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M Coates

Publications and source records attributed to M Coates.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Patterns of oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence in New South Wales, Australia.

Incidence and mortality rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers have been reported to be increasing in Europe and the United States, with particularly large increases in mortality in central and eastern Europe. Such increases have been noted to be birth cohort-based, primarily affecting young and middle-aged men. In this report oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence data from New South Wales, Australia has been analysed for the period 1972-90. Although an increase in the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer occurred during the mid-1970s and early 1980s, it did not continue. This pattern is consistent with Australian trends in per capita consumption of tobacco, alcohol, fruit and vegetables. Individual regions within metropolitan Sydney showed substantial geographical variation with age-specific rates of oral and pharyngeal cancers (combined) in middle-aged men being at least three times higher in the city of Sydney than in New South Wales as a whole. Given the preventable nature of the disease, such high rates need not occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cancer incidence in New South Wales, Australia.

In 1972, cancer registration began in New South Wales (NSW), the most populous state in Australia. The operations of the Registry are described. By 1990, approximately 316,000 new cases of cancer had been notified from a population that had increased from 4.6 to 5.8 million. In 1981-1984, the most common sites in men were lung, prostate, colon, melanoma and bladder, and in women, breast, melanoma, colon, lung and unknown primary site. Cancers which, between 1973-1976 and 1981-1984, had increased in reported incidence by more than 25% were pharynx and kidney in both sexes, rectum, testis and melanoma in men, and lung and bladder in women; those decreasing by more than 10% were stomach in both sexes, oesophagus in men and cervix in women. Age-standardised incidence rates for melanoma (27.4 [m] and 23.8 [f] per 100,000 in 1987) and cancer of the renal pelvis in women (1.7 per 100,000 in 1989) are among the highest in the world.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of alimentary cancers in New South Wales, 1973-82.

Incidence and mortality data from New South Wales (NSW) for 1973-82 were examined using log-linear regression to determine the temporal trends of cancers of the alimentary tract. There were significant increases in incidence of cancers of the colon (1.7%/year), rectum (2.6%/year), and liver (4.0%/year) and decreases for cancers of the oesophagus (-2.2%/year) and stomach (-1.4%/year). By contrast, the mortality decreased significantly for cancers of the colon (-1.0%/year) and pancreas (-1.4%/year) as well as for cancers of the oesophagus (-3.4%/year) and stomach (-4.1%/year). Cancers of the colon, rectum and oesophagus were generally less frequent, and cancer of the stomach was more frequent, among migrants to NSW than among the native-born Australians in NSW. This pattern was most evident in migrants from Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia and England and was absent in migrants from Scotland and New Zealand. When compared with the state as a whole, rural NSW had significantly lower incidences of cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, colon and rectum.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Simulation of protein evolution by random fixation of allowed codons.

Computer simulation of protein evolution is based on a simple model consisting of random fixation of allowed codons (RFAC). Random replacement of single nucleotides occurs in a DNA sequence. If this results in any of the synonomous codons for allowed amino acids the mutation is fixed, if not, there is no change in the DNA and the cycle is repeated. Multiple fixations at the same nucleotide site, back mutations, degenerate fixations and coincidental identity of amino acids all occur. RFAC simulation begins with a single DNA sequence and follows a phylogeny based on the fossil record. The rate of fixation at the level of DNA is constant. The model upon which RFAC simulation is based is the same as the neutral theory of molecular evolution. The simulation is therefore a test of this theory. The results of simulated and real evolution are compared for fibrinopeptides A in mammals and cytochromes C and hemoglobin alpha and beta chains in vertebrates. In each case the allowed variation at each site has been set equal to that observed, twice that observed and all protein amino acids. Rates of fixation vary from 2.4 X 10(-10) to 10(-8) accepted nucleotide fixations per codon per year. There is some, although never excellent, agreement between real and simulated evolution, the better fits are obtained in the cases of fibrinopeptides A and cytochromes C. The major source of discrepancy between real evolution and simulation is irregularities in the rates of real evolution. RFAC simulation is compared with the random evolutionary hit (REH) model, augmented maximum parsimony and the accepted point mutations (PAM) approach.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

High levels of inosine monophosphate in the erythrocytes of elasmobranchs.

The acid soluble organic phosphates of the erythrocytes of three species of elasmobranchs were assayed by chromatography on Dowex 1 anion exchange columns. Organic phosphates in the peaks eluted from these columns were identified by their ultraviolet absorption spectra and by further chromatography on paper. All three species are unusual amongst the vertebrates in that their erythrocytes contain high levels of inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP has little effect on the oxygen affinity of the hemoglobins of the two species tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

alpha-chain sequence of newt haemoglobin (Taricha granulosa).

The amino acid sequence of the alpha-chain of the major haemoglobin of a newt, T. granulosa, has been determined. The chain is 142 residues long and has an extra methionine at its N-terminus when compared with human alpha-chain. Most of the tryptic peptides were sequenced by a combination of the subtractive Edman method and by deduction from the compositions of overlapping fragments produced by various enzymic treatments. The sequence of two 'core' regions was obtained by automatic sequencing of large peptides produced by trypsin cleavage at arginine residues only after blockage of lysine residues by citraconylation; by cleavage between aspartic acid and proline residues with 70% formic acid, and by cyanogen bromide cleavage at methionine residues. The sequence of T. granulosa alpha-chain is compared with those of representative species from the other classes of vertebrates. The differences in alpha-chain between the classes of vertebrates are compared with the differences in this protein between an equal number of orders of mammals. This comparison allows us to conclude that the major functional and conformational features of alpha-chain have been conserved since the divergence of the classes of jawed vertebrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the interaction of organic phosphates with haemoglobin in an amphibian (Bufo marinus), a reptile (Trachydosaurus rugosus) and man.

The primary organic phosphate modifiers of haemoglobin function are DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) in the toad Bufo marinus and ATP in the lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus. Myo-IP6 (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) and myo-IP5 (myo-inositol pentaphosphate) are more effective than ATP or DPG in reducing the oxygen affinities of the haemoglobins of B. marinus, T. rugosus and man, while ATP and DPG are about equally effective. Competition experiments indicate that ATP, DPG and myo-IP6 bind to the same site or sites on the haemoglobins of each of the species. These findings, and those of others, are interpreted as evidence that the evolution of an organic phosphate binding site on the haemoglobin of an ancient vertebrate pre-adapted haemoglobin for interaction with a set of organic phosphates having certain structural features in common.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1971

Folie à deux.

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Humans↗