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Biomedical subjects

M Coltorti

Publications and source records attributed to M Coltorti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Familial clustering of heterogeneous chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

This study concerns the family of a girl affected by type 2 Crigler-Najjar syndrome; a brother and a sister died of kernicterus a few months after birth. The father and two living siblings had moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The patient's liver uridine-diphospho-glucuronyl-transferase activity (UDPGT) was markedly reduced. All the family members underwent nicotinic acid (NA) load to test hepatic uptake capacity. This test, and NA half-life were normal in the patient and in her mother, and altered in the other relatives. The extent of the hyperbilirubinemic response to NA load, and of the NA half-life, together with physical examination over a one-year period were in good agreement with the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome in the patient's father and siblings. Our conclusion is that different impairments of hepatic handling of organic anions may be present in members of families with non-hemolytic bilirubinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dose dependence of nicotinic acid-induced hyperbilirubinemia and its dissociation from hemolysis in Gilbert's syndrome.

The serum increments in unconjugated bilirubin and total iron were determined after intravenous administration of 5.90 mumol/kg body weight of nicotinic acid (NA) in 26 patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS), seven patients with hemolytic anemia, and 13 healthy volunteers. The hyperbilirubinemic response, expressed as the area under time concentration curve of unconjugated bilirubin (AUCBR, milligrams per deciliter per 240 minutes) was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in patients with GS than in controls and patients with hemolytic anemia, in whom no difference was observed. In contrast, comparable values of the hypersideremic effect (AUCFe, milligrams per deciliter per 240 minutes) were noticed among the three groups. In seven consecutive patients with GS, seven with hemolytic anemia, and four healthy volunteers, AUCBR, AUCFe, and the NA plasma half-life of the first fast slope of the curve were determined at three different doses of the drug (1.18, 2.95, and 5.90 mumol NA per kilogram body weight). A significant, dose-dependent increase in AUCBR was present in patients with GS, whereas it remained constant both in controls and in patients with hemolytic anemia. The NA plasma half-life was also significantly prolonged in GS with each of the three doses, but remained unchanged in the other two groups. In patients with GS, a linear correlation (r = 0.891, P less than 0.001) was present between AUCBR and NA plasma half-life. In contrast, the AUCFe value remained constant at the different doses used in the three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Impaired plasma clearance of nicotinic acid and rifamycin-SV in Gilbert's syndrome: evidence of a functional heterogeneity.

Patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) have impaired clearance by the liver of some organic anions. We looked for possible differences in hepatic clearance of nicotinic acid (NA) and rifamycin-SV (R-SV) among GS patients, and examined the effect produced by these anions on the plasma levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). Two subgroups of GS patients, GS1 and GS2, were differentiated according to their ability to handle R-SV and NA. Compared with a control group, the alteration of the half-life both of NA and R-SV was less marked in GS1 than in GS2. UCB plasma concentration after NA and R-SV loading was more greatly increased in GS2 than in GS1 patients. In addition, a striking correlation was found in all subjects studied between UCB and the half-life of NA and R-SV. These related alterations of plasma UCB and plasma half-life or organic anions suggests a common defect of hepatic uptake. It is hypothesized that this defect is located at the level of a hepatic plasma membrane carrier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Diabetic neuropathy. I). Peripheral neuropathy].

This is the first of a series of reports on diabetic neuropathy. Peripheral or somatic diabetic neuropathy is discussed with reference to its major symptoms: central, peripheral and amyotrophic mononeuropathies, symmetrical and asymmetrical polyneuropathies, peripheral arthropathy and finally diabetic cachexia. The various theories on the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy are presented. Finally data on 173 type I and II diabetics are presented. These patients, treated in outpatients departments, were paired by sex, weight and age with an equal number of non-diabetic subjects. The results of the survey largely confirm report in the literature. The importance of continuous medical surveillance for the identification and hence prevention of diabetic neuropathy is emphasized. This is particularly necessary since we have still much to learn about the natural history of the disease and for the moment the therapeutic approaches to the various neuropathies concerned are both tentative and symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hypotensive effect of the association atenolol-chlorthalidone in hypertensive diabetics.

The authors conducted a clinical investigation in twenty-five patients affected with essential hypertension of mild or moderate grade associated with type II diabetes mellitus, the purpose being to assess the effect of 8 weeks of combined treatment with atenolol (100 mg) and chlorthalidone (25 mg) on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and glycaemia. It is, indeed, generally known that both beta-blockade agents and diuretics can interfere with carbohydrate metabolism. The results indicate that 92% of the patients treated in this trial had significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, in the absence of bradycardia or other adverse effects. Glycaemia values were lower at the end of treatment, probably as a result of better diet control during the trial, as suggested by the general tendency to body-weight reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasma clearance of nicotinic acid and rifamycin-SV, and their interaction in Gilbert's syndrome: application of a compartmental model.

