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M Cognat

Publications and source records attributed to M Cognat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Motility and fertilizing capacity of epididymal human spermatozoa in normal and pathological cases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate different factors involved in the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) with epididymal spermatozoa in cases of vas deferens agenesis, with particular emphasis on sperm movement parameters. DESIGN: Prospective study in which sperm movement characteristics, level of puncture, and sperm preparation technique were studied relative to the outcome of IVF. SETTING: Département de Gynécologie, Oncologie Gynécologique, Sénologie, Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon France. PATIENTS: Thirteen couples underwent 15 IVF cycles. In 14 cycles (12 patients) epididymal spermatozoa could be recovered by surgical punctures. Epididymides were taken from 10 subjects in state of cerebral death to study epididymal spermatozoa under physiological status of the epididymis. RESULTS: The cleavage rate in IVF was low (25/158: 15.8%). In seven cases, embryo transfer was possible, leading to two twin pregnancies (4 infants born). Fertilization could be achieved with spermatozoa from the epididymis caput. Motility was paradoxically higher in the proximal epididymis than in the distal epididymis. In healthy epididymides, spermatozoa collected from the caput did not exhibit any progressive motility, whereas progressive motility was always present in the epididymis corpus. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that forward motility could be observed in the epididymis caput in patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens and that fertilization and ongoing pregnancies could be obtained from caput spermatozoa. On the other hand, in physiological status of the epididymis, forward motility was observed only as from the corpus area, confirming observations in other species.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Infections by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealytycum in vaginal discharge. Incidence and treatment].

This report summarizes the studies carried out on 100 patients who were examined for vaginal discharge. The following observations were made: Mycoplasma hominis in 13.59% of the cases, Ureaplasma urealytycum in 8.73% of the cases, that is, the presence of at least one of these microorganisms in 22.32 of the cases. All these infections were treated by tetracyclines administered in appropriate doses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Transplacental administration of diethylstilbestrol in the rat. II. Effect on the hormonal receptors of the endometrium].

Transplacental exposure to diethylstilboestrol (DES) strongly decreases the fertility of the offsprings. Progesterone receptors concentrations are significantly decreased for treated group (0.40 and 0.44 pmol/mg cytosol proteins) versus control group (0.74 pmol/mg cytosol proteins) Estradiol receptor concentrations are significantly higher for long time treated groups (0.26 pmol/mg cytosol proteins) versus control or short time treated groups (0.15 and 0.13 pmol/mg cytosol proteins).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Transplacental administration of diethylstilbestrol in the rat. I. Apropos of the fertility of its offspring].

To determine the effects of transplacental exposure to diethylstilboestrol (DES) on the fertility of the offsprings, timed pregnant Sprague Dawley OFA rats were treated with DES (10, 20, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg/d, subcutaneous) on days 10 to 18 of gestation (long time) or days 13 to 18 of gestation (short time). Only the lowest dosed groups (10 micrograms/kg/d, short and long times, and 20 micrograms/kg/d, short time) gave birth to living offsprings. The fertility of the male and female offsprings was determined postnatally by a breeding technique and appeared to be strongly decreased among females of all groups (70 to 100% of sterility) and moderately among males (11 to 18% of pathological fecundity). Fertility of offspring of these rats with pathological fecundity appeared to be normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Transplacental administration of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the rat: effects on fertility and on hormonal receptors in the endometrium].

To determine the effects of transplacental exposure to diethylstilboestrol (DES) on the fertility and endometrial hormonal receptors of the offsprings, timed pregnant OFA rats were treated with DES (10, 20, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg/day, subcutaneous) on days 10 to 18 of gestation (long time) or days 13 to 18 of gestation (short time). Only the lowest dosed groups (10 micrograms/kg/day, short and long times, and 20 micrograms/kg/day, short time) gave birth to living offsprings. The fertility of the male and female offsprings was determined postnatally by a breeding technique and appeared to be strongly decreased among females of all groups (70 to 100% of sterility) and slowly decreased among males (12 to 26% of pathological fecundity). Progesterone receptor concentrations were significantly decreased for treated group (0.40 and 0.44 pmol/mg cytosol proteins) versus control group (0.74 pmol/mg cytosol proteins). Estradiol receptor concentrations were significantly higher for long time treated groups (0.26 pmol/mg cytosol proteins) versus control or short time treated groups (0.15 and 0.13 pmol/mg cytosol proteins).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Choice of suture material for surgery of female and male sterility. Is there an all-purpose suture?].

