Isolation and classification of fifteen strains of saprophytic leptospires isolated from surface water in France and other countries.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Cinco.
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Sixteen strains of leptospires were isolated from surface water (14 in England and 2 in Italy) and were classified. They were all saprophytic, and nine of them belonged to known serovars: the others were found to represent new serovars within already known serogroups.
Extracts from supernatants, obtained from culture of virulent strain PB-3 and saprophytic strain Isola Sacra 1, were assayed for cytotoxicity. A cytotoxic factor produced by the pathogenic strain was found to affect specifically the tested cells, at determined concentrations; on the other side a not clear and scarce cytotoxicity was shown for the extract from the saprophytic strain Isola Sacra 1. Cytotoxic factor produced by strain PB-3 was heat resistant and trypsin sensitive, suggesting to be a thermostable protein. An inhibitory doses it induced a typical, cytopathic effect on the treated cells.
Thirteen R plasmids derived from strains of E Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical material have been characterized. They belonged to many incompatibility groups and differ widely respecting other phenotypic characteristics, even if they come from bacteria isolated from a small geographic area.
A new strain of Leptospira, isolated from surface water in India, is studied and classified. It shows, in the biological tests, a behaviour like that of saprophytic leptospirae; further serovar it represents a new serovar which we named poona.
The agglutinating antibodies formed after immunization of rabbits with viable leptospira consist of 19S and 7S immunoglobulins. IgM and IgG are formed already earlier in the course of immunization. after a lapse of one month more IgG is found than IgM. The specificity of agglutination with the main antigenic factors is due mainly to IgG.
Factor analysis is performed on serovars of Botanica and Aurisina serogroup of Leptospira biflexa. The results show the arrangement of main factors serovar and serogroup specific, as well as the antigens common with serovars of heterologous serogroups.
Factor analysis is performed on serotypes of Basovizza serogroup of "Leptospira biflexa". The results show the arrangement of main factors typical for the members of this serogroup as well as the antigens common with serotypes of the heterologous serogroup. The existence of a main haptene-like factor is also hypothesized.
Oxamicetin was tested against 12 strains of parasitic leptospira each representing a different serotype and serogroup, and 8 saprophytic strains in liquid media. The results showed general susceptibility of parasitic leptospira being MIC's from 0.1 to 0.5 mug/ml. The MIC's against saprophytic strains were 10 similar to 40 mug/ml.
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Cultural studies were carried out on halophilic Leptospirae to find a medium permitting their optimal growth and being easily reproducible. Tween 80 albumin medium enriched with artificial sea water shows these characteristics.
Four strains of leptospirae were isolated from the sea and studied from a serological and metabolic point of view. These strains did not differ from saprophytic leptospirae except for their Na+ dependence.
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Leptospira interrogans, serovar copenhageni was extracted by the phenol-water method and the resulting preparation examined for chemical composition and endotoxic activity. Chemical analysis revealed that a number of sugars were present, however, the amount of lipid content was very low. Further, the preparation was devoid of characteristic endotoxic properties, like lethal toxicity, pyrogenicity and the property to induce the local Shwartzman reaction. The extract, however, was active in the limulus lysate gelation test and in the induction of monocyte activation. It is concluded that the leptospira preparation is devoid of endotoxin properties, both from the chemical and from the biological point of view.