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Biomedical subjects

M Capelli

Publications and source records attributed to M Capelli.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Enhanced pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine in type II diabetes. Effect of ACE inhibition.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on the pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine in type II diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight normotensive subjects, eight mild-to-moderate hypertensive type II diabetic patients, and eight nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension were studied before and after 4 weeks of being administered enalapril. The pressor response to norepinephrine was assessed by infusing the hormone in an antecubital vein at incremental doses of 30 ng.kg-1.min-1 for periods of 5 min until reaching an increase of 20 +/- 2 mmHg in mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured by an automatic device at 1-min intervals. An effective dosage of norepinephrine that increased MAP by 20 mmHg (EDNE 20) was thereafter calculated. Before and during the last minute of norepinephrine infusion at maximum dosage, a venous blood sample was drawn to determine plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, and norepinephrine levels. RESULTS: In the three groups of patients, blood pressure and aldosterone were reduced while PRA was raised following ACE inhibition. Basal and maximum postinfusion levels of norepinephrine were not modified by enalapril. The EDNE 20 was basally lower in diabetic patients and remained unchanged after ACE inhibition, contrary to that observed in nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Both normotensive and hypertensive type II diabetic patients have an increased pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine that is not modified by therapeutic doses of enalapril, contrary to what is observed in nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The analytical performance of the Ciba Corning ACS:180 automated immunoassay system. A multicentre evaluation.

The analytical performance of the Ciba Corning ACS:180 automated immunoassay system was studied according to a revised version of the ECCLS guidelines and partly according to a protocol of the Société Francaise de Biologie Clinique (SFBC) in a multicentre evaluation involving three laboratories. The determination of 8 analytes yielded more than 50,000 data. The values for imprecision showed that the ACS:180 is comparable to the ES-600, and gives better results for many analytes than other comparison methods. The recovery of system-assigned values in control sera was acceptable for all analytes. The upper limits of linearity claimed by the manufacturer were confirmed for all analytes. In many cases, the results for patients' samples showed good agreement between the ACS:180 and several different comparison methods. One exception was lutropin, with a large spread of the data. Furthermore, for human chorionic gonadotropin and prostate-specific antigen, the slopes of the fitting lines were significantly higher than 1. Triacylglycerols and haemoglobin did not significantly influence the measurements of any analyte. Bilirubin affected the measurement of triiodothyronine and human chorionic gonadotropin. Significant drift or carry-over effects were not detected. The selective ACS:180 is fully automatic, requires relative short personnel time, and was easy to operate.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1994

Body weight, fat distribution and the menopausal status in women. The VMH Collaborative Group.

Since sex hormones are involved in the regulation of body composition and adipose tissue metabolism, in this study we investigated whether menopause may alter body weight and fat distribution in women. Data were obtained from the Virgilio-Menopause-Health Study, which is a longitudinal epidemiological project aimed at investigating the relationship between menopause and related plasma hormonal concentrations, body weight, fat distribution and health. Only data from the first cross-sectional examination are presented. Out of the 952 women living in the town of Virgilio, Mantua (Italy) and born between January 1st, 1932 and December 31st, 1946, 596 (62.6%) participated in the study. Since incomplete data were present in 19 women, 577 was the final sample size available for statistical analysis. The protocol included a collection of blood for hormones and biochemistry, a full clinical history with socioeconomic and personal information, drug use, smoking, dietary and physical activity habits, and several anthropometric measurements. According to the clinical and hormonal status, 160 women were classified as pre-menopausal, 124 as peri-menopausal and 293 as post-menopausal. After adjusting for age, we found that body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in peri-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women and remained slightly, but again significantly, higher in post-menopausal women. Although waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios increased significantly and progressively from pre- to post-menopause, any difference was not significant after adjusting for age. Diet, physical activity and smoking habits did not explain the difference in BMI values. No difference was found in the use of estro-progestagen compounds between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Endogenous opioid system and atrial natriuretic factor in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents at rest and during exercise test.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the endogenous opioid system on plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) levels during sympathetic hyperactivity. DESIGN: We studied the young normotensive offspring of parents who both had essential hypertension, who are characterized by a hyperactive sympathetic nervous system. METHODS: We assessed plasma beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin B, ANF and noradrenaline levels, blood pressure and heart rate values in eight normotensive offspring and in 10 young normotensive subjects with no family history of hypertension (controls) at rest and during two exercise tests: the first test performed with the infusion of placebo (1.5 ml/min saline) and the second test with the infusion of an opioid antagonist (9.5 micrograms/kg per min naloxone hydrochloride). ANF and opioids were radioimmunoassayed after chromatographic pre-extraction. RESULTS: At rest plasma met-enkephalin, dynorphin B, ANF and noradrenaline values in the normotensive offspring were significantly higher than in the controls. Exercise with placebo significantly raised all hormonal and haemodynamic parameters in the two groups. This increase was significantly higher in the normotensive offspring than in the controls. Naloxone did not modify any parameter in either group at rest, but it enhanced further the rise in plasma noradrenaline levels induced by exercise in both groups. A similar effect of naloxone during exercise was observed for plasma ANF levels in the normotensive offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that plasma met-enkephalin, dynorphin B, ANF and noradrenaline levels at rest and during exercise are higher in normotensive offspring than in controls. The effects of naloxone indicate that in normotensive offspring at rest the opioid system does not affect ANF release, whereas during exercise it attenuates ANF hypersecretion, possibly by reducing noradrenaline release.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between plasma atrial natriuretic factor and opioid peptide levels in healthy subjects and in patients with acute congestive heart failure.

