Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma. Morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic features.
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Antigens, CD34↗
Biomedical subjects
M Cerdá-Nicolás
Publications and source records attributed to M Cerdá-Nicolás.
Anti-inflammatory activity of two cucurbitacins isolated from Cayaponia tayuya roots.
Fractionation of an anti-inflammatory extract from Cayaponia tayuya roots yielded two active compounds, identified as 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B (1) and cucurbitacin R (2). Both were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity on several experimental models of pain and inflammation. In addition, their cytotoxicity and effects on leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation were evaluated in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Both compounds showed activity in the following models: carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema (1, 4 mg/kg p.o., 46% inhibition at 3 h), phospholipase A2-induced mouse paw oedema (2, 3 mg/kg i.p., 61% inhibition at 60 min), serotonin-induced mouse paw oedema (1 and 2, 0.5 mg/kg s.c., 73% and 79% inhibition, respectively), 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced acute ear oedema (2, 36% inhibition at 4 mg/kg p.o., and 87% inhibition at 0.1 mg/ear topically). The compounds were also active against the inflammation induced by repeated application of TPA on mouse ears, affecting both the oedema itself (1 and 2 at 0.1 mg/ear, 44% and 56% inhibition, respectively) as well as cell infiltration (68% and 69%, respectively). The activity of both compounds against oedema induced by serotonin was not modified by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone; however, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide abolished the anti-inflammatory response in both cases. Neither compound modified the production of LTB4 in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes, nor did they exhibit analgesic properties at the dose assayed.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
[Meningioma: a model of cytogenetic evolution in tumoral initiation and progresion].
Meningiomas are tumors of the central nervous system with a great morphological heterogeneity. They are generally benign, and have the capacity to progress to a higher histological grade (atypical and anaplastic), which is associated with an increase in biological aggressivity and/or capacity to recur. Citogenetically this evolution is characterized by total or partial monosomy 22 in the early phase, continued by numerical and structural changes during tumor progression. In this study, we present a review of 85 cases of meningiomas: 43 benign, 28 atypical and 14 anaplastic. We study the clinical and histopathological features, and their correlation with cytogenetie abnormalities present in these tumors. Numerical aberrations such as monosomy of chromosome 10, 14 and 18, and structural abnormalities such as deletions on 1p are directly associated with a higher agressivity of tumors. An association of aberatons on 1p and chromosome 14 are more commonly found in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. These facts imply that the presence of complex karyotypes progressively increases from grade I to grade III meningiomas. Furthermore, these karyotypes are common in recurrent tumors.
Adult↗
[Oligoastrocytoma with signet-ring cell differentiation. A morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study].
We present a case of a mixed glial tumor (oligoastrocytoma) with signet-ring cells. This cellular feature is a rare differentiation in glial tumors of the central nervous system. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings have been analyzed. Signet-ring cells showed intense expression with GFAP, S-100 and vimentin. A differential diagnosis with other primary brain tumors and cerebral metástases with signet-ring cell differentiation was discussed.
Adult↗
Isolation of two triterpenoids and a biflavanone with anti-Inflammatory activity from Schinus molle fruits.
Three compounds with anti-inflammatory activity were isolated from Schinus molle fruits. Two of the compounds were identified as 3- epi-isomasticadienolalic acid ( 1), isomasticadienonalic acid ( 2) and chamaejasmin ( 3). Triterpenes 1 and 2, and biflavanone 3 were tested on two models of mice paw inflammation: one of acute inflammation, induced by subcutaneous injection of either phospholipase A (2) (PLA (2)) or carrageenan in the paws of mice, and one of chronic inflammation in the form of eczema, provoked by repeated administration of TPA to the ears of mice. On the PLA (2)-induced mouse paw oedema, only 2 was active (30 mg/kg, 66 % inhibition at 60 min), whereas all compounds reduced the chronic model of inflammation (48 to 26 % of swelling reduction), but only triterpenes reduced the leukocyte infiltration, measured as tissue peroxidase activity. In the case of the carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema, only 3 led to a reduction of the swelling 3 h after challenge (50 mg/kg, 46 % oedema inhibition). In addition, 3 inhibited the LTB (4) production in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes with an IC (50) value of 29.8 microM, while triterpenes showed toxicity against cells at 100 microM.
