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Biomedical subjects

M Cheour

Publications and source records attributed to M Cheour.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Palpebral capillary hemangioma and amblyopia. Apropos of 2 cases].

Periorbital capillary hemangiomas of childhood can produce visual axis occlusion and anisometropia, resulting in amblyopia. We report our experience performing surgical resection of periorbital capillary hemangiomas. Partial resection of hemangiomas was performed in two infants under five months of age, and permitted clearing of the visual axis. This immediate effect is necessary to prevent amblyopia. Surgical resection should be considered a treatment option for managing periorbital capillary hemangiomas which threaten vision.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1997

The first neurophysiological evidence for cognitive brain dysfunctions in children with CATCH.

CATCH syndrome, caused by a microdelection in chromosome 22, is characterized by cleft palate and cardiac anomalies. The majority of these children also have learning difficulties or speech and language deficits. These problems are often due to the dysmorphology of the articulatory system. In the present study, the duration of auditory sensory memory, which is of central importance to speech perception and understanding, was investigated. As a research method we used mismatch negativity (MMN), an attention independent event-related potential, which provides an objective electrical index of auditory sensory memory. The present data suggest that the duration of this memory span is considerably shorter in 6-10-year-old children with CATCH than in healthy controls. Thus, the language-related problems encountered in children suffering from CATCH syndrome are likely to be caused also by CNS dysfunctions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses.

There is considerable debate about whether the early processing of sounds depends on whether they form part of speech. Proponents of such speech specificity postulate the existence of language-dependent memory traces, which are activated in the processing of speech but not when equally complex, acoustic non-speech stimuli are processed. Here we report the existence of these traces in the human brain. We presented to Finnish subjects the Finnish phoneme prototype /e/ as the frequent stimulus, and other Finnish phoneme prototypes or a non-prototype (the Estonian prototype /õ/) as the infrequent stimulus. We found that the brain's automatic change-detection response, reflected electrically as the mismatch negativity (MMN), was enhanced when the infrequent, deviant stimulus was a prototype (the Finnish /ö/) relative to when it was a non-prototype (the Estonian /õ/). These phonemic traces, revealed by MMN, are language-specific, as /õ/ caused enhancement of MMN in Estonians. Whole-head magnetic recordings located the source of this native-language, phoneme-related response enhancement, and thus the language-specific memory traces, in the auditory cortex of the left hemisphere.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

[Cerebral hydatic cysts in children].

BACKGROUND: Brain cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus are rare; they occur during childhood in endemic areas. PATIENTS: Six children, aged to 8.5-years old (mean age: 5.5 years) were admitted from 1989 to 1994 because they suffered from progressive intracranial hypertension. The brain CT-scan showed typical features of supratentorial, unilocular (four cases) or multilocular (two cases) cysts. Three children had positive serological test; two had another cyst into their lung or liver and the third had generalized cysts. This last patient died post-operatively while the five others recovered after excision of cysts. CONCLUSION: Any progressive intracranial hypertension in endemic areas requires brain CT-scan that clearly identifies the cyst and its location.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1994

[CHARGE association].

BACKGROUND: The spectrum of CHARGE association includes coloboma, heart disease, choanal atresia, retarded growth and development and/or CNS anomalies, genital anomalies and/or hypogonadism and ear anomalies and/or deafness. CASE REPORT: A 4 1/2 month-old boy was admitted suffering from microphthalmia. His weight was 6 kg (-1 SD), height 60 cm (-2 SD) and his head circumference was 44 cm (+ 2 SD). He had hypotonia. Examination showed low-set ears, micrognathia, coloboma, left choanal atresia and genital hypoplasia. His heart was normal. CONCLUSION: The CHARGE association must be recognized early since it may be complicated by respiratory and feeding difficulties which can be lethal.

Choanal Atresia↗
PubMed1994

[Periostal effusion in hypernatremic dehydration with disseminated intravascular coagulation].