We evaluated plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin and noradrenaline levels in 20 healthy subjects and 20 acute congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. In all acute CHF patients plasma values of these hormones were higher than in healthy subjects. The hormonal pattern differed in patients with the more severe acute CHF (group 1) from patients with less severe acute CHF (group 2) (ANF 53.8 +/- 1.0 vs 34.6 +/- 1.5 pg.ml-1, noradrenaline 563.8 +/- 13.4 vs 202.4 +/- 10.6 pg.ml-1, met-enkephalin 41.0 +/- 3.2 vs 17.0 +/- 1.6 fmol.ml-1, dynorphin 46.8 +/- 3.7 vs 25.2 +/- 2.0 fmol.ml-1, P < 0.01; beta-endorphin 50.6 +/- 5.2 vs 41.8 +/- 4.1 fmol.ml-1,ns). Administration of an opioid antagonist (naloxone, 8 mg i.v.) did not modify ANF or noradrenaline concentration in healthy subjects. In group 1 naloxone administration significantly raised ANF (68.0 +/- 1.4 pg.ml-1), noradrenaline (776.6 +/- 18.7 pg.ml-1), blood pressure and heart rate, whereas in group 2 it significantly decreased ANF values (21.9 +/- 0.5 pg.ml-1) and did not modify the other parameters. Our findings suggest that the opioid system affects ANF release in acute CHF. In patients with severe CHF opioid peptides may attenuate ANF secretion reducing noradrenergic stimulation. On the other hand, when CHF is less severe and the sympathetic activity is moderate, opioid peptides may directly stimulate ANF secretion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Changes in brain catecholamine metabolism during bromocriptine treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome.

The role of dopaminomimetic drugs on the brain catecholamine metabolism in the neuroendocrine regulation of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) was investigated. We measured, besides peptide hormones and sex steroids, urinary dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, epinephrine, vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector in 10 women with PCO before and during long-term bromocriptine (BRC) administration. HVA and DOPAC concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in PCO patients compared with 12 control subjects in the early follicular phase, whereas MHPG concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in PCO patients. During BRC administration, HVA, DOPAC and MHPG levels increased significantly (p < 0.01 for HVA and DOPAC, and p < 0.05) for MHPG), prolactin levels dropped markedly (p < 0.01), whereas luteinizing hormone levels did not change (p = NS). These data show (1) a reduced DA activity in PCO which may be normalizable under BRC treatment, but also (2) no major effects of DA metabolism on the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion of the syndrome.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the suppressive capacity of different depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in women.