The bicompartmental kinetics of nicotinic acid (NA) and rifamycin-SV (R-SV)--2 organic anions that probably share a common hepatic uptake mechanism--were studied in 7 cases of Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and in 7 healthy controls matched for sex and age. In GS the NA and R-SV uptake constants (K21) were significantly decreased. In GS patients, simultaneous loads of NA and R-SV, the latter at increasing doses, produced: 1) a progressive lowering only of R-SV K21; and 2) an increase in R-SV hepatic plasma reflux (K12). Changes in biliary excretion ( Kee ) and hepatocellular pool (Ke) of both NA and R-SV probably depend on the rates of uptake and reflux constants of the two anions. The study of the parameters of compartmental kinetics of NA and R-SV confirms that the two organic anions, which have different metabolic routes and/or a different affinity for intracellular carriers, share common uptake mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acute viral hepatitis in childhood: etiology and evolution.

A study of 164 consecutive patients (97 males, 67 females; aged 3-11 years) with acute hepatitis was done. Hepatitis A was the most frequent etiologic type. It occurred in 82.7% of the 3-5-year age group, and in 72.2% and 57.2% of the 6-8- and 9-11-year age groups, respectively. Non-A, non-B hepatitis was rather infrequent (4.3%). Hepatitis B occurred in 13.7% of the 3-5-year age group and reached 39.6% in the 9-11-year age group. While all hepatitis A and non-A, non-B cases recovered within a relatively short time, hepatitis B patients recovered more slowly; two cases recovered 1 year after the onset of symptoms. Chronicity was demonstrated in 23.8% of hepatitis B patients 2 years after the onset of the disease. HBsAg clearance was slower in children than in adults. At 4 months, only 59% of patients had serum converted, and a chronic carrier state occurred in 13 of 42 subjects followed for up to 2 years (three healthy carriers and 10 with chronic hepatitis of various types). Our data show that persistence of HBeAg positivity does not always lead to chronicity in children. Of the eight patients HBeAg-positive 1 year after the onset of symptoms, two recovered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Membranous glomerulopathy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children.

Histological examination of renal biopsies in 64 Neapolitan children aged 13 months to 14 years who presented with nephrotic syndrome or persistent hematuria and/or proteinuria revealed membranous glomerulopathy (M.G.) in 14. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the serum of 9/14 children with M.G. and in 1/14 children in an age and sex matched control group. The prevalence of HBsAg positivity in the M.G. children suggests a relationship between HBV infection and the disease. The high prevalence of males in HBsAg positive M.G. children suggests that males have an increased risk of contracting M.G. The absence of chronic liver disease in 8/9 HBsAg positive M.G. patients, and the lack of correlation between the clinical manifestations of kidney disease and the rate of HBV replication indicate that different mechanisms underlie the hepatic and renal pathologies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Gastrin stimulation of salivary secretion: preliminary observations].

The authors have investigated the effect of pentagastrin and of meat extract on salivary secretion. Both stimuli significantly increase the secretion of saliva. Factors such as taste and deglutition don't influence the increase of salivary secretion due to meat extract, as it remains even when meat extract was administered by naso-gastric tube. This finding suggest that endogenous gastrin, stimulated by meat extract, as well as exogenous pentagastrin, influence the secretion of saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Mechanisms of detecting organic cholephilic anions in man: comparative studies on plasma depuration of rifamycin-SV. Interference of nicotinic acid and phenobarbital].

We have studied plasmatic half-life of R-SV administered alone and in association with nicotinic acid, before and after treatment with phenobarbital, in 10 normobilirubinaemic subjects and in 10 patients Gilbert's syndrome, used like controls. Ouer results confirm the existence of some alterations of drug-metabolism produced by associated administration of other drugs, in both healthy and hyperbilirubinaemic subjects, and in these one even more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Influence of allopurinol on the half-life of tolbutamide and rifamycin-SV in blood of healthy volunteers].

The influence of treatment with allopurinol (5 mg/kg/die for 15 days) on T/2 of tolbutamide and rifomycin-SV intravenously administered, has been studied in 10 healthy volunteers. We have observed reduction of T/2 of tolbutamide and, on the contrary, prolongation of T/2 of rifamycin-SV. Tolbutamide behaviour was unexpected, considering that other Authors had previously found inhibition of metabolic degradation of other drugs metabolized by the microsomal enzymes. We conclude that data concerning the influence of a drug (in our case, allopurinol) on the metabolism of another drug cannot always authorize general deduction and previsions regarding the metabolic interferences on the pharmacokinetics of other substances.

Adult↗