In the field of infertility, surgeons choose their sutures according some criteria: handling, absence of side effects and toxicity for the tissues, adequate sterilization, availability in adequate calibers with needles suitable for the structures of Fallopian tube, vas deferens and epididymis. Today, it seems that Polyglactine 910 (treated and gained Vicryl*) is perfectly adapted to all the anatomical situations and can be selected as the "unique" suture for sterility surgery (calibers 7 X 0 or 8 X 0). Our opinion is based on: Experimental findings coming from a personal work concerning 60 anastomosis on the uterine horn of the female rate. Critical analysis of previous experimentations done by other authors. The results of our personal practice in more of 1.400 salpingoplasties and 150 operations in the seminal genital ductus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Distal tubal surgery].

The author summarizes his extensive experience of surgical treatment of tubal sterility. He shows by analysis of statistics of 1968 to 1980, that microsurgery does not significantly improve the total of intrauterine pregnancies, but seems to reduce the number of extrauterine gestations. He states that the results of tubal surgery seem to have attained a plateau, whilst one can anticipate a considerable development of in vitro fertilisation in the coming years.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1985

[Utero-ovarian implantation. Experimental study and critical evaluation of its use in women].

The authors studied experimentally ovario-uterine implantation in rats, an operation first performed many years ago yielding very rare and debatable results. This procedure is ineffective in the treatment of sterility due to endometrial proliferation over the ovary, which closes off rapidly the endometrial cavity and separates it from the implanted ovary. Much uncertainty surrounds the majority of previously reported successes, the few resultant pregnancies from ovario-uterine implantation considered due to hazard and completely unreliable. This operation has no place in the treatment of sterility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Postoperative crural paralysis in gynecologic surgery].

The authors describe one case of crural paralysis following a microsurgical salpingoplasty. The three causes of this usually reversible complication are discussed: the type of incision, the type of retractor, and positioning of the retractor by the surgeons over a long period of time.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Personal experience with salpingoplasty. Apropos of 285 cases].

285 cases of salpingoplasty are reported and studied. Only 172 patients could be followed up recently. The percentage of pregnancies was 27-7, 20 per cent were intra-uterine pregnancies. The percentage of successful pregnancies was 45-93 if only those patients who were seen again were reviewed. The results are best when the operation is carried out in the most conservative and most anatomically restorative fashion. This fine surgery, which must be carried out so delicately and with such detail, which will appeal more and more to modern technicians using micro-surgery, should stay in the hands of specialists because there is no doubt that the level of success rises with the experience of the operator.

Fallopian Tubes↗
PubMed1976

[The risk of cardiac arrest during laparoscopy. A study of 50,000 laparoscopies and animal experimentation].

In a French national enquiry into 50,000 laparoscopies it emerges that the number of cardiac arrests works out at 1 in 2,000. The percentage of reversible cardiac arrests was 1 in 2500 and of irreversible cardiac arrests 1.2 in 10,000. 25 cases were studied in great detail, both clinically and physiopathologically. This was thanks to a very full questionnaire most kindly filled up by those who had told us that this type of accident had happened in their practice. The physiopathogenesis of circulatory arrests during laparoscopy is complex. It appears however that among the different potentiating factors are changes in haemodynamics and biological changes that give rise to the greatest risks. Experimental work carried out with a long-tailed baboon was performed by the authors with the idea on the one hand of confirming that haemodynamic and biological troubles resulting from the pneumoperitoneum were important and on the other hand of analysing the changes in detail and of working out prophylactic principles for the anaesthetist and the laparoscopist.

Animals↗