Different depot GnRH analogs (GnRH-A) are currently used for the reversible suppression of the pituitary-ovarian axis in several reproductive and neoplastic disorders in women. In spite of anecdotal reports of incomplete suppression by some depot GnRH-A, this issue has never been systematically investigated in adult women. Thus, we elected to study 40 normally cycling women with male-related infertility or benign reproductive disorders; each group of 10 subjects received a different GnRH-A for 3 months: buserelin (group B; 300 micrograms, sc, every 12 h, as a control), goserelin (group G; 3.6 mg, sc, every 28 days), leuprorelin (group L; 3.75 mg, im, every 28 days), and triptorelin (group T; 3.75 mg, im, every 28 days). Depot GnRH-A was administered by one of the investigators. GnRH tests (100 micrograms, iv) were performed before treatment (cycle day 7; test A) and on treatment days 57 (i.e. 1 day after the third depot GnRH-A; test B) and 84 (i.e. 28 days after the third depot GnRH-A; test C). Immunoreactive (i) LH levels were measured with an ultrasensitive immunochemiluminometric assay. Profound suppression of the iLH response to the GnRH test occurred in all subjects during treatment. Conversely, FSH levels in the third month of treatment tended to be higher in the depot GnRH-A groups than in group B, and this difference achieved statistical significance (P < 0.05) in groups G and L during test C. In GnRH test B, while the mean estradiol (E2) level was less than 75 pmol/L (< 20 pg/mL) in all group B subjects, individual E2 levels were greater than 75 pmol/L in five patients receiving depot GnRH-A (two in group G, one in L, and two in T). Finally, individual E2 levels during test C were greater than 75 pmol/L in only two patients of group G, who also reported vaginal spotting. Thus, we conclude that in adult women, 1) iLH was profoundly suppressed in the third month of administration of all GnRH-A tested; 2) FSH suppression with depot GnRH-A was less marked than that with high-dose short-acting sc buserelin; and 3) signs of an incomplete block of ovarian function can be present in the third month of depot GnRH-A administration, particularly when goserelin is employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in obese women with different patterns of body fat distribution.

To investigate whether obese subjects with abdominal obesity may be characterized by hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, we examined two groups of obese women with a waist to hip ratio (WHR) lower than 0.80 (n = 13), therefore having peripheral body fat distribution (P-BFD), or a WHR higher than 0.85 (n = 12), thus having abdominal body fat distribution (A-BFD). A group of seven normal weight healthy women served as controls. All subjects underwent the following protocol study that included 1) measurement of daily urinary free cortisol excretion rate; 2) a CRF test (human CRF, 1 microgram/kg BW, as iv bolus), with blood samples taken at regular intervals for ACTH and cortisol determination; and 3) an ACTH test, performed by administering two boli of ACTH (Synacthen, 0.2 microgram/kg BW, iv), at 90-min intervals, with blood samples taken for cortisol determination. Each woman also had a control saline study. Basal levels of both ACTH and cortisol rose significantly after CRF administration in all groups, but this increase was significantly higher in A-BFD than in P-BFD and control women. A significant correlation was found between the incremental area of cortisol and that of ACTH during the CRF test (r = 0.502), but not between these parameters and WHR values. Although the cortisol increase after the ACTH test was higher in A-BFD than in the other groups, these differences were only significant at 60 min during the test and when the analysis for repeated measures was applied. On the contrary, the incremental cortisol area after the ACTH test was not significantly different in the three groups. Moreover, it was not significantly correlated with the incremental cortisol area after CRF test or WHR values. Daily urinary free cortisol excretion rates (per g creatinine), however, were significantly higher in A-BFD than in P-BFD and control women. These results, therefore, suggest that obese women with A-BFD may have hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This abnormality could be central in origin, due to hypersecretion of CRF or ACTH; alternatively, it could represent an adaptive phenomenon secondary to a state of functional cortisol resistance.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

Adeno-pituitary hormones in human hypothalamic hypophysial blood.

An in vivo technique for collecting blood from the pituitary stalk using transphenoidal microsurgery has recently been developed in men with nonfunctioning pituitary disease. To determine the origin of this blood and the direction of the stream, we measured contemporaneously the levels of LH, FSH, PRL, GH, TSH, and ACTH in hypothalamic-hypophysial blood (HHB) and peripheral blood (PB). Eleven patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas entered the study. The surgical procedure used for collecting HHB consisted of periodically aspirating small amounts of blood using a microsuction apparatus, just after tumor removal, kept in the postero-superior corner of the sella turcica at the junction of the diaphragm with the dursum sellae. The data show clearly the existence of a dramatic concentration gap in HHB vs. PB in all adeno-pituitary hormones (P = 0.003). The HHB/PB ratio varied from 50-600 in the different hormones. The secretion of adeno-pituitary hormones in blood drawn at the pituitary stalk level in man was reported for the first time. The dramatic HHB/PB ratio of the hormone levels has been emphasized. The most likely explanation for the markedly elevated hormone concentration gradient between central and peripheral blood was sampling of peri- and/or suprapituitary blood. To consider the origin and direction of the HHB stream, two hypotheses have been further advanced: 1) a retrograde bloodflow from the pituitary, and 2) a central-hypothalamic secretion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Beta-endorphin response to exogenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone in obese women with different patterns of body fat distribution.

