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Biomedical subjects

M Castagneto

Publications and source records attributed to M Castagneto.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Should retransplantation still be considered for primary non-function after liver transplantation?

Primary non-function (PNF) of a transplanted liver is a postoperative condition characterized by absence of hepatic recovery due to various insults during harvesting, preservation or revascularization. Until recently early retransplantation (RTx) has been considered the policy of choice. Results of RTx for PNF are unsatisfactory (1-year survival rates ranging from 0 to 34%). The management of PNF by medical care without RTx with a recovery rate of 80% and a 1-year actuarial survival rate of 50% is reported for a series of 33 consecutive liver transplants. The guidelines for the medical care management are given and the results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Metabolic effects and disposition of sebacate, an alternate dicarboxylic fuel substrate.

Disodium sebacate is a 10-carbon-atom dicarboxylic acid, proposed as substrate for parenteral nutrition. We investigated its pharmacokinetic profile and thermogenic effect during a short-time infusion (5 h at 10 g/h) in 7 male volunteers. Sebacate in serum and urine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. A single-compartment model with two linear elimination routes was fitted. Metabolic measurements (VO2, VCO2, respiratory quotient, metabolic rate) were continuously performed for 8 h (5 h during and 3 h after the infusion) by a canopy indirect calorimeter. The apparent volume of distribution of sebacate was 8.39 +/- 0.69 liters, and the plasma fractional removal rate constant was 0.0086 +/- 0.00077 min-1. The average half-life and plasma clearance were 80.6 min and 72 ml/min, respectively. The increase in metabolic rate, the decrease in respiratory quotient and the changes in ketone body, glucagon and insulin levels during the infusion were not significant. 24-hour catecholamine excretion was within normal limits. Calories administered by sebacate seem to be available for utilization without relevant metabolic side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The use of absorbable staples for construction of a bladder tube.

Stapling instruments have been widely used in general surgery but not in the surgical treatment of the urinary tract. The stapler Poly CS-57 (Auto Suture, U. S. S. C.) with absorbable staples has been evaluated in the construction of ten bladder tubes for ureteral substitution in three dogs and six pigs. The dogs and pigs were sacrificed at two, three and six months. There was no mortality rate, no infections, no suture leakages and no crystal or stone formation. There were three instances of ureterovesical anastomotic stenosis. It appears that the absorbable staple can be safely used in urologic operations and that the use of the Poly CS 57 stapler for the construction of a bladder tube makes the procedure safer, simpler and faster.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Relationship of plasma cholesterol level to doses of branch-chain amino acids in sepsis.

Plasma cholesterol levels, plasma lactate, and total body RQ were measured in septic patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with glucose, fat, and two different branch-chain amino acid admixtures (49% BCAA and 16% BCAA). Mean plasma cholesterol for all measurements (2.61 +/- 0.94 [SD] mmol/L) was lower than normal; however, it was higher with 49% BCAA than with 16% BCAA (2.94 +/- 0.95 vs. 2.27 +/- 0.81 mmol/L, p less than .001) for comparable loads of glucose, fat, and total amino acids. Plasma lactate and RQ were lower with 49% BCAA than with 16% BCAA (p less than .001 for both). Cholesterol was directly related to the absolute dose of BCAA (p less than .001), was unrelated to the dose of non-BCAA, and was inversely related to lactate (p less than .001). These results suggest that BCAA ketoacids contribute to cholesterol synthesis in sepsis, as well as being an oxidative source. The data also suggest that the reduction in alanine in BCAA-enriched amino-acid TPN assists in the lowering of plasma lactate secondary to abnormal septic glucose metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Toxicity of disodium sebacate.

Investigations of the acute toxicity of disodium sebacate after oral, i.p. and i.v. administration were carried out on 220 Wistar rats (110 males and 110 females) and 204 New Zealand rabbits (102 males and 102 females). No oral acute toxicity was found. On the contrary LD50 +/- s.e. of 5500 +/- 830 mg/kg b.w. and 6000 +/- 850 mg/kg b.w. were found respectively for rats and rabbits after i.p. sebacate administration. When sebacate was given i.v., the median lethal dose +/- s.e. was 560 +/- 86.5 mg/kg b.w. for rats and 1400 +/- 267.2 mg/kg b.w. for rabbits. Similar results were obtained in corresponding groups of animals (in total 220 rats and 204 rabbits) given oral, i.p. and i.v. saline solutions with added glucose in order to obtain the same value of osmolarity and sodium ion concentration. The above results appear indicative of low toxicity of disodium sebacate, and suggest that the toxic effects found could be due to the sodium content of the compound administered. Similarly, subacute and chronic toxicity was investigated in forty rats and forty rabbits (twenty males and twenty females) fed disodium sebacate incorporated into pellets. When compared to the control animals, no significant differences in biological parameters (clinical, chemical and haematological values, growth curves and histological findings for the different organs) were observed in the test groups during the treatment period. In addition, fetal toxicity, teratogenicity and neonatal toxicity were investigated in twenty female rats and twenty female rabbits. Sebacic acid did not show any teratogenic effect and the development of the fetuses was regular.

Animals↗