Samples from 39 patients with symptoms suggestive of early visceral leishmaniasis were independently assayed by microscopy of tissue smears, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood deoxyribonucleic acid. Of these patients, 19 were confirmed as positive or negative by all 3 tests; 11 patients (28%) negative by smear were positive by ELISA and PCR; and 7 (18%) were positive by PCR alone. These results demonstrate the high sensitivity of the non-invasive PCR and, to a smaller extent, ELISA, in the early diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Selenium mediated dose-inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene-induced transformation of mammary cells in organ culture.

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9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The mid-trimester placenta previa: a prospective follow-up.

One hundred and fifty-six mid-trimester sonograms were performed at our prenatal diagnostic unit. Twenty women were found to have a low-lying placenta or placenta previa and were followed by serial ultrasound examinations to observe changes in placental position. Eighty percent of women, i.e., 16/20, with a low-lying placenta had converted to normal implantation by the time of delivery. Most of the conversions had taken place at approx. 34 weeks of gestation. The patients with mid-trimester low-lying placenta had an increased risk of third-trimester bleeding, abruptio placentae and cesarean sections. The infants were also at risk of premature delivery. Patients with mid-trimester low-lying or placenta previa should be followed by ultrasound to monitor delivery.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in tissue levels of glutathione, extent of lipid peroxidation, and activity of glutathione peroxidase in transplantable murine lymphoma.

The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the hepatic tissues, extent of lipid peroxidation in the liver, kidney and brain, and alterations in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the hepatic tissues were monitored in mice bearing a transplantable ascitic lymphoma. These markers showed substantial alterations during the height of tumour progression when compared to controls. The GSH level, extent of lipid peroxidation, and GPX activity increased sharply after approximately 2 weeks following inoculation of ascitic cells. This was followed by a steady decline in all markers and death occurred around day 32 after inoculation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vanadium: a modifier of drug-metabolizing enzyme patterns and its critical role in cellular proliferation in transplantable murine lymphoma.

Vanadium, as ammonium monovanadate, has been found to stimulate tumour cell proliferation in mice bearing a transplantable ascitic lymphoma. Markers including microsomal cytochrome P-450, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase showed substantial alterations in a dose-responsive manner with vanadium administration when compared to the controls. Stimulation of tumour progression is also reflected by increased tumour cell count and decreased survival of the host.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial production of L-lysine: a review.

Microbial production of L-lysine has been reviewed with 251 references. The review includes different lysine producing microorganisms, their optimum cultural conditions, yield, assay and process of product recovery. It includes a discussion on the pathway of aspartate family of amino acid's biosynthesis in bacteria and its regulation. Achievements in this regard made through genetic engineering have also been included.

Bacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Women's struggle against poverty: the SEWA story.

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Asia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Does pentoxifylline find a place in the armementarium of leprologists in type II reaction?

Alternative therapeutic interventions in Type II lepra reaction are being considered following serious problems associated with the use of steroids and thalidomide. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been used in Type II reaction with varying degrees of success. The results of a study on the use of this drug in a dose of 1200 mg per day for a period of 2 months in patients with ENL reaction are discussed. Five patients, one of whom was HIV positive--all with severe Type II reaction, were regularly evaluated for regression of inflammatory symptoms and clinical involution of ENL lesions while on PTX therapy and thereafter. It was found that PTX led to a total elimination of systemic symptoms within a week. ENL lesions regressed in two weeks. However, in one patient, lesions recurred after one month of therapy. It appears that PTX is well tolerated and could be used as an additional drug in the armamentarium of leprologists in the management of Type II reaction, especially in HIV co-infection, where long-term steroids are contraindicated. However, further studies to compare the effects of PTX with currently, widely used drugs for the treatment of ENL reaction are necessary.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of hepatic protein synthesis in response to Mikania cordata root extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

The effect of Mikania Cordata root extract was evaluated on the rate of hepatic protein synthesis in vivo in CCl4-induced liver damage. Pretreatment with the root extract (100 mg/kg, once daily for successive 5 days) showed a marked enhancement in the levels of hepatic DNA, RNA and protein content that were adversely affected with CCl4 treatment in the experimental mice. Increase in the total protein mass, fractional rate of protein synthesis (% of protein synthesized/day), total rate of protein synthesis (fractional rate x protein mass), ribosomal capacity (RNA/protein), ribosomal efficiency (rate/ribosome) and high turnover rate of protein (protein/DNA) in response to the pretreatment of the root extract in hepatic tissue indicated the tissue repair leading to a functional improvement of the hepatocytes that were disorganised with CCl4 intoxication.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-inflammatory effect of human placental extract: a biochemical mechanistic approach.

Significant increase of liver succinic dehydrogenase (SHD) activity was produced by carrageenin-induced edema in rats. Pretreatment with human placental extract "Placentrex" inhibited the increased liver SHD activity in a dose-dependent manner. "Placentrex" was found to have no effect on the liver SHD activity in normal rats. Furthermore, heat-induced erythrocyte lysis was inhibited to a substantial extent by "Placentrex" and was found to be almost dose-responsive. However, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and trypsin activity were not changed in vitro by the "Placentrex". No alkaline phosphatase activity was found in this preparation. All these studies indicate that the membrane stabilization and depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis may be the basis of anti-inflammatory effect of this drug.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Career aspirations of dental students in a dental college in Calcutta, India.

Career aspirations of dental students at Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Calcutta have been studied through a survey by questionnaire among 215 undergraduate dental students. The response rate was 78.6%. Private practice and clinical jobs were the commonest choices. Academic research jobs formed a very low priority area for career persual. Trends in junior through senior classes show low research interests in the senior as compared to the junior classes. More females preferred clinical jobs with private practice the second most common choice.

Adult↗