PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Chatel

Publications and source records attributed to M Chatel.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Progressive myoclonic encephalopathy in dialysis patients: presence of high concentrations of aluminium in the lysosomes of the cerebral cells (author's transl)].

Sampling of brain tissue of two patients who died of dialysis encephalopathy syndrome have been studied using a combined electron microscope-electron microprobe x-ray analyzer. X-ray microanalysis showed that aluminium is present in high concentration in lysosomes of brain cells. This concentration is approximately one thousand-fold that which is normally measured in the grey matter. In these lysosomes, aluminium is present in needle like microcrystalline form of 0.006 micron diameter and 0.08 micron long on the average; in these crystals, aluminium is associated with phosphorus in a ratio of one atom of aluminium per atom of phosphorus. Similar lesions have been observed in the rat after intraperitoneal injections of water-soluble aluminium salts.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Progressive myoclonic encephalopathy in dialysis patients. The role of the water used for haemodialysis (author's transl)].

The observation in 14 dialysis patients of an encephalopathy associating myoclonia, dysarthria, generalised seizures in some cases, worsening over a few months, led to an aetiological inquiry based upon comparative study of patients with or without encephalopathy treated in the same centre or at home, and controls. Higher levels of aluminium were found in the frontal cortex grey matter of encephalopathy patients as compared to the control group. The same applies to manganese in the white matter. Copper, zinc and iron contents were not different. Aluminium levels in blood, dialysis bath and tap water supply were higher in center dialysis than in home dialysis. Blood aluminium levels at the end of hemodialysis were correlated with bath aluminium levels. The ingestion of alumine gels was not greater in the encephalopathy patients than in other hemodialysis patients; its estimation, in each case, was not related to the blood aluminium levels at the begining of hemodialysis. These finding indicate the need of a routine measure of metal content - mainly aluminium and manganese - in tap water used for dialysis, in order to treat this water if necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Progressive myoclonic encephalopathy in dialysis patients. Clinical, electroencephalographic and neuropathological study. Pathogenetic discussion].

Clinical and Neuropathological data on sixteen cases of progressive myoclonic encephalopathy are reported. This neurological syndrome appears after an average duration of thirty two months of haemodialysis and leads to death in four and a half months, and is characterized by myoclonus, speech disorder, epileptic seizures, and mental-status changes. At first, clinical signs and symptoms are related to haemodialysis, later they become permanent. An early diagnosis is based on EEG which is the only useful laboratory test, demonstrating bisynchronous slow-wave bursts. The caracteristic histopathologic findings are neuronal depopulation, lipofuscin accumulation, and appearance of Neurofibrillary degeneration, especially in Motor cortex, red nucleus and dentato-olivary systems. It seems to be justified to attribute P.M.D.E. to aluminium chronic poisonning; the source of the aluminium intoxication is not aluminium containing phosphate-binding gels but intravenously administreted tape-water. The intracellular binding of aluminium is shown from a histochemical study employing fluorescent stain Morin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A case of bilateral lesions in the temporal convexity: attempt to define symptoms].

The case is reported of a boy aged 15 who suffered a bilateral lesion of the temporal convexity after a brain traumatism; he died 5 years later and the symptoms during that period are described. The clinical picture is adequately described neither under the title of dementia, nor under that of aphasia. The concept of an abolition involving the systems of cultural mediation (linguistic, technical) is introduced. The status of echolalia and echo-praxia is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Development of the isocortex of the human brain during the embryonic and fetal periods up to the 24th week of gestation].

From 98 specimens (Pr YAKOVLEV's Collection) we have been able to define the cytoarchitectonic criteria of the different stages of the development of the human Isocortex, and to stress some important features of the organogenesis of the human brain. Most of those findings are in agreement with G.I. POLIAKOV's publications on the cerebral development. Schematically it is possible to individualise three periods made of several stages: - The first one, from the 4th to the 6th week of Gestation during which the primitive neural epithelium, with its four layers (layers of His), is built up. - The second period, from the 7th to the 14th week, includes the two main tides of neuronal migration, separated by a period of recession. So, 4 cytoarchitectonic types of cortical plate may be described: type A. B. C. and D. - Thr third period is that of the stratification of the homogeneous Cortical Plate of type D, leading it through the patterns E I, II, III, IV to the stage of a six-layered Isocortex (24w). Beside this analytical description of the stages of development, the cytoarchitectonic criteria are able to give an ontogenetic evidence of the fundamental difference, already established by P. I. YAKOVLEV on neuropathological and neuroanatomical grounds, between the frontal, epipyriform Isocortex, and the caudal, epihippocampal Isocortex. During each of the stages described above, it is possible indeed to analyse specific features of one or the other part of the hemispheric wall and to determine a borderline between these two parts. Furthermore the temporal sequence of the events occurring inside the Isocortical Plate is slightly different in both parts, increasing the cytoarchitectonic contrast between them. In summary, such a study gives not only a precise definition of the ontogenetic stages of development of the Isocortex but also a better understanding of the organogenesis of the human brain, and by this way, it may be helpful in the analysis of the malformations of the Nervous System.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1975

[Mucoid pseudo-cysts of the sheath of the external popliteal sciatic nerve. Apropos of 2 cases].

Two cases of paralysis of the etxernal popliteal sciatic nerve are described. They are secondary to the development of a pseudo-cyst containing mucoid matter within the connective tissue sheath of the nerve itself. The authors describe the pathological anatomy of these lesions and discuss their aetiology, favouring the theory of mucoid degeneration of the connective tissues of the nerve sheath. They give brief indication of the clinical symptoms and emphasize the need for early but simplified surgery, ruling out any nerve resection.

Adolescent↗