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Biomedical subjects

M Clancy

Publications and source records attributed to M Clancy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A long-term retrospective study of proximal hamstring release for hamstring contracture in cerebral palsy.

Proximal hamstring release was used exclusively for hamstring contracture in patients with spastic cerebral palsy. Average follow-up was 9 years 5 months. Thirty-two of 78 patients were examined retrospectively. Straight leg raising increased from 30 to 68 degrees. Knee flexion contracture decreased from 16 to 9 degrees. Knee flexion contractures of greater than 10 degrees were not permanently corrected. Only four of 64 knees were in mild (5-10 degrees) recurvatum at follow-up. Lumbar lordosis averaged 53 degrees at follow-up, and hip flexion contracture release apparently had little effect on lumbar lordosis. Proximal hamstring release can be used by this described technique without severe lumbar lordosis or devastating genu recurvatum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Three hundred fifty-three previously reported cases of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva were reviewed and six new cases were analyzed radiologically. Characteristic findings of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva were confirmed and radiographic signs of the disease were demonstrated, including medial cortical thickening of the proximal tibia, narrow lumbar spinal canal, accessory epiphysis of the second phalanx of the fifth finger, and decreased humeral/epicondylar angle.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1981

Genetic and biochemical requirements for chemotaxis to L-proline in Escherichia coli.

Chemotaxis to L-proline was examined by the capillary assay, using a set of Escherichia coli strains bearing well-defined defects in the enzymes of proline transport and utilization. Aspartate taxis was measured as a constitutive, control activity whose receptor and transducer requirements are known. Proline chemotaxis showed a pattern of induction more analogous to that of proline dehydrogenase than of that of proline transport, but chemotaxis to proline was eliminated by mutations eliminating either or both of these activities. No response to proline was observed in the absence of a proline concentration gradient or when succinate was provided as an oxidizable carbon source. These data suggest that the chemotactic response to proline results from a direct impact of proline oxidation on the energy metabolism of the cell.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Influence of caloric density on energy intake by dairy cows.

Twenty-four Holstein cows were fed mixed diets of alfalfa hay and concentrate in a series of periods to determine the relationship between caloric density (mcal digestible energy/liter) of the diet and energy intake. Five diets with caloric densities of .58, .63, .68, .84, and 1.17 (as-fed form) were used. Steers were fed the diets in digestion trials to determine maintenance digestibility. Intake of digestible energy was adjusted for intake. Means of digestible energy intakes (kcal/day per kg. 75) were: 291.7, 324.0, 370.0, 371.4, and 369.1 for diets with caloric densities of .58, .63, .68, .68, .84, and 1.17. Physical fill was limiting for the two most dilute diets. The diet with caloric density of .68 represented the point above which physiological regulation was employed by the animals. The relationship between digestible energy intake (kcal/day per kg-75) body weight (Y) and caloric density (mcal/liter dry matter, as fed form) (X) was Y = 759.2X-148.4, simple correlation .99, for diets with caloric densities of .58, .63, and .68. Potential uses of this relationship in maximizing forage utilization and formulating diets to meet specific energy requirements are cited.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transplantation of metanephroi to sites within the abdominal cavity.

A novel approach to circumventing the shortage in transplantable donor organs is the use of embryonic primordia that develop inside the host. Previously published work has shown that transplantation of rat fetal kidney primordia (metanephroi) onto the omentum of adult rat hosts results in growth and development of the metanephroi into functioning kidney units capable of providing a measurable renal function. However, for anatomical and physiological reasons the omentum may not provide the ideal site for transplantation and may limit the maximum renal function that the transplants can achieve. We postulate that it may be possible to increase the renal function of the transplants by transplantation to sites with increased blood flow. To test this we transplanted rat embryonic day 15 metanephroi into the retroperitoneal fat adjacent to major blood vessels in the peritoneum of unilaterally nephrectomized rats; 21 days later the transplants were examined and suitable transplants connected to the host urinary system. Approximately 130 days later the glomerular filtration rate of the connected transplants was analyzed. Our results show that transplantation of metanephroi to the regions highlighted in this study results in an increased presence of urinary cysts, suggesting increased early renal function in the transplants compared to metanephroi transplanted onto the omentum, but most importantly we show that we can increase the renal function of the transplants to a level comparable with other renal therapies such as dialysis. This work suggests life-sustaining renal function could be achieved through transplantation of renal primordia.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preservation of embryonic kidneys for transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Long-term storage of embryonic kidneys is crucial for the organization of transplantation and organ banking. In this study, we investigated the effects of controlled-rate freezing and ice-free vitrification on metanephroi (MN) viability. METHODS: Metanephroi isolated from 15-day (E15) timed pregnant Lewis rats were either: (i) frozen, using a DMSO/FCS/RPMI solution and a controlled freezing rate of -0.3 degrees C/min, from -10 degrees to -40 degrees C; or (ii) cryopreserved in an ice-free state by rapid cooling to -100 degrees C in cryoprotectant (VS55), followed by vitrification to -120 degrees C. After cryopreservation, the metanephroi were stored at -135 degrees C for 48 hours. After storage the MN were rewarmed, resuspended in culture media, and their viability was assessed using the AlamarBlue assay and histology (light microscopy, TEM, and cryosubstitution). RESULTS: There was statistically no difference in embryonic kidney metabolic activity of either of the cryopreserved MN groups relative to the control untreated group. However, cryosubstitution demonstrated the presence of significant ice formation during controlled-rate freezing, yet in contrast the amount of ice was significantly reduced by vitrification. This was confirmed by TEM, where vacuolation of the cytoplasm of controlled-rate frozen metanephroi was observed, whereas vitrified metanephroi had little cytoplasmic disruption. However, vitrified metanephroi showed mitochondrial and nuclear injury at the cellular level. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for long-term storage of organs to make MN transplantation a reality. This study demonstrates that standard freezing methods are unsuitable for this purpose. Vitrification yielded more promising results, but further development is required.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Justifications for ratings of old and young job applicants: an exploratory content analysis.

