated with the recombinant antigen Bm95 isolated from the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus.

The recombinant Bm86-containing vaccine Gavac(TM) against the cattle tick Boophilus microplus has proved its efficacy in a number of experiments, especially when combined with acaricides in an integrated manner. However, tick isolates such as the Argentinean strain A, show low susceptibility to this vaccine. In this paper we report on the isolation of the Bm95 gene from the B. microplus strain A, which was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris producing a glycosylated and particulated recombinant protein. This new antigen was effective against different tick strains in a pen trial, including the B. microplus strain A, resistant to vaccination with Bm86. A Bm95-based vaccine was used to protect cattle against tick infestations under production conditions, lowering the number of ticks on vaccinated animals and, therefore, reducing the frequency of acaricide treatments. The Bm95 antigen from strain A was able to protect against infestations with Bm86-sensitive and Bm86-resistant tick strains, thus suggesting that Bm95 could be a more universal antigen to protect cattle against infestations by B. microplus strains from different geographical areas.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Continuous infusion of recombinant activated factor VII during caesarean section delivery in a patient with congenital factor VII deficiency.

Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) can be used as an alternative therapy in patients with FVII deficiency. However, as the drug has a very short half-life, continuous infusion could be a meaningful administration modality. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with moderate FVII deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus infection who underwent a caesarean section delivery. She was treated with a continuous infusion of rFVIIa and did not suffer any bleeding complication. The continuous infusion of rFVIIa was a safe and effective therapeutic approach for our patient, maintaining her levels of FVII:C and avoiding bleeding during caesarean section and afterwards.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Nutritional evaluation of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) in albino mice and their descendants].

The Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a Peruvian hypocotyl that grows exclusively between the 3700 and 4500 masl at the Peruvian Andes. Traditionally it is attributed nutritional, energizing, fertilizing properties among others. With the purpose of evaluate scientifically the nutritional property of Maca, we carried out a controlled study in two generations of albino Swiss mice (parents and breeding). The parents were aleatorily assigned to one of three nutritional schedules. The food of each group was prepared based on powder from a commercial balanced food (CBF) of which 30% was replaced by raw or cooked Maca according to the corresponding group or pure CBF in the control group. The groups were this way: 1) Raw Maca Group; 2) Cooked Maca Group; and, 3) Control Group. The results showed that the curves of growth were similar and adequate for the three groups. However, the cooked Maca group showed the best curve. These data were better observable in the second generation of animals, with significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). The CBF group had a better growth than raw Maca group. No signs of malnutrition nor overweight were observed in none of the groups. The serum values of total proteins and albumin were statistically superior for the mice group eating cooked Maca than that of the raw Maca and CBF groups. This study demonstrates, in a scientifical evaluation, one of the traditionally attributed properties of Maca, the nutritional capability.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Vaccination against ticks (Boophilus spp.): the experience with the Bm86-based vaccine Gavac.

The control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne diseases remain a challenge for the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Traditional control methods have been only partially successful and the parasites continue to result in significant losses for the cattle industry. Recently, vaccines containing the recombinant B. microplus gut antigen Bm86 have been developed. Our vaccine formulation (Gavac, Heber Biotec S.A., Havana, Cuba) has been registered and is commercially available in Cuba, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Mexico. In controlled pen trials, Gavac has been effective for the control of artificial infestations of B. annulatus, B. decoloratus and chemical-sensitive and resistant B. microplus strains from Australia, Africa, America and Iran. In controlled field trials in Cuba, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, Gavac has shown a 55-100% efficacy in the control of B. microplus infestations in grazing cattle 12-36 weeks after the first vaccination. Field trials under production conditions have been conducted in Cuba, Colombia, Brazil and Mexico in pure and cross-bred cattle herds. The application of Gavac has increased the time between acaricide treatments by an average of 32 /-21 days (P = 0.0005) resulting in important savings for the cattle industry. In Cuba, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in more than 260000 animals. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed a 60% reduction in the number of acaricide treatments, together with the control of tick infestations and transmission of babesiosis, which resulted in savings of 23.4 dollars animal(-1) year (-1). These results clearly demonstrate the advantage of vaccination and support the application of Gavac for the control of Boophilus spp. infestations.

Animals↗