Obese individuals may be characterized by higher than normal basal and stimulated beta-endorphin plasma concentrations, which suggests an increased activity of the opioid system. This study was carried out to investigate whether the regulation of beta-endorphin secretion may be different in different phenotypes of obesity. Twenty-two obese women (body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2) without other endocrine and metabolic abnormalities were investigated. A group of seven normal weight healthy women matched for age served as controls. According to the protocol, obese women included in the study had a waist-to-hip ratio higher than 0.85 (n = 9) or lower than 0.80 (n = 13). The former were defined as having abdominal type and the latter peripheral type body fat distribution. Both groups were matched for body mass index. All women randomly underwent a corticotrophin-releasing hormone test (human CRF, 1 microgram/kg body weight) and a control saline study, with blood samples for beta-endorphin determination taken at regular intervals. Basal beta-endorphin levels were not significantly different between the three groups. No significant variation in the hormone levels occurred during the control study in either group. After CRF injection, however, beta-endorphin rose significantly in all women, but the hormone concentrations were significantly higher in obese women with abdominal fat distribution than in those with peripheral fat distribution and in controls. These results indicate that, among obese women, only those with the abdominal phenotype seem to have increased opioid activity.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound and serum hCG in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Transvaginal ultrasound was performed upon admission of 127 patients with a clinical suspicion of ectopic pregnancy in association with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) determination. Failure to visualize with sonography an intrauterine gestational sac with an hCG level superior to 1000 mIU/ml identified 25/42 tubal pregnancies with a positive predictive value of 86% and a specificity of 93%. Abnormal adnexal findings occurred in 95% of the ectopic pregnancies. Extrauterine gestational sacs with or without embryos could be confidently detected in 19 ectopic pregnancies (45%). A complex adnexal mass was seen in 19 cases and yielded a positive predictive value of 90% (19/21). Adnexal gestational sacs and complex masses were seen more frequently in those ectopic pregnancies with an hCG level above 1000 mIU/ml but the difference was not significant (100% versus 78%). Simple adnexal cysts were found more frequently in intrauterine pregnancies, and fluid in the cul-de-sac was also not indicative of ectopic pregnancy (positive predictive value, 29%). Transvaginal ultrasound has a primary role in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. The combined use of uterine and adnexal sonography associated with elevated hCG levels allows a definitive diagnosis in the vast majority of cases at a very early stage, when the chances for a successful conservative treatment are greater.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

The role of the opioid peptides in the development of hyperinsulinemia in obese women with abdominal body fat distribution.

In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that increased opioid activity may be involved in the development of hyperinsulinemia in women with obesity and abdominal body fat distribution. Two groups of nine obese body (body mass index [BMI], 30 to 40 kg/m2) women with abdominal (A-ob) (waist to hip ratio [WHR] greater than 0.85) or gluteo-femoral (F-ob) (WHR greater than or equal to 0.80) fat distribution were examined and compared with eight normal-weight controls. Basal beta-endorphin levels were higher in the A-ob group than in the other groups. Each woman underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, 75 g glucose). A bolus of naloxone (0.8 mg) followed by a constant infusion of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg/h) or saline was also administered during the glucose challenge in random order, and blood samples for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were collected at regular times after glucose administration. No difference was observed in basal or stimulated glucose concentrations between the three groups, nor between the saline or naloxone study. However, basal and stimulated insulin levels were significantly higher in obese women (particularly in the A-ob group) than in controls. Naloxone administration, however, did not significantly modify insulin and C-peptide glucose-stimulated concentrations in controls and in the F-ob group, whereas it significantly reduced (by approximately 47%) insulin levels in the A-ob group. Partial correlation coefficients showed a significant negative correlation between percent variation of glucose-stimulated insulin incremental areas during the naloxone study and the WHR in all women considered together (r = .544, P less than .025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Cellular response and anti-HBs synthesis in vitro after vaccination with yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis vaccine.

Two groups of subjects receiving two different doses of yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) (10 micrograms Gen-HB-Vax, Merck Sharp and Dohme and 20 micrograms Engerix-B, Smith Kline and French) were investigated for in vitro specific humoral and cellular response to the native protein. In vitro proliferative response was dependent on the following critical variables: (1) antigen-specific precursor lymphocytes were present in the peripheral blood for a very short time; (2) the number of circulating specific precursors was dependent on the dose of HBsAg used for vaccination; (3) the presence of antigen-presenting cells was necessary to obtain a blastogenic response in vitro. In vitro proliferation was enhanced by the addition of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Spontaneous and stimulated (anti-CD3, pokeweed mitogen) anti-HBs antibody production in vitro was obtained in only eight out of 20 subjects after the fourth boost. Although a different immunogenicity of the two vaccines cannot be excluded, these data strongly suggest that T and B cells responsive to HBsAg present different kinetics of recirculation in the peripheral blood, depending on the antigen dose used for immunization.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Growth and thyroid function in children treated with growth hormone.

