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Biomedical subjects

M Cobo

Publications and source records attributed to M Cobo.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Reduction of the ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus by oral acyclovir.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a unique form of zoster dermatitis associated with a high rate of ocular complications that tend to be chronic and may cause vision loss. The ocular complications are highly varied, with keratitis and uveitis being more persistent sequellae of HZO. Oral acyclovir treatment of acute HZO reduces the incidence of the more common ocular complications, including keratitis and uveitis. Although patients treated early in the course of this disease experience a greater clinical response, treatment as late as seven days after onset of cutaneous lesions confers a beneficial prophylactic effect with respect to the ocular complications of HZO.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

The basolateral limbic circuit and self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat.

The effects of lesions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (ABL) and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) on self-stimulation (SS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) were investigated. Spontaneous motor activity (SMA) was measured as a control for possible non-specific effects of the lesions. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of ABL or MD produced a parallel transient decrease of SS and SMA. However, combined lesion of ABL and MD produced clearly different effects on both parameters. SMA decreased during the 1st day post-lesion and recovered to control levels by the 3rd day post-lesion. SS, on the contrary, was significantly decreased during the first five days post-lesion and after that time SS rate recovered to control levels. These results suggest the involvement of the basolateral limbic circuit in the neural substate underlying SS behavior of the MPC.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Observations on the natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

We have studied certain aspects of the natural history of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus in placebo-treated patients followed prospectively over one year as part of a therapeutic drug trial. Observations on the incidence of ocular complications relating to the efficacy of oral acyclovir in this disease have been previously published. This report provides supplemental observations on the natural history of frequently observed ocular complications of zoster ophthalmicus: corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, anterior uveitis, and post herpetic neuralgia. These ocular complications of zoster typically present within the first two weeks of the diagnosis. This report characterizes the onset of corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, and anterior uveitis as well as interrelationships amongst these sequellae of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Post-herpetic neuralgia occurs in 52% of patients and persists beyond a year in 22% of those affected.

Cornea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peptides and self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: effects of intracerebral microinjections of substance P and cholecystokinin.

The effects of intracerebral microinjections of substance P and cholecystokinin on self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat were studied. Intracerebroventricular administration of substance P at doses of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms produced a dose-related decrease in self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex; spontaneous motor activity, measured as a control, was not affected. Unilateral microinjections into the medial prefrontal cortex of substance P at doses of 10 and 20 micrograms produced a decrease of self-stimulation of the ipsilateral side, but self-stimulation of the contralateral cortex, used as a control, was not affected. On the contrary, cholecystokinin in both intracerebroventricular administration at doses of 100, 200 and 400 ng, or intracortical microinjections into the medial prefrontal cortex at doses of 200, 400 and 800 ng, had no effect on self-stimulation of this cortical area. These results suggest that substance P, but not cholecystokinin, could be part of the neurochemical substrate underlying self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Release of amino acid neurotransmitters in different cortical areas of conscious adult and aged rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters change during the normal process of aging in the cerebral cortex. In vivo push-pull perfusions were performed in four different areas of the cortex of young (3-4 months) and aged (24-26 months) rats: medial prefrontal cortex, sulcal prefrontal cortex, parieto-temporal cortex and occipital cortex. Extracellular levels of Asp, Glu, Ser, Gln, and Gly were analyzed by HPLC-fluorimetric detection. Aspartate, glutamate, and serine showed no differences between young and aged animals in any of the four cortical areas studied. However, in the aged rats, the levels of glutamine, a precursor of acidic amino acid neurotransmitters, were significantly increased in medial prefrontal cortex, sulcal prefrontal cortex, and parieto-temporal cortex. No changes in glutamine were detected in occipital cortex. These results suggest that the extracellular levels of Asp and Glu in the cerebral cortex do not change during the normal process of aging possibly due to functional compensations made by intact neurons and/or astrocytes. In addition, the increase of glutamine in some areas of the cerebral cortex could be indicative of glial (astrocytes) proliferation as a result of neuronal degeneration during the normal process of aging.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aging, prefrontal cortex, and amino acid neurotransmitters: differential effects produced by electrical stimulation.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on the in vivo release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex of young (3-4 months) and aged (27-30 months) rats. In vivo push-pull perfusions were performed in the conscious animal. The levels of aspartate, glutamate, and glycine were analyzed by HPLC-fluorimetric detection. Electrical stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex at the intensity of 0.3 mA produced a significant increase in the levels of aspartate, glutamate, and glycine in young but not aged rats. However, at the intensity of 0.6 mA, a significant delayed increase of these same amino acids was produced in the aged rats. These results support the existence of a differential effect of electrical stimulation on amino acid neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex of young and aged rats.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

VITRAX (sodium hyaluronate) in anterior segment surgery: a review and clinical study summary.

Anterior segment ophthalmic surgery has been greatly facilitated by the use of viscoelastic surgical aids containing sodium hyaluronate. VITRAX is a highly purified fraction of sodium hyaluronate dissolved in a physiological balanced salt solution. A multiclinic evaluation was conducted in 440 patients undergoing anterior segment surgery who received VITRAX or other viscoelastic surgical aids (HEALON, VISCOAT, or AMVISC). VITRAX was effective in facilitating complex intraocular surgical procedures and was comparable to HEALON in protecting corneal endothelium during surgery. Overall rates for complications and adverse reactions with VITRAX and the comparative agents were similar, although postoperative elevations in intraocular pressure were observed more frequently with HEALON. Vitrax is an effective and well-tolerated surgical aid for anterior chamber procedures.

Aged↗