Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Chaigneau.
Apothecaries of Voltaire's family can be divided into two groups. Marceton Family: Claude Marceton, Hierosme and Pierre Testefolle, from Thouars. Arouet family: Jehan Arouet, Pierre Rochard and Jean Gougeard. Five of those apothecaries beand arms.
His grandfather and his father were chemists in Macon. It was then natural for him to adopt such profession. After his studies at the Superior School of Chemistry of Paris (Ecole superieure de pharmacie de Paris), he passed as a first class chemist on december the seventh 1887. His passion for mineralogy, displayed since his youngest years, leads him to frequent scientists specialized in the earth's science, amongst who is Ferdinand Fouque, from the College of France (College de France), whom he used to accompany in his travels through the world between 1888 - the year when he parted from his pharmacy - and 1902. This very year, the eight of may, the terrifying eruption of the montagne Pelee on the isle of la Martinique annihilated in few minutes the town and the port of Saint-Pierre, leaving only two survivors, He sejourned there a second time, in august 1902 after the second eruption. A. Lacroix explained, for the first time, phenomena he designated as nuees ardentes. His knowledge in volcanology and mineralogy made him an expert who has been solicitated to observe various volcanos through out the world. Amongst his principal writings are the treaty of mineralogy (5 vol.), the 2 volumes of his conclusions about his observations of the montagne Pelee and one about the Piton de la Fournaise, to which must be added more than 650 notes and communications. Great officer of the Legion d'Honneur, the chemist Alfred Lacroix, professor at the Museum of natural history since the first of april 1893, carried on the function of perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences during 34 years.
Albert-Jean-Louis Brun (1851-1929), was chemist of the University of Bern (Switzerland) and "licencié ès sciences" of the University of Sorbonne (France). In Paris he was a faithful follower of Charles Friedel. In Coutance (Genève), where he was working in his own chemistry, he realised all his researchs. After a trip to Stromboli in 1901, he studied the volcanic phenomena as a chemist, as a mineralogist and as a geophysicist. His researchs brought him till the mediterranean volcanos--Vesuve, Etna, Santorin--, till Java and Krakatoa, then Canarian islands, and the lava lake of Kilauea, etc. The results of his works are collected in a big book called "Recherches sur l'exhalaison volcanique": he presents a theory which was the subject of a polemic with the professor Henri Gautier of the professor Henri Gautier of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris.
Tingry spent his entire professional and scientific career in Geneva, after completing his pharmacy studies in Paris. An important part of his writings, unpublished and conserved in Geneva, concerns plant chemistry. His work was principally devoted to the composition and varied parts of the flower Lilium album. Although he is classified as a minerologist and inorganic chemist, it is fitting to think of him also as a botanist and innovative talent in pharmacognosis.
After the disinfection by ethylene oxide and storage by ethylene oxide in definite conditions of 16 spices (parsley, chervil, tarragone, chive, thyme, rosemary, coriander, nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, allspices, clove, pepper), the authors observed the fast loss of residual ethylene oxide and ethyleneglycol. On the contrary, the persistence of 2-chloroethanol was followed up for 6 months. They turn their attention to the toxicity of this compound to ensure the protection of customers.
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This is made without using hydrofluoric acid. The dissolution of silicas is carried out by ammonium fluoride in aqueous solution with potassium chloride. The potassium fluosilicate obtained is then isolated; its mass corresponds to 3,666 x SiO2. The values obtained corroborate the validity of this method.
The determination of carbon dioxide in carbonato-apatites is carried out a new gasometric method. Its application, in this paper, concerns the bones of skull and mandibles of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea borealis) and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The results lead to appreciable differences between some organs of this two species.
The mutagenic activity of the condensates from oxydative pyrolysis of various polyamides at 500, 800 and 1,000 degrees C has been searched for by AMES preincubation test in strains TA 98 and TA 100 with or without metabolic activation by an Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver microsomal S9mix fraction. All condensates are mutagenic in the presence of this fraction and most of them are far less or not mutagenic in the absence of S9mix. Strain TA 98 is more sensitive than strain TA 100 for detecting the mutagenic activity of these condensates. So, they mainly contain indirect mutagenic substances responsible for frameshift mutation. In all cases, mutagenic activity is maximum at 800 degrees C. This observation should draw the attention upon the genotoxic (carcinogenic) long term risk induced by thermal decomposition of plastics and then upon the necessary protection of firemen and others in charge of domestic or hospital solid waste incineration.
Concerning combinaisons of ethylene oxide with any gums. The combinaisons of ethylene oxide are determined with any gums: tragacanthe, arabic, ceratonia, guar and sterculia. Among the stable compounds obtained with the gums sterculia, the author make mention of chloro-2 éthanol and ethyleneglycol.
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On combinations of borotungstic acid with nitrogenous compounds. Under definite conditions, these combinations are borotungstates of quinine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, brucine, strychnine, morphine, sparteine, pilocarpine, nicotine, stovaine, procaine, choline and acetylcholine. Their composition is probably variable according to the pH (ex.: procaïne).
The mutagenic potencies of 13 bromoethyl esters of natural organic acids, have been studied, by Ames's test (strains TA 98 and TA 100, with and without system of metabolisation, S9 mix). None of the 8 bromoethyl esters of linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic, lauric, myristic, cinnamic and fumaric acids is genotoxic. On the other hand the 5 others derived from gallic, oxalic, tartric acids (strain TA 100 with and without S9 mix), malic and citric acids (strain TA 100 with S9 mix) are mutagenic, the ester of gallic acid giving still a doubtful mutagenic response; their mutagenic potencies are 2 to 3 times smaller than that of bromo-2 ethanol. This observation, complemently with the mutagenicity of some organic esters of the chloro-2 ethanol, proves the potential danger of ethylene oxide used for the fumigation of foods or vegetables and medicinal plants containing much chloride and/or bromide.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.