BACKGROUND: Several cases of hypernatremic dehydration complicated by consumption coagulopathy and peripheral gangrene have been reported. CASE REPORT: A 4.5 month-old boy was admitted suffering from acute gastroenteritis with cyanotic edema of the distal part of the left leg and foot. His serum sodium was 160 mEq/l, potassium 5.8 mEq/l and urea 27.6 mMol/l. His prothrombin level was 44%, fibrinogen 0.65 g/l and the number of platelets was 20,000/mm3. Blood cultures were negative. Ultrasonography showed a subperiostal effusion in the posterolateral part of the left tibia with edema of the adjacent soft tissues. Culture of the fluid was negative. The patient was rehydrated. Several phlyctenes appeared on the left foot; cultures of the exudate remained sterile. His condition gradually normalized within two weeks and ultrasonography performed at the 15th day was normal. CONCLUSION: The subperiostal effusion seen in our patient could have been due to microthrombosis of the metaphyseal vessels, following severe dehydration.

Dehydration↗
PubMed1993

[Problems posed by medico-psychiatric emergencies in Tunisia].

The writers are interested in the consequences resulting from dividing emergencies into medico-surgical and psychiatric emergencies which would concern the efficiency of first aid to the cases where ther's an interference between medical and psychiatric disorders. Three situations will be envisaged and commented upon according to examination medico-surgical emergencies with a psychiatric expression, medico-surgical emergencies of the mentally-ill patient and psychiatric emergencies with a medico-surgical expression. The authors conclude by showing the interest of simultaneously taking into account both the somatic and the psychiatric fields. This would implicate a larger collaboration between somatic physician and psychiatric physician.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Galactosialidosis with Kayser-Fleischer's ring].

The case of a 4 year-old boy presenting with dysmorphic facies, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, growth and psychomotor retardation is reported. Radiological pattern suggested a storage disease. Bone marrow differential cell count showed numerous storage cells with vacuolated lymphocytes. Enzymatic studies showed decreased beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase levels, leading to the diagnosis of galactosialidosis. This is the first Tunisian case reported, which differs from the other cases published by the presence of a Kayser-Fleischer ring.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speech sound representation in the brain.

Biologic processes underlying speech sound perception and learning have been addressed using the mismatch negativity (MMN) evoked response. First is a consideration of how the acoustic properties of the signal affect the neural mechanisms and brain regions engaged. Because the MMN differs depending on the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli used to elicit the response, it has been used to probe mechanisms underlying the neural representation of stimuli along the auditory pathway. Second is a consideration of neurophysiologic correlates of speech sound perception and learning. Detailed is a 'behavioral-neurophysiologic, acoustic-phonetic approach', used to link perception with underlying physiologic processes in humans. The focus here is on children and what has been learned about normal maturation of speech sound perception and its disruption in certain children with learning disorders. The last topic is a consideration of central nervous system changes with perceptual learning. This includes long-term experience with one's native language and short-term auditory training in the laboratory. Limitations and future challenges are discussed.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mismatch negativity and late discriminative negativity in investigating speech perception and learning in children and infants.

For decades, behavioral methods, such as the head-turning or sucking paradigms, have been the primary tools to investigate speech perception and learning of a language in infancy. Recently, however, new methods provided by event-related potentials have emerged. These are called mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discriminative negativity (LDN). MMN, the brain's automatic change-detection response in audition, has been intensively used in adults in both basic and clinical studies for longer than 20 years. LDN, on the other hand, was only recently discovered. There seem to be many differences between these two responses. MMN is developmentally quite stable and can be obtained even from preterm infants. LDN, however, can be obtained most reliably from young children, and its amplitude decreases as a function of age. New data suggest that both of these responses have a special role in language processing, although both of them can also be elicited by nonspeech stimuli.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of personality disorder on the course of manic-depressive illness].

In these past years, comorbidity of manic-depressive illness with personality disorders were the subject of many studies. In order to study the influence of personality disorder on the course of the disease, the authors have compared a group of manic depressive patients with personality disorders to an other group of manic depressive patients without personality disorders. The comparison between the outcome and prognosis of each group has leaded to the conclusion that manic depressive patients with personality disorders evaluate worse than those without personality disorders: they are more often hospitalized and have more suicide attempts, they are more vulnerable to stress factors and finally they have low scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF).

Adolescent↗