This study explored the content of 324 managers' written statements justifying their ratings of a hypothetical older or younger job applicant's interpersonal skills, economic worth, and likelihood of being interviewed for an upper level clerical position. Age-related concerns were more often elicited in rating the older applicant than the younger applicant, and importantly, most of these concerns were related to economic issues. Implications for these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A geometric method of calculating tendo Achillis lengthening.

Twenty-six open "Z-type" tendo Achillis lengthenings were performed on 20 children with equinus contractures secondary to spastic cerebral palsy. The patients' average age was 8.6 years (range 4.0-17.5 years). A preoperative calculation of the amount of lengthening needed to accomplish a satisfactory correction of equinus was used before all procedures in the hope of avoiding iatrogenic overlengthening. This calculation was done with simple clinical measurements on the foot and ankle and is based on elementary lever arm and geometric principles. After an average follow-up of 3.1 years (range 6 months to 7 years), there were no instances of overlengthening, nor was there residual equinus.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bifurcated femur with a normal tibia and fibula.

Bifurcation of the distal femur is not a common anomaly; there have been only 27 cases of bifurcated femur with tibial hemimelia reported in the literature. This is the first report of a bifurcated femur associated with a normal tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between acquired spastic talipes equinovarus and dystonia musculorum deformans.

Acquired spastic talipes equinovarus associated with dystonia musculorum deformans (DMD) presents orthopaedic surgeons with a difficult treatment problem. We reviewed the natural history, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of this deformity in 12 patients. Two patients initially had the generalized form of dystonia, and 10 patients had the focal form (in which acquired spastic talipes equinovarus was the only manifestation). With time, five of these 10 developed the generalized form. A positive family history and age < 14 years at onset were prognostic of this progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the HOTV and Lea Symbols charts for preschool vision screening.

PURPOSE: Two preliterate acuity charts, the Lea Symbol chart and the HOTV chart, were compared prospectively in an established preschool vision screening program. The charts were compared by measuring time required to test, reliability coefficients, and the percentage of children testable with each chart. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seven hundred and seventy-seven 3- to 5-year-old children were randomized to four screening sequences that determined the order of chart use. Each child was screened on two occasions within 6 weeks. Testing was performed at 10 feet, and optotypes were not isolated for testing. RESULTS: Mean test time was significantly less for older children, but was not related to the chart used. Reliability coefficients were similar for the Lea Symbols and the HOTV charts. The percentage of children testable by each chart improved with increased age of the child. More 3 year olds were testable with the Lea Symbols chart compared to the HOTV chart (92% versus 85%, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Vision screening with either chart was more rapid and more frequently achieved with 4- and 5-year-old children compared with the 3 year olds. For the population as a whole, each chart gave similar results. Among the 3 year olds, however, testability rates were better for the Lea Symbols chart. The Lea Symbols chart is an acceptable option for preschool vision screening, and may be more efficacious than the HOTV chart for screening 3-year-old children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scoliosis in pediatric spinal cord-injured patients.

One hundred thirty children who sustained spinal cord injuries between birth and age 21 years were reviewed to determine the progression rate of paralytic scoliosis and the effects of bracing and surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: those injured before and those injured after the adolescent growth spurt. Scoliosis developed in 97 and 52%, respectively. Bracing was effective in delaying progression in the preadolescent group. The progressive paralytic spinal deformity did not appear to be related to the level of injury. The older patient is at much less risk for paralytic scoliosis, but still requires routine examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ground reaction forces on the plantar surface of the foot after talectomy in the myelomeningocele.

Results of talectomies in 19 patients with severe foot deformities secondary to myelomeningocele were evaluated with an average follow-up of 12 years, 7 months. Although an apparently plantigrade foot was usually obtained, talectomy rarely succeeded in distributing weightbearing forces uniformly over the plantar surface. Photoelastic force-plate analysis incorporating three-dimensional contour mapping clearly identified areas of high ground-foot reaction forces (GFRs) and high-pressure gradients. We suggest that such high-pressure areas predispose these patients to neurotrophic ulceration.

Adolescent↗