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Biomedical subjects

M Chaudhary

Publications and source records attributed to M Chaudhary.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Peyronie's disease with erectile dysfunction: penile modeling over inflatable penile prostheses.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, retrospectively, the impact of penile correction by modeling of the penis over an inflatable penile prosthesis and the subsequent improvement in erectile function. Advanced Peyronie's disease with severe penile curvature and poor quality erections presents a challenge to the urologist. METHODS: In our series, 46 patients with advanced Peyronie's disease and associated erectile dysfunction underwent insertion of an inflatable penile prosthesis between 1998 and 2003. Of the 46 patients, 28 (61%) underwent a standard modeling procedure; the other 18 patients (39%) did not need additional modeling, because their curvature was corrected by inflation of the prosthesis alone. Patients were evaluated postoperatively in the clinic, as well as by a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 46 patients, 44 were satisfied with the penile correction and 2 (4.4%) underwent removal of their prosthesis because of infection. These 2 patients underwent revision surgery; subsequently both prostheses had to be removed, one for severe pain and the other for urethral erosion. None of the patients underwent reoperation for additional straightening. Of the 44 patients with intact prostheses, erectile function significantly improved in 41 (93%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have indicated that patients with severe Peyronie's disease and erectile dysfunction should be offered the choice of penile modeling over an inflatable penile implant to correct the curvature, as well as improve erectile function.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Starvation, leptin and epithelial cell proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Leptin, the ob/ob gene product, is a recently discovered peptide hormone, secreted by adipocytes, which can act as a satiety factor to regulate food intake. Its levels thus will be related to the presence of food in the lumen of the gut, and food intake is one of the most potent stimuli for intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Leptin has a variety of other actions and the aim of this study was to see if one of these was to stimulate mucosal growth. METHODS: Three groups of mice were fed ad libitum, starved for 48 h or starved for 48 h and given twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant leptin (1 microg/g). RESULTS: Starvation led to a 20% decrease in body weight and a similar decrease in the weights of the intestines. Starvation also markedly inhibited intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Leptin had little effect on the small intestine and did not stimulate proliferation. However, in the hind gut it was associated with small but significant decreases in caecal weight, distal colon mitotic counts (p = 0.036) and in colonic crypt area (approximately 20%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Leptin did not stimulate intestinal cell proliferation, however it did have a paradoxical inhibitory action on the caecum and colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Vaginitis in non pregnant women in Haryana.

Study was carried out in 100 patients of non-specific vaginitis (NSV) to find out the incidence of vaginitis due to G. vaginalis. Out of a total of 100 subjects 20 were positive for G. vaginalis as compared to only 6 in equal number of normal matched controls. One positive specimen showed concomitant presence of C. albicans and E. coli was found in another positive specimen. Presence of amines and clue cells in the discharge did not correlate with the isolation rate of G. vaginalis, thus emphasizing the necessity of culture to diagnose NSV due to G. vaginalis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Anticonvulsant and antiproteolytic properties of 2,5-disubstituted oxadiazoles and their inhibition of respiration in rat brain homogenates.

Eight 2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-5-arylamino1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized, characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra, and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. The protection afforded by oxadiazoles (100 mg/kg ip) against pentylenetetrazol (90 mg/kg sc)-induced convulsions ranged from 50 to 80%. All oxadiazoles inhibited the respiratory activity of rat brain homogenates during oxidation of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and succinate. The presence of added nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to the reaction mixture during oxidation of pyruvate decreased the degree of inhibition. All oxadiazoles possessed antiproteolytic activity that was reflected by their ability to decrease trypsin-induced hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin. Such an inhibition was concentration dependent and ranged from 10.2 to 47.5 and from 15.7 to 71.8% by 0.5 and 1 mM oxadiazoles, respectively. All oxadiazoles competitively inhibited in vitro succinate dehydrogenase activity of rat brain homogenates.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Anticonvulsant and antiproteolytic properties of 3,5-disubstituted oxadiazole-2-thiones and their inhibition of respiration in rat brain homogenates.

