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Biomedical subjects

M Cheang

Publications and source records attributed to M Cheang.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

In utero exposure to diagnostic ultrasound: a 6-year follow-up.

A 6-year follow-up study of height and weight was conducted between 1975 and 1983 in a total of 149 sibling pairs of the same sex, one of whom had been exposed to diagnostic ultrasound in utero. The data were analyzed for the entire sample group, as well as for subgroups defined by sex, gestational age at delivery, birth order, and gestational age at time of first exposure to ultrasound. No statistically significant differences of head circumference at birth or of height and weight between birth and 6 years of age were found between ultrasound-exposed and unexposed siblings. In our sample population, exposure of fetuses to ultrasound did not significantly affect growth in childhood up to 6 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Status epilepticus in children.

We have prospectively reviewed the data on 52 children who presented with status epilepticus. Thirty-four (65%) of the 52 had not had seizures before. Children who were previously abnormal were more likely to present with partial status epilepticus or to have seizures greater than 60 minutes than those who were previously normal. The median age (24 months) of those who presented with status epilepticus was the same as that of children with seizures of shorter duration. The causes were equally distributed among the idiopathic, acute encephalopathic and chronic encephalopathic groups. Three children died and 13 (28%) were left with neurological sequelae. The outcome was favorable for those in the idiopathic category.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1987

Postpartum upper genital tract infections in Nairobi, Kenya: epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors.

We investigated the frequency of clinically defined upper genital tract infection (UGTI) and its relation to sexually transmitted diseases and other risk factors among 1,013 women initially studied while in labor at a Nairobi, Kenya maternity hospital. Women were enrolled during labor and followed up at seven days and one month postpartum. Cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were done at enrollment and at day 7. The prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections was 6.7% and 20.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of UGTI was 20.3%. The development of UGTI was significantly correlated with gonococcal infection (odds ratio, 4.4; P less than .0001), chlamydial infection (odds ratio, 1.7; P less than .02), presence of ophthalmia neonatorum (odds ratio, 2.6; P less than .0001), labor greater than 12 hr (odds ratio, 1.8; P less than .01), and area of residence (odds ratio, 1.5; P less than .05). Postpartum UGTI, an enormous public health problem in Nairobi, would be partially susceptible to antenatal intervention programs focusing on sexually transmitted diseases.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1986

Acute symptoms following exposure to grain dust in farming.

History of acute symptoms (cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, stuffy nose, and skin itching/rash) following exposure to grain dust was obtained from 661 male and 535 female current and former farmers. These symptoms were relatively common: 60% of male and 25% of female farmers reported at least one such symptom on exposure to grain dust. Association of cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and stuffy nose with skin reactivity and capacity to form IgE is consistent with an allergic nature of these symptoms. Barley and oats dust were perceived as dust most often producing symptoms. On the other hand, grain fever showed a different pattern, i.e., it was not associated with either skin reactivity or total IgE. Smoking might modify the susceptibility to react to grain dust with symptoms. Only those who reported wheezing on exposure to grain dust may have an increased risk to develop chronic airflow obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Absenteeism among hospital staff during an influenza epidemic: implications for immunoprophylaxis.

The 1980-81 epidemic of influenza A/Bangkok 79 was responsible for increased absenteeism (1.7 times the rate for the corresponding period of the subsequent nonepidemic year) among selected hospital staff in Winnipeg's Health Sciences Centre. Retrospective study of employment records for 25 of the centre's largest departments showed excess sick-leave costs of about $24 500 during the 2-week period of peak absenteeism that included the epidemic. Although the centre was sampling prospectively for the virus the first positive results became available too late for chemoprophylactic measures to have been effective. The greater increase in absenteeism among nursing staff caring for patients with chronic respiratory disease and nurses working on general medical or pediatric acute infection/isolation wards suggested that these groups be targeted for influenza vaccination in hospitals.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1980

A simplified intrapartum numerical scoring system. The prediction of high risk in labor.

An analysis of 1,994 consecutive parturient women showed that 472 (23%) could be assigned to a high-risk category on the basis of an intrapartum score of greater than or equal to 3. Perinatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, and the rate for operative intervention were all significantly greater for the high-risk group (p < 0.0001). Of the total population, 11% were designated to be at high risk by combining intrapartum and antepartum scores, and 71% of this group had an abnormal intrapartum outcome (p < 0.0001). For this study, 63% of the patients with an abnormal outcome for labor were admitted to the labor floor for 6 hours or longer, and this is an indirect measurement of the potential that exists for optional management. The limitations of intrapartum scoring systems are discussed, particularly with respect to their design, the prediction of preventable deaths, and the category of hospital for which they might prove most useful.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal and neonatal neutralizing antibody titers to selected enteroviruses.

Neutralizing antibody titers were determined at term for 98 matched mothers' serum and neonatal cord blood pairs, to coxsackieviruses B2, B3, B4 and B5 and to echovirus 11. The reciprocal of the geometric mean titers of maternal sera were, respectively, 15.3, 18.1, 53.5, 14.1 and 11.4. The geometric mean titers of cord sera were statistically lower for coxsackie B5 and echovirus 11 (P less than 0.031 and p less than 0.005, respectively) than those in maternal sera. The percentage of neonates born with antibody titers less than 1:10 to coxsackieviruses B2, B3, B4 and B5 and echovirus 11 ere 49, 37, 17, 53 and 69%. Thus a large percentage of neonates in our community are born with low titers of enterovirus-neutralizing antibody, which for some infants may be disproportionately lower than maternal titers to selected enteroviruses. Commercially available immune serum globulin contains high titers of antibody to these enteroviruses and may be a useful means of passive antibody acquisition in susceptible neonates at risk for enterovirus infections. However, a single dose of immune serum globulin intramuscularly produced little change in circulating neutralizing antibodies to coxsackie B4 and echovirus 11 in seven neonates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlamydia trachomatis, infertility, and population growth in sub-Saharan Africa.

In sub-Saharan Africa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are common infections. These pathogens are also the major causes of post-salpingitis tubal infertility, and infertility is a frequent problem in this region. A mathematical model, recently devised to estimate the effect of gonococcal infection on population growth, was used to estimate the potential effect of chlamydial infection on population growth. The model predictions for chlamydial infection were compared with those previously reported for gonococcal infection. The model predicts that both infections may be exerting severe effects on population growth at realistic prevalence rates of infection. The model also predicts that N. gonorrhoeae produces a steeper reduction in population growth than does C. trachomatis because its transmission dynamics result in a higher force of infection (incidence rate) at any given prevalence of infection. Large scale changes in the epidemiology of these infections can be expected to occur in sub-Saharan Africa because of improved sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis and treatment services as a component of AIDS prevention. Changes in the epidemiology of gonococcal and chlamydial infection are predicted to result in accelerated population growth unless STD control programs are linked to effective contraception programs.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adverse effects of the salazopyrine metabolite sulphapyridine on female fertility in the rat.

Salazopyrine, a common therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, is known to have a reversible antifertility effect in men and male rats via its metabolite, sulphapyridine. To determine if there is an adverse effect in females, 20 mature Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a treatment (400 mg/kg sulphapyridine daily), or a control group. After three estrous cycles of treatment, the rats were bred to males of proven fertility. When killed at 10 days gestation, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of fertilized oocytes between control (112/174) and treatment (81/212) groups (chi-square = 26.16, d.f. = 1, P less than .00001). These findings suggest an adverse effect of sulphapyridine on female fertility.

Animals↗