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Biomedical subjects

M Chaffai

Publications and source records attributed to M Chaffai.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Tunisian pemphigus. Apropos of 70 cases. (Experience of the dermatology department of La Rabta Hospital 1974-1992)].

INTRODUCTION: Pemphigus frequently seen in Tunisia has specific characteristics distinguishing it from the European or American forms. Between 1974 and 1992, we observed 70 cases in the dermatology unit of the La Rabta University Hospital in Tunis. Most patients were young (mean age 39 yr), predominantly women (80%). Deep pemphigus (pemphigus vulgaris and vegetans) occurred in 56% and superficial pemphigus (seborrheic and foliaceus) in 44%. High-dose corticosteroids were given as initial treatment (1.4 mg/kg/day). Infectious complications were frequent. Mortality was 14%. Pemphigus in Europe and North America usually occurs in adults in the 50-60 year age range. Superficial forms are rare (2-10%). In Tunisia, pemphigus is similar to Brazilian pemphigus with high frequency and predominant superficial forms (pemphigus foliaceus).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum].

INTRODUCTION: Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum (KCM) is a rare keratoacanthoma. Treatment relies essentially on exeresis which is however difficult due to the widespread nature of the lesions. CASE REPORT: A patient with a 1 year history of KCM associated with psoriasis vulgaris was successfully treated with etretinate (1 mg/kg/day) for 5 months. This medical therapy made it possible to avoid the classical surgery and to blanch the associated psoriasis. COMMENTS: Several authors have shown the favourable effect of etretinate on multiple or large single-site keratoacanthomas. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of successful treatment with etretinate in a case of keratoacanthoma associated with psoriasis. We suggest that this drug could be an effective alternative to mutilating surgery for this specific variety of keratoacanthoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Clinico-epidemiologic forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia].

From an analysis of 1,546 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis collected throughout Tunisia three clinico-epidemiological forms could be determined. These forms are due to three different species of Leishmania and are observed in different geographical areas. Sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis (SCL), 63 cases. This form is found in Northern Tunisia, in known foci of Kala-azar. 96% of the patients have a single, small, ulcerated and crusty lesion on the face surrounded by an important zone of infiltration. Amastigotes are less than 4 microns in diameter, and it is very difficult to maintain the parasites in cultures. This form is probably due to Leishmania infantum, as has been demonstrated in Algeria in a similar form evolving in the same biotope as the Tunisian form. The vector and reservoirs of SCL are unknown. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), 1,412 cases. The disease is epidemic in Central and Southern Tunisia. The lesions are multiple; they affect the limbs more frequently than the face and heal in less than 8 months. They are polymorphous, usually large and superinfected. There is a seasonal occurrence of the outbreaks (summer and autumn). Amastigotes are large (4 to 6.5 microns in diameter) and the parasites easily grow in cultures. This form is caused by Leishmania major, and its vector is Phlebotomus papatasi. Three species of rodents harbour the parasite. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), 71 cases. This form is endemic in South-Eastern Tunisia. 70% of the patients present with single lesions, one half of which affect the face. Dry and proliferating lesions are the most frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Osteoarthritis due to Kingella kingae. Apropos of 4 cases].

The authors describe for cases of osteoarthritis with Kingella Kingae, among children. This gram less than 0 germ, which is not well known, tends to be located in bones and joints. In the light of for observations and some of the cases yet observed, we could identified the clinical, biological, and bacteriological characteristics of this germ that has been just described.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1985

[Valve replacement associated with aorto-coronary bypass in ischemic mitral insufficiency].

26 cases of ischaemic mitral regurgitation (MR) were treated by combined surgery: mitral valve replacement (MVR) and coronary bypass grafting (CBG). This type of operation is not common (1.3 p. 100 of all operations) and is usually reserved for men (21 cases) of middle age (average 59 years). A half of the cases had suffered previous myocardial infarction (MI), an average 5 months before surgery (range 20 days to 2 years). The other half had severe angina or ECG changes of myocardial ischaemia. 23 patients were in Class IV (15 patients) or Class III (8 patients) of the NYHA classification. 6 of the cases required intraaortic balloon pumping. Mitral regurgitation was severe () in half of the cases with a raised pulmonary capillary (mean V wave = 52 mmHg) and systolic pulmonary artery pressures (mean = 47 mmHg: exceeding 60 mmHg in 7 cases). The coronary lesions were severe in 18 patients (12 cases of double and 6 of triple vessel disease including 2 cases of left main stem stenosis). Ruptured chordae were found in 11 cases and papillary muscle necrosis in 4 cases. Surgery comprised MVR with 12 bioprostheses and 14 mechanical prostheses. 33 CBG were performed (anterior wall: 15 cases, posterior wall: 11 cases). In addition, one tricuspid annuloplasty and 3 ventricular aneurysmectomies were carried out. The hospital mortality was 15.4 p. 100. The main causes of morbidity were low output states and postoperative MI (2 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[A comparative study of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries in arterial disease of the lower extremities].

The authors compared the anatomo-radiologic data from a series of 100 consecutive percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA), as well as the immediate and long-term results as a function of the level of the lesion--iliac or femoropopliteal. Proximal to the thigh, there were 57 PTAs, 36 of the common iliac and 21 of the external iliac. In the lower thigh, there were 43 PTAs, 9 of the upper part of the popliteal artery and 34 of the external femoral artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the common iliac lesion was dominant in patients under 60 years of age (p less than 0.05). At the iliac level, 89% of the patients had severe claudication; at the femoropopliteal level, 39% had trophic problems. The "dominant" or "accessory" character of the lesion did not modify the indication for the procedure, regardless of the level. Segmental thrombosis accounted for 44.2% of the femoropopliteal PTA indications, compared with 7% at the iliac level (p less than 0.04). The failure rate was less at the iliac than at the femoropopliteal level. Follow-up was available for 86.6% of the patients for an average of 22 months. The systolic indices at the thigh after iliac PTA and at the ankle after femoropopliteal PTA were significantly increased (p less than 0.01). At the femoropopliteal level, 74% of the patients were totally asymptomatic. There was one failure (3.8%); amputation at thigh level was carried out 12 months after the PTA. At the iliac level, improvement was observed in 91% of the patients and 70% became asymptomatic. The overall success rate (clinical patency and improvement) was 92% +/- 0.09%, based on the life-table method.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Arterial thrombosis in Behcet's disease. Report on three cases].

Three patients with Behcet's disease developed arterial thromboses affecting the external iliac, middle superficial femoral, and radial arteries respectively. Arterial thrombosis occurs mainly in affected males, is predominant in the upper limbs, and usually appears several years after the onset of the disease: it is probably more frequent in the familial forms.

Adult↗