Eight 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-arylaminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiones were synthesized, characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra, and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. All substituted oxadiazole-2-thiones possessed anticonvulsant activity, which was reflected by their ability to provide 10--70% protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice at 100 mg/kg ip. These compounds inhibited in vitro nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and NADH by rat brain homogenates as well as NAD-independent oxidation of succinate by rat brain homogenates. Antiproteolytic activity of these substituted oxadiazole-2-thiones was reflected by their ability to inhibit trypsin hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin. These results indicated that the inhibition of cellular respiration and antiproteolytic activity of these substituted oxadiazole-2-thiones is not the biochemical basis for their anticonvulsant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Anticonvulsant activity and selective inhibition of NAD-dependent oxidations by 1,4-disubstituted piperazines.

Several 1-(1-aryl-3-ethylthiocarbamido)-4-(arylaminothiocarbonyl)piperazines were synthesized, characterized by their sharp melting points and elemental analyses and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. All disubstituted piperazines at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. provided 10-90% protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. These disubstituted piperazines selectively inhibited the in vitro oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and NADH by rat brain homogenates. The NAD-independent oxidation of succinate remained unaltered. The anticonvulsant activity possessed by disubstituted piperazines was unrelated with their ability to selectively inhibit respiratory activity of rat brain homogenates. Amongst 1-(substituted benzyl)-4-(substituted benzoyl)piperazines exhibiting central nervous system (1, 2) depressant activity it was found that 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4-(2-chlorobenzoyl)piperazine possessed maximum activity (2). The ability of piperazine carbamides (3) and piperazinothiocarbamides to possess anticonvulsant activity (4) prompted synthesis of 1-(1-aryl-3-ethylthiocarbamido)-4-(arylaminothiocarbonyl)piperazines and evaluation of their anticonvulsant activity. The effects of these disubstituted piperazines were also investigated on the in vitro respiratory activity of rat brain homogenates in an attempt to elucidate the biochemical mechanism of action for their anticonvulsant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

CNS depressant activity of pyrimidylthiazolidones and their selective inhibition of NAD-dependent pyruvate oxidation.

Several 1-aryl-3-(2-pyrimidyl)thiocarbamides and their corresponding cyclized 2-arylimino-3-(2-pyrimidyl)thiazolid-4-ones were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points and elemental analyses. These thiocarbamides and thiazolidones possessed anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions and potentiated pentobarbital-induced hypnosis in mice. Most of these thiocarbamides and thiazolidones selectively inhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of pyruvate, where the use of added NAD dether hand, remained unaltered. The anticonvulsant activity of thiocarbamides and thiazolidones was unrelated to their ability to inhibit the respiratory activity of rat brain homogenates during oxidation of sodium pyruvate. Cyclization of thiocarbamides to the corresponding thiazolidones in general enhanced their CNS depressant and enzyme inhibitory effectiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Anticonvulsant activity and inhibition of cellular respiratory activity by substituted imidazolocarbamides.

Several 1-(1-aryl-2-mercaptoacetylimidazole)-3-alkylcarbamides were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra. These substituted imidazolocarbamides possessed anticonvulsant activity, which was reflected by the 20-80% protection observed with these compounds against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. These substituted imidazolocarbamides selectively inhibited the in vitro oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidations of pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and NADH by rat brain homogenates. However, NAD-independent oxidation of succinate was not affected. The anticonvulsant activity possessed by 1-(1-aryl-2-mercaptoacetylimidazole)-3-alkylcarbamides had no relationship to their ability to inhibit cellular respiratory activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of accuracy of an electric device (Neosono D-SE) for the measurement of tooth length.

The study was conducted on 92 root canals selected from teeth advised for extraction to evaluate the efficacy of an electronic device (NEOSONO D-SE), Ingles method and Digital Tactile method for the measurement of working length of tooth. In 30% of anterior teeth and 30% of posterior teeth the electronic device was able to locate exact position of apical constriction of tooth, as measured after the extraction of the tooth. In 37% of anterior teeth and 13% of posterior teeth, the apical constriction was located exactly when digital tactile method was used. When Ingle's method for determining the working length was used it was successful in 30% of anterior teeth and 42% of posterior teeth. The study was also conducted to know the distance between apex of the tooth to apical foramen and distance between apical foramen and apical constriction. The findings of the study showed that the average distance between apex and apical foramen was 0.215mm and 0.289 mm in anterior and posterior teeth respectively. Whereas the distance between apical foramen and apical constriction was 0.610 mm and 0.504 mm in anterior and posterior teeth respectively.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