Anacardiaceae↗
[Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis. Morphological and immunohistochemical study of a case].
Inflammatory diseases of the pituitary gland constitute a group of interest because of their scarce frequency, because the disorder presents with symptoms of hypopituitarism and expanding sellar mass and because of their therapeutics implications. We present one case of idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis, in a 55-years-old patient with daily headaches, panhypopituitarism and a sellar mass lesion. Granulomatous hypophysitis is characterized by granulomas with epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells but also shows lymphocyte collections. With respect to immunohistochemistry our results show histiocytes (CD68+) and an heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrate (CD45RO+ y CD20+). We analyze the differential diagnosis with another granulomatous processes, infectious or not infectious, and with the histiocytosis. We examine the possible relation with the lymphocytic hypophysitis.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
Oleanonic acid, a 3-oxotriterpene from Pistacia, inhibits leukotriene synthesis and has anti-inflammatory activity.
One of the best known bioactive triterpenoids is oleanolic acid, a widespread 3-hydroxy-17-carboxy oleanane-type compound. In order to determine whether further oxidation of carbon 3 affects anti-inflammatory activity in mice, different tests were carried out on oleanolic acid and its 3-oxo-analogue oleanonic acid, which was obtained from Pistacia terebinthus galls. The last one showed activity on the ear oedema induced by 12-deoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate (DPP), the dermatitis induced by multiple applications of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA) and the paw oedemas induced by bradykinin and phospholipase A2. The production of leukotriene B4 from rat peritoneal leukocytes was reduced by oleanonic acid with an IC50 of 17 microM. Negligible differences were observed in the response of both triterpenes to DPP, bradykinin, and phospholipase A2, while oleanonic acid was more active on the dermatitis by TPA and on the in vitro leukotriene formation. In conclusion, the presence of a ketone at C-3 implies an increase in the inhibitory effects on models related to 5-lipoxygenase activity and on associated in vivo inflammatory processes.
Animals↗
In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of saponins from Bupleurum rotundifolium.
Seven oleanane-type triterpene saponins were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Bupleurum rotundifolium. They were identified on the basis of their spectral data as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] echinocystic acid (saponin 1), 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl] 11-methoxy-primulagenin A (saponin 2), rotundioside E (saponin 3), rotundioside F (saponin 4), 3beta-sulfate, 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester of primulagenin A (saponin 5), rotundioside C (saponin 6) and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl] 11-methoxy-16beta,21alpha,28-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (saponin 7). All these saponins proved to be effective against TPA-induced ear edema in mice. Their ID50 were determined to be 248, 288, 128, 99 and 297 nmol/ear for saponin 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, respectively. Saponins 3 and 6 were also active on a TPA multiple-dose model of skin chronic inflammation.
Animals↗
Loss of 1p in recurrent meningiomas. a comparative study in successive recurrences by cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Deletion of 1p is associated with histological progression to meningiomas. Detection of this alteration may be a predicting factor for recurrences in this tumor. We present 8 meningiomas from four patients: the original tumor and the first recurrence in one patient, and the first and second recurrences in the other three were studied. We compared results of monosomy 22 and deletion of chromosome 1p with cytogenetic methods and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis obtained from slides of direct preparations, of cultured cells and slides of touch preparations. The cytogenetic study showed normal chromosome 22 and deletion on 1p32 in both samples of one patient; only monosomy 22 in both recurrences in another patient, and normal karyotypes with different non-clonal anomalies in the other tumors. However, with FISH analysis, monosomy 22 in both recurrences of three patients was demonstrated, as well as the loss of 1p in all tumors. These results were more evident in the analysis of direct and touch preparations than in those of cultured cells.