We examined the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on thyroid function in 57 children with isolated GH deficiency and whether this effect could influence their growth response. Thyroid function and insulin-like growth factor I levels were measured before and after 3, 6, and 12 months of recombinant-GH therapy (20 U/m2 per week, given subcutaneously), after a 1-month withdrawal from therapy, and after a further 6 months of GH administration. The serum concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and the T3/T4 (thyroxine) ratio increased after 12 months of GH treatment, whereas total T4 and free T4 levels decreased; thyrotropin levels did not change significantly during treatment but increased after a 1-month withdrawal. After a further 6 months of GH therapy, an increase in T3 levels and in the T3/T4 ratio and a decrease in total T4 and free T4 levels were found again, and thyrotropin levels decreased. The increment in growth velocity after 12 months of therapy correlated positively with the T3/T4 ratio and negatively with total T4 and free T4 values. These data confirm in children a GH-induced enhancement of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. This effect appears to be more evident in children who are most sensitive to GH in terms of growth-promoting activity.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Neuropsychologic effects of anesthesia in the elderly].

Two anaesthetic techniques, the general balanced anaesthesia and the spinal one, have been compared in relation to their effects on neuropsychological functions as assessed by a neuropsychological test battery. Seventeen patients, who underwent different kinds of operations, have been kept under observation and checked up from a neuropsychological point of view 3 days before (time A) and 7 and 30 days after the operation (respectively time B and time C). No statistical significant differences in relation to the two anaesthetic techniques were found when comparing A, B and C assessment times. A decrease in cognitive performance at time B and a gradual return to basal condition were observed in patients who underwent general anaesthesia. Nevertheless the lack of statistical significance of the observed data leads to the need for further investigation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men.

To investigate the relationship between body fat distribution, sex hormones, and hyperinsulinemia in male obesity, we examined 52 obese men (body mass index [BMI], 35.0 +/- 6.1, mean +/- SD) and 20 normal-weight controls. Their waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), which was used as an index of fat distribution, was 0.985 +/- 0.052 and 0.913 +/- 0.061 (P less than .005), respectively. Compared with controls, obese men presented significantly lower levels of total (357 +/- 132 v 498 +/- 142 ng/dL; P less than .005) and free testosterone (14.2 +/- 2.9 v 17.1 +/- 2.6 pg/mL; P less than .05) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; 41.7 +/- 31.9 v 66.2 +/- 18.6 nmol/L; P less than .001) without any significant difference on the other sex steroid or on gonadotropin concentrations. Fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher in obese than in controls, and in obese with the WHR value greater than 0.97 (corresponding to the distribution median) than in those with WHR lower or equal to 0.97. BMI was negatively correlated with testosterone (P less than .005), free testosterone (P less than .01), and SHBG (P less than .001) and positively with fasting (P less than .001) and glucose-stimulated (P less than .005) C-peptide concentrations, whereas no relationship was found between these variables and WHR values. On the contrary, WHR was significantly correlated with fasting and post-glucose insulin levels (P less than .05), but not with those of sex steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Elimination of infused branched-chain amino-acids from plasma of patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Increased plasma levels of branched-chain amino-acids (BCAA) have been demonstrated in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and related to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. To study the pathogenesis of this alteration, the elimination of BCAA from plasma was measured in 8 patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 8 age-matched control subjects during steady-state BCAA concentrations induced by a primed-continuous infusion. Fasting BCAA levels were increased by 40-50% in patients with diabetes. The plasma clearances of valine, isoleucine, and leucine, calculated as infusion rate divided by steady-state concentration, were reduced by 20% in diabetics, despite 50% hyperinsulinemia (P < 0.01). Basal BCAA levels and BCAA clearance were negatively correlated (r(2) = 0.46 - 0.56). The endogenous basal appearance rates of BCAA, estimated by the basal concentrations multiplied by the plasma clearances, were normal in diabetics, and there was no difference in the apparent volumes of distribution of BCAA. The increased basal concentration of BCAA in poorly controlled type 2 diabetics (693 [SD 114; n = 8] mumol/l vs 479 [88; n = 8] in controls (P < 0.005) is attributable to changes in plasma clearances, without any change in the efflux of BCAA into plasma. This may be due to insulin resistance.

Journal Article↗