Adult↗
Attenuation by oral N-acetylcysteine of bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats.
Antioxidant therapy may be useful in diseases with impaired oxidant-antioxidant balance such as pulmonary fibrosis. This study examines the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. NAC (3 mmol x kg(-1); oral) was given daily from 1 week prior to a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 U x kg(-1)) or saline, until 14 days postinstillation. NAC partially decreased the augmented collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content was 4,354+/-386 and 3,416+/-326 microg x lung(-1) in vehicle-treated and NAC-treated rats, respectively; p < 0.05). The histological assessment using a semiquantitative score showed less collagen deposition and inflammatory cells in NAC-treated rats compared to those receiving bleomycin alone. NAC failed to inhibit the bleomycin-induced increases in lung wet weight and in cell counts and protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but significantly increased total glutathione and taurine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results indicate that oral N-acetylcysteine improves the pulmonary antioxidant protection and may be useful in reducing lung damage produced by bleomycin.
Acetylcysteine↗
Anti-inflammatory glycoterpenoids from Scrophularia auriculata.
The activity of the four glycoterpenoids: two saponins, verbascosaponin A and verbascosaponin, and two iridoids, scropolioside A and scrovalentinoside, isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, were studied in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. Both saponins significantly inhibited the mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan and ear edema induced by single and multiple doses of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Verbascosaponin A showed a potency twice as high as that of indomethacin in the acute TPA model. Verbascosaponin A and scropolioside A were active after a long latency period against ethyl phenylpropiolate edema, as are glucocorticoids. When the putative corticoid-like mechanism of the two compounds was studied, verbascosaponin A activity was notably reduced by the mRNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin D, while the effect of scropolioside A was partially interfered with by the anti-glucocorticoid drugs used. Both iridoids were active on the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. They significantly reduced the inflammatory lesion and suppressed the cellular infiltration.
Animals↗
Histopathological and cytogenetic findings in benign, atypical and anaplastic human meningiomas: a study of 60 tumors.
Meningiomas may display benign (Grade I), atypical (Grade II) and anaplastic (Grade III) histopathological findings. The cytogenetic studies strongly suggest that secondary changes (moreover loss of chromosome 22) appear to be associated with more atypical features and with greater clinical aggressivity. We studied 60 tumors from 52 patients. Histopathological features such as nuclear pleomorphism, nucleolar prominence, mitosis, necrosis, cellular density, PCNA labeling index, and karyotype have been evaluated. Nuclear pleomorphism and nucleolar prominence showed a progressive increase in Grades I-III. Multifocal micronecrosis was considered a criterion of malignancy. A significant correlation was observed between PCNA-LI, mitotic index and grades. Complex karyotypes increased progressively: benign (34% of cases), atypical (45% of cases) and anaplastic (70% of cases). The most common numerical alterations were losses of chromosomes 10, 14, 18 and 22. The chromosomes most often involved in structural anomalies were: 1, 4, 7, 14 and 22. Telomeric associations was present in four cases and double minutes in two cases. Prognostic criteria for these tumors have been analyzed on the basis of these data.
Adult↗
In vivo studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of pachymic and dehydrotumulosic acids.
Pachymic and dehydrotumulosic acids were studied in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. They proved to be active in most of the methods applied. None of them were active against arachidonic acid-induced ear edema. Dehydrotumulosic acid significantly diminished the mouse ear edema induced by ethyl phenylpropiolate, while pachymic acid was ineffective. When the putative corticoid-like mechanism of both compounds was explored, pachymic acid activity was partially abolished by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist progesterone, but dehydrotumulosic acid activity was not affected. In vivo experiments demonstrated the inhibition by both principles of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced extravasation. The previous report on the effects of both compounds in vitro against PLA2, together with the present in vivo results, support the idea that the inhibition of this enzyme probably constitutes their main mechanism of action.
Animals↗
[Meningiomas with disomy of chromosome 22: study of 9 cases].
BACKGROUND: Cytogenetic studies of meningiomas suggest that loss of (or parts of) chromosome 22 is a primary event in the development of these tumors; later on, other chromosomal changes would occur in the caryotypes. All these secondary changes are observed mainly in cases with high clinical aggressivity. However, in a few cases of meningiomas disomy 22 coexists, but with other chromosomic anomalies. We present clinical, histopathological and cytogenetic findings in a group of meningiomas with disomy of chromosome 22. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected 10 meningiomas from nine patients which ages ranged between 28-70 years. Fresh tumoral specimens were divided for histologic examination and cytogenetic study, performed after short-term culture. RESULTS: At microscopic examination 5 tumors were classified as benign meningiomas, four as atypical and one as malignant meningioma. Four cases were recurrent tumors. The cytogenetic studies showed that all tumors presented two chromosomes 22 and other chromosome abnormalities. Losses in chromosomes 4, 7, 10, 14, 16, 17 and 20 were frequent; cytogenetics rearrangements of chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 14, 19 and 22 were frequently involved. CONCLUSIONS: In karyotypic evolution of meningiomas, secondary anomalies of chromosomes 1p, 10 and 14 are the most common and appear to be associated with a more aggressive clinical course. In this group of meningiomas with disomy 22, these anomalies were also frequently found, and were related in 50% of cases with atypical or malignant morphologies and of them with recurrent tumors in the 40%.
Adult↗
Involvement of the long arm of chromosome 9 in medulloblastoma in an adult.
Medulloblastoma is the most common primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in children, but is very rare in adults. An isochromosome for the long arms of 17, i(17q), is found in about 30% of pediatric cases. Cytogenetic studies in adults are very scarce; only six cases have been described cytogenetically: three cases had normal karyotype, two were studied partially, and another presented only two clonal structural anomalies: del(9)(q12) and del(11)(q22). We studied the chromosomes from medulloblastoma in a 27-year-old woman and found one hypotetraploid stemline with clonal alterations. In the structural anomalies, chromosomes 3, 9, 12, and i(17q) were involved. Chromosome 9 presented a deletion in the long arm, del(9)(q13), with consequent loss of the 9q13-->qter region. This anomaly was similar to one found in a previous case. We suggest that the partial loss of the long arm of chromosome 9 may be a characteristic change of adult medulloblastoma.
Adult↗
Cytogenetical findings of recurrent meningiomas. A study of 10 tumors.
Cytogenetic analyses of 10 cases of recurrent meningiomas growing in culture between 1-10 days are reported, of which seven showed benign morphology, one atypical, and two, malignant features. Normal karyotypes with nonclonal alterations were found in three cases, one case with only monosomy 22, and complex karyotypes in the remaining six. Four cases were hypodiploid, one pseudodiploid, and one hyperdiploid. The chromosomes most often involved in structural rearrangements were 1, 7, and 14 and the losses were chromosomes 7, 10, 14, 15, 18, and 22. Ring chromosome, dicentrics, double minutes, and association between satellites were found in one case. These complex karyotypes with hypodiploidy, structural rearrangements, and other markers in recurrent meningiomas may indicate aggressive tumor characteristics.
Adult↗
Cytogenetic findings in a new case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in sphenoidal sinus.
We studied a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on short-term culture, and the karyotype revealed only an abnormal cell line with the following changes: partial trisomy 5q, 6q deletion, monosomy of chromosome 9,der(10)t(10;15), a possible ring chromosome 22, and loss of the Y chromosome. The implication of chromosomes 6 and 9 is considered in relation to the karyotypic evolution of this type of tumor.
Adult↗
Case of meningioma with del(1)(p32) as sole anomaly.
We studied a case of typical syncytial meningioma. Cytogenetic analysis of the tumor cells showed a karyotype with normal chromosomes 22 and only one anomaly, del(1)(p32). Cases of meningiomas with normal chromosomes 22 and other anomalies are rare, and it is difficult to correlate their histologic characteristics and biologic behavior